Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

---

Top JEL
/ E: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
/ / E6: Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook
/ / / E62: Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory

2020

• Natalie Cox & Peter Ganong & Pascal Noel & Joseph Vavra & Arlene Wong, 2020, "Initial impacts of the pandemic on consumer behavior: Evidence from linked income, spending, and savings data," Working Papers, Princeton University. Economics Department., number 2020-39, Jul.
• Daniela Tavasci & Luigi Ventimiglia, 2020, "Una valutazione dellÕausteritˆ e del debito pubblico italiani (An assessment of Italian austerity programs and public debt)," Moneta e Credito, Economia civile, volume 73, issue 292, pages 355-384.
• Emiliano Brancaccio & Fabiana De Cristofaro, 2020, "Inside the IMF Òmea culpaÓ: A panel analysis on growth forecast errors and Keynesian multipliers in Europe," PSL Quarterly Review, Economia civile, volume 73, issue 294, pages 225-239.
• Henri Keränen & Sakari Lähdemäki, 2020, "Identification of fiscal SVARs in small open economies using trading partner forecast errors as instruments," Working Papers, Työn ja talouden tutkimus LABORE, The Labour Institute for Economic Research LABORE, number 330, Dec.
• Paul Cosmin Alin ENÃCHESCU, 2020, "Impact Of Fiscal Policy On The Economic Cycle In Romania," Scientific Bulletin - Economic Sciences, University of Pitesti, volume 19, issue 3, pages 169-176.
• Fátima Cardoso & Manuel Coutinho Pereira & Nuno Alves, 2020, "Heterogeneous response of consumers to income shocks throughout a financial assistance program," Working Papers, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department, number w202018.
• Navarat Temsumrit, 2020, "Does Democracy Affect Cyclical Fiscal Policy? Evidence From Developing Countries," PIER Discussion Papers, Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research, number 125, Jan.
• Athiphat Muthitacharoen, 2020, "Assessing Tax Burden Differential Between Foreign Multinationals and Local Firms: Implications for FDI Tax Incentives," PIER Discussion Papers, Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research, number 127, Mar.
• James Bishop & Iris Day, 2020, "How Many Jobs Did JobKeeper Keep?," RBA Research Discussion Papers, Reserve Bank of Australia, number rdp2020-07, Nov, DOI: 10.47688/rdp2020-07.
• Christopher Loewald & David Faulkner & Konstantin Makrelov, 2020, "Time consistency and economic growth a case study of south african macroeconomic policy," Working Papers, South African Reserve Bank, number 10421, Nov.
• Ruediger Bachmann & Jinhui Bai & Minjoon Lee & Fudong Zhang, 2020, "Online Appendix to "The Welfare and Distributional Effects of Fiscal Volatility: a Quantitative Evaluation"," Online Appendices, Review of Economic Dynamics, number 18-207.
• Stefan Niemann & Paul Pichler, 2020, "Online Appendix to "Optimal fiscal policy and sovereign debt crises"," Online Appendices, Review of Economic Dynamics, number 18-382.
• Javier Andres & Oscar Arce & Dominik Thaler & Carlos Thomas, 2020, "Online Appendix to "When Fiscal Consolidation Meets Private Deleveraging"," Online Appendices, Review of Economic Dynamics, number 18-471.
• Nicola Borri & Pietro Reichlin, 2020, "Online Appendix to "Optimal Taxation with Home Ownership and Wealth Inequality"," Online Appendices, Review of Economic Dynamics, number 19-19.
• Markus Karlman & Karin Kinnerud & Kasper Kragh-Sorensen, 2020, "Online Appendix to "Costly reversals of bad policies: the case of the mortgage interest deduction"," Online Appendices, Review of Economic Dynamics, number 19-217.
• Mario Crucini & Nam Vu, 2020, "Online Appendix to "Did the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Help Counties Most Affected by the Great Recession?"," Online Appendices, Review of Economic Dynamics, number 19-343.
• Till Gross, 2020, "Code and data files for "Dynamic Optimal Fiscal Policy in a Transfer Union"," Computer Codes, Review of Economic Dynamics, number 18-182, revised .
• Daniel Carroll & Jim Dolmas & Eric Young, 2020, "Code and data files for "The Politics of Flat Taxes"," Computer Codes, Review of Economic Dynamics, number 18-193, revised .
• Ruediger Bachmann & Jinhui Bai & Minjoon Lee & Fudong Zhang, 2020, "Code and data files for "The Welfare and Distributional Effects of Fiscal Volatility: a Quantitative Evaluation"," Computer Codes, Review of Economic Dynamics, number 18-207, revised .
• Stefan Niemann & Paul Pichler, 2020, "Code and data files for "Optimal fiscal policy and sovereign debt crises"," Computer Codes, Review of Economic Dynamics, number 18-382, revised .
• Javier Andres & Oscar Arce & Dominik Thaler & Carlos Thomas, 2020, "Code and data files for "When Fiscal Consolidation Meets Private Deleveraging"," Computer Codes, Review of Economic Dynamics, number 18-471, revised .
• Nicola Borri & Pietro Reichlin, 2020, "Code and data files for "Optimal Taxation with Home Ownership and Wealth Inequality"," Computer Codes, Review of Economic Dynamics, number 19-19, revised .
• Markus Karlman & Karin Kinnerud & Kasper Kragh-Sorensen, 2020, "Code and data files for "Costly reversals of bad policies: the case of the mortgage interest deduction"," Computer Codes, Review of Economic Dynamics, number 19-217, revised .
• Mario Crucini & Nam Vu, 2020, "Code and data files for "Did the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Help Counties Most Affected by the Great Recession?"," Computer Codes, Review of Economic Dynamics, number 19-343, revised .
• Alessandro Di Nola & Georgi Kocharkov & Almuth Scholl & Anna-Mariia Tkhir, 2020, "Code and data files for "The Aggregate Consequences of Tax Evasion"," Computer Codes, Review of Economic Dynamics, number 19-36, revised .
• Patrick Kehoe & Pierlauro Lopez & Virgiliu Midrigan & Elena Pastorino, 2020, "Code and data files for "On the Importance of Household versus Firm Credit Frictions in the Great Recession"," Computer Codes, Review of Economic Dynamics, number 20-249, revised .
• Syed Fazal Rehman, 2020, "Exploring The Long Run Effects And Relationship Of Military Expenditures And Economic Growth In The Scenario Of Pakistan," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), volume 9, issue 3, pages 106-112, September.
• Gomez-Gonzalez, Jose Eduardo & Valencia, Oscar & Herrera, David & Zapata, Steven, 2020, "Sectoral Fiscal Multipliers and Budget Inflexibility: The Role of Allocative Inefficiency," Working papers, Red Investigadores de Economía, number 59, Jul.
• García-Callejas, Danny & Granda-Carvajal, Catalina, 2020, "Informalidad, ciclos económicos y política fiscal: una exploración de los nexos," Working papers, Red Investigadores de Economía, number 70, Dec.
• Wajid Ali & Iftikhar Ahmad & Sara Rafiq, 2020, "Regime Switches in Pakistan’s Fiscal Policy: Markov-Switching VAR Approach," Asian Journal of Applied Economics/ Applied Economics Journal, Kasetsart University, Faculty of Economics, Center for Applied Economic Research, volume 27, issue 2, pages 45-76.
• Kasali Nurudeen Olanipekun, 2020, "The Effect of Fiscal Deficit on Investment in Nigeria," Working Papers, Department of Economics, University of Ilorin, number 3, Feb.
• Nicola Acocella, 2020, "The Impact Of Coronavirus And The Policies Needed," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, volume 73, issue 4, pages 525-542.
• Ismaila Akolapo Samotu & Monica Adele Orisadare, 2020, "Twin Deficit Hypothesis In The Presence Of Structural Breaks In Nigeria," Ilorin Journal of Economic Policy, Department of Economics, University of Ilorin, volume 7, issue 7, pages 35-48.
• Sadress Night & Juma Bananuka, 2020, "The mediating role of adoption of an electronic tax system in the relationship between attitude towards electronic tax system and tax compliance," Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, Universidad ESAN, volume 25, issue 49, pages 73-88.
• David Cosíos & Karen Íñiguez & Roberto Erazo, 2020, "Carga fiscal y su incidencia en la capacidad para hacer negocios, países que conforman el grupo G20 en el periodo 1995-2016," Revista Económica, Centro de Investigaciones Sociales y Económicas, Universidad Nacional de Loja, volume 8, issue 2, pages 92-100.
• Zahra Mohamadi Ahmadabadi & Bagher Darvishi, 2020, "Investigating the Iran Tax System Efficiency, Focusing Tax Buoyancy and Elasticity Indexes," Quarterly Journal of Applied Theories of Economics, Faculty of Economics, Management and Business, University of Tabriz, volume 7, issue 2, pages 1-26.
• Alexsandro Ordonez & Ricardo Politi, 2020, "Volatilidade Fiscal e Crescimento: Uma Análise para os Estados Brasileiros," Revista Brasileira de Estudos Regionais e Urbanos, Associação Brasileira de Estudos Regionais e Urbanos (ABER), volume 14, issue 3, pages 520-547.
• Yudirka Matos Sánchez & Happy Salas Fuente & María Elena Zequeira Álvarez & Eilirsy Boloy Gracial, 2020, "Propuesta de alternativas de financiamiento en la Cuenca Jaguaní del Parque Nacional Alejandro de Humboldt," Revista Cubana de Finanzas y Precios, Ministerio de Finanzas y Precios, Cuba, volume 4, issue 1, pages 73-86.
• Ana Lydia Fonseca Hernández & Fidel de la Oliva de Con, 2020, "Metodología para la gestión del riesgo en proyectos de inversión de la industria cubana de níquel," Revista Cubana de Finanzas y Precios, Ministerio de Finanzas y Precios, Cuba, volume 4, issue 1, pages 86-97.
• Victor Hugo Navarrete Servín & Luz María Galán Briseño & Miguel Castro Sánchez & María Alicia Cervantes Avalos, 2020, "El crédito fiscal y su importancia en las políticas públicas," Revista Cubana de Finanzas y Precios, Ministerio de Finanzas y Precios, Cuba, volume 4, issue 1, pages 99-108.
• Samuel Alarcon Gambarte, 2020, "Multiplicador de inversión pública durante el auge y declive de precios internacionales," Revista Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Economico, Carrera de Economía de la Universidad Católica Boliviana (UCB), issue 33, pages 79-104.
• Gulzida I. Nemirova & Tatiana I. Savelyeva, 2020, "Significance assessment of the risk management system to improve the quality of customs service provision," Economic Consultant, Scientific and Educational Initiative LLC, volume 31, issue 3, pages 42-52.
• RÜdiger Bachman & Jinhui Bai & Minjoon Lee & Fudong Zhang, 2020, "The Welfare and Distributional Effects of Fiscal Volatility: A Quantitative Evaluation," Working Papers, School of Economic Sciences, Washington State University, number 2020-2, Mar.
• Canh Phuc NGUYEN & Christophe SCHINCKUS, 2020, "The Spending Behavior of Government through the Lenses of Global Uncertainty and Economic Integration," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, volume 0, issue 2, pages 35-57, July.
• Anastasios G. Karantounias, 2020, "Model Uncertainty and Policy Design," Policy Hub, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, volume 2020, issue 17, pages 1-16, December, DOI: 10.29338/ph2020-17.
• R. Anton Braun & Daisuke Ikeda, 2020, "Why Cash Transfers Are Good Policy in the COVID-19 Pandemic," Policy Hub, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, volume 2020, issue 4, pages 1-13, May, DOI: 10.29338/ph2020-04.
• Anastasios G. Karantounias, 2020, "Doubts about the Model and Optimal Policy," FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, number 2020-12, Jul, DOI: 10.29338/wp2020-12.
• Erica X.N. Li & Tao Zha & Ji Zhang & Hao Zhou, 2020, "Stock-Bond Return Correlation, Bond Risk Premium Fundamentals, and Fiscal-Monetary Policy Regime," FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, number 2020-19, Oct, DOI: 10.29338/wp2020-19.
• Vaishali Garga, 2020, "Fiscal Expansions in the Era of Low Real Interest Rates," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, number 20-11, Apr, DOI: 10.29412/res.wp.2020.11.
• Christopher D. Cotton & Vaishali Garga & Justin Rohan, 2020, "Consumption Heterogeneity by Occupation: Understanding the Impact of Occupation on Personal Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, number 20-16, Dec, DOI: 10.29412/bosfrb.wp.2020.16.
• Jorge Miranda-Pinto & Daniel P. Murphy & Kieran Walsh & Eric Young, 2020, "Saving Constraints, Debt, and the Credit Market Response to Fiscal Stimulus," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, number 20-07, Feb, DOI: 10.26509/frbc-wp-202007.
• Lydia Cox & Gernot J. Müller & Ernesto Pasten & Raphael Schoenle, 2020, "Big G," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, number 20-15, May, DOI: 10.26509/frbc-wp-202015.
• Patrick J. Kehoe & Pierlauro Lopez & Virgiliu Midrigan & Elena Pastorino, 2020, "On the Importance of Household versus Firm Credit Frictions in the Great Recession," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, number 20-28, Sep, DOI: 10.26509/frbc-wp-202028.
• Saroj Bhattarai & Jae Won Lee & Woong Yong Park & Choongryul Yang, 2020, "Macroeconomic Effects of Capital Tax Rate Changes," Globalization Institute Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, number 391, Jun, DOI: 10.24149/gwp391.
• Sewon Hur, 2020, "The Distributional Effects of COVID-19 and Optimal Mitigation Policies," Globalization Institute Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, number 400, Sep, revised 12 May 2022, DOI: 10.24149/gwp400r4.
• Anil Kumar, 2020, "Did the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Create Jobs and Stimulate Growth?," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, number 2001, Jan, revised 08 Aug 2023, DOI: 10.24149/wp2001r2.
• James Cloyne & Òscar Jordà & Alan M. Taylor, 2020, "Decomposing the Fiscal Multiplier," Working Paper Series, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, number 2020-12, Mar, DOI: 10.24148/wp2020-12.
• Régis Barnichon & Davide Debortoli & Christian Matthes, 2020, "Understanding the Size of the Government Spending Multiplier: It's in the Sign," Working Paper Series, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, number 2021-01, Sep, DOI: 10.24148/wp2021-01.
• Travis J. Berge & Maarten De Ridder & Damjan Pfajfar, 2020, "When is the Fiscal Multiplier High? A Comparison of Four Business Cycle Phases," Finance and Economics Discussion Series, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), number 2020-026, Mar, DOI: 10.17016/FEDS.2020.026.
• Sebastian Graves, 2020, "Does Unemployment Risk Affect Business Cycle Dynamics?," International Finance Discussion Papers, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), number 1298, Sep, DOI: 10.17016/IFDP.2020.1298.
• François Gourio & Phuong Ngo, 2020, "Risk Premia at the ZLB: A Macroeconomic Interpretation," Working Paper Series, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, number WP 2020-01, Jan, DOI: 10.21033/wp-2020-01.
• Francesco Bianchi & Renato Faccini & Leonardo Melosi, 2020, "Monetary and Fiscal Policies in Times of Large Debt: Unity is Strength," Working Paper Series, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, number WP 2020-13, May, DOI: 10.21033/wp-2020-13.
• Francesco Bianchi & Renato Faccini & Leonardo Melosi, 2020, "Monetary and Fiscal Policies in Times of Large Debt: Unity is Strength," Working Paper Series, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, number WP-2020-13, May, DOI: 10.21033/wp-2020-13.
• François Gourio & Phuong Ngo, 2020, "Risk Premia at the ZLB: A Macroeconomic Interpretation," Working Paper Series, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, number WP-2020-01, Jan, DOI: 10.21033/wp-2020-01.
• Huixin Bi & Sarah Zubairy, 2020, "Public Pension Reforms and Fiscal Foresight: Narrative Evidence and Aggregate Implications," Research Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, number RWP 20-06, Jul, DOI: 10.18651/RWP2020-06.
• Huixin Bi & Wenyi Shen & Shu-Chun S. Yang, 2020, "Fiscal Implications of Interest Rate Normalization in the United States," Research Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, number RWP 20-12, Oct, DOI: 10.18651/RWP2020-12.
• Huixin Bi & W. Blake Marsh, 2020, "Flight to Liquidity or Safety? Recent Evidence from the Municipal Bond Market," Research Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, number RWP 20-19, Dec, DOI: 10.18651/RWP2020-19.
• Bill Dupor & M. Saif Mehkari, 2020, "Schools and Stimulus," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, volume 102, issue 2, pages 145-171, May, DOI: 10.20955/r.102.145-71.
• YiLi Chien & Yi Wen, 2020, "Optimal Fiscal Policy under Capital Overaccumulation," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, number 2020-002, Jan, revised 30 Aug 2021, DOI: 10.20955/wp.2020.002.
• YiLi Chien & Yi Wen & HsinJung Wu, 2020, "Are Government Bonds Net Wealth or a Liability? ---Optimal Debt and Taxes in an OLG Model with Uninsurable Income Risk," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, number 2020-007, Apr, revised 02 Apr 2025, DOI: 10.20955/wp.2020.007.
• Emilio Espino & Julian Kozlowski & Fernando M. Martin & Juan M. Sanchez, 2020, "Domestic Policies and Sovereign Default," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, number 2020-017, Jul, revised 06 Sep 2023, DOI: 10.20955/wp.2020.017.
• Serdar Birinci & Fatih Karahan & Yusuf Mercan & Kurt See, 2020, "Labor Market Policies During an Epidemic," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, number 2020-024, Aug, revised Nov 2020, DOI: 10.20955/wp.2020.024.
• Yunmin Chen & YiLi Chien & Yi Wen & C.C. Yang, 2020, "Should Capital Be Taxed?," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, number 2020-033, Sep, revised 10 Dec 2020, DOI: 10.20955/wp.2020.033.
• YiLi Chien & Yi Wen, 2020, "Time-Inconsistent Optimal Quantity of Debt," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, number 2020-037, Oct, revised 02 Sep 2021, DOI: 10.20955/wp.2020.037.
• Fernando M. Martin, 2020, "Fiscal Dominance," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, number 2020-040, Oct, revised 26 Aug 2023, DOI: 10.20955/wp.2020.040.
• Patrick J. Kehoe & Pierlauro Lopez & Virgiliu Midrigan & Elena Pastorino, 2020, "Credit Frictions in the Great Recession," Staff Report, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, number 617, Dec, DOI: 10.21034/sr.617.
• Marco Bassetto & Wei Cui, 2020, "A Ramsey Theory of Financial Distortions," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, number 775, Dec, DOI: 10.21034/wp.775.
• Marco Cipriani & Andrew F. Haughwout & Benjamin Hyman & Anna Kovner & Gabriele La Spada & Matthew Lieber & Shawn Nee, 2020, "Municipal Debt Markets and the COVID-19 Pandemic," Liberty Street Economics, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, number 20200629, Jun.
• Serdar Birinci & Fatih Karahan & Yusuf Mercan & Kurt See, 2020, "Labor Market Policies during an Epidemic," Staff Reports, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, number 943, Oct.
• Gerald A. Carlino & Thorsten Drautzburg & Robert P. Inman & Nicholas Zarra, 2020, "Partisanship and Fiscal Policy in Economic Unions: Evidence from U.S. States," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, number 20-20, Jun, DOI: 10.21799/frbp.wp.2020.20.
• Jason Taylor & Wenjun Xue & Hakan Yilmazkuday, 2020, "The Impact of China's Fiscal and Monetary Policy Responses to the Great Recession: An Analysis of Firm-Level Chinese Data," Working Papers, Florida International University, Department of Economics, number 2002, Feb.
• Natalia S. Matveeva, 2020, "State Financial Control: International Experience," Finansovyj žhurnal — Financial Journal, Financial Research Institute, Moscow 125375, Russia, issue 2, pages 69-95, April, DOI: 10.31107/2075-1990-2020-2-69-95.
• Boris I. Alekhin, 2020, "Regional Tax Autonomy and Budget Balances," Finansovyj žhurnal — Financial Journal, Financial Research Institute, Moscow 125375, Russia, issue 5, pages 114-127, October, DOI: 10.31107/2075-1990-2020-5-114-127.
• Kirill L. Astapov & Rasul А. Musaev & Anton A. Malakhov, 2020, "Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Budget Expenditure Policy," Finansovyj žhurnal — Financial Journal, Financial Research Institute, Moscow 125375, Russia, issue 6, pages 9-24, December, DOI: 10.31107/2075-1990-2020-6-9-24.
• Mihaela Onofrei & Anca Florentina Vatamanu & Elena Cigu & Florin Oprea, 2020, "Fiscal-budgetary responsibility and implications on the European budgetary framework in the context of the COVID-19 crisis," Journal of Financial Studies, Institute of Financial Studies, volume 9, issue 5, pages 24-34, November, DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13621304.
• Sinelnikov-Murylev Sergey & Polbin Andrei, 2020, "A simple macro-econometric simultaneous equation model for the Russian economy," Research Paper Series, Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, issue 180, pages 1-51.
• Polbin Andrei & Sinelnikov-Murylev Sergey, 2020, "A simple macro-econometric simultaneous equation model for the Russian economy," Research Paper Series, Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, issue 180P, pages 1-51.
• Julien Albertini & Stéphane Auray & Hafedh Bouakez & Aurélien Eyquem, 2020, "Taking off into the Wind: Unemployment Risk and State-Dependent Government Spending Multipliers," Working Papers, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon St-Etienne (GATE Lyon St-Etienne), Université de Lyon, number 2002.
• Tatiana Kirsanova & Celsa Machado & Ana Paula Ribeiro, 2020, "Tight and Loose, and Red and Blue: A 'Dance' of Macro Policies in the US," Working Papers, Business School - Economics, University of Glasgow, number 2020_14, Jun.
• Ricardo Hausmann & Ulrich Schetter, 2020, "Horrible Trade-offs in a Pandemic: Lockdowns, Transfers, Fiscal Space, and Compliance," Growth Lab Working Papers, Harvard's Growth Lab, number 160, Jul.
• José Coelho, 2020, "Universal basic income and skill -biased technological change," Notas Económicas, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, issue 51, pages 109-132, December, DOI: 10.14195/2183-203X_51_6.
• Valter Nóbrega, 2020, "Optimal Taxation and Investment-Specific Technological Change," Notas Económicas, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, issue 51, pages 167-185, December, DOI: 10.14195/2183-203X_51_8.
• Miguel Fonseca, 2020, "Fiscal Consolidation: Welfare Effects of the Adjustment Speed," Notas Económicas, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, issue 51, pages 39-67, December, DOI: 10.14195/2183-203X_50_3.
• Tiago Bernardino, 2020, "Asset Liquidity and Fiscal Consolidation Programs," Notas Económicas, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, issue 51, pages 69-89, December, DOI: 10.14195/2183-203X_51_4.
• Pedro Brinca, 2020, "Modern Macroeconomics and Heterogeneity," Notas Económicas, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, issue 51, pages 7-20, December, DOI: 10.14195/2183-203X_51_1.
• Pedro Brinca & Bruno Freitas & Margarida Mano, 2020, "Labor Share Heterogeneity and Fiscal Consolidation Programs," CeBER Working Papers, Centre for Business and Economics Research (CeBER), University of Coimbra, number 2020-04, Apr.
• Thibault Lemaire, 2020, "Fiscal Consolidations and Informality in Latin America and the Caribbean," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers), HAL, number halshs-02492309, Jan.
• Thibault Lemaire, 2020, "Fiscal Consolidations and Informality in Latin America and the Caribbean," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers), HAL, number halshs-03948669, Apr.
• Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Kirsten Ralf, 2020, "Ramsey Optimal Policy versus Multiple Equilibria with Fiscal and Monetary Interactions," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-02471593, Feb.
• Cécile Couharde & Sara Mouhoud, 2020, "Fossil fuel subsidies, income inequality, and poverty: Evidence from developing countries," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-02873904, DOI: 10.1111/joes.12384.
• Jean-Louis Combes & Alexandru Minea & Pegdéwendé Nestor Sawadogo, 2021, "Does the composition of government spending matter for government bond spreads?," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-02887274, Mar, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2020.03.025.
• Dominik Sachs & Aleh Tsyvinski & Nicolas Werquin, 2020, "Nonlinear Tax Incidence and Optimal Taxation in General Equilibrium," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-02952736, Mar, DOI: 10.3982/ECTA14681.
• Axelle Arquié & Jérôme Hericourt & Fabien Tripier, 2020, "Covid-19: Has the Time Come for Mainstream Macroeconomics to Rehabilitate Money Printing," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-03134891, Apr.
• Axelle Arquié & Jérôme Hericourt & Fabien Tripier, 2020, "Covid-19: Has the Time Come for Mainstream Macroeconomics to Rehabilitate Money Printing?," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-03141372, Apr.
• Céline Azémar & Rodolphe Desbordes & Ian Wooton, 2020, "Is international tax competition only about taxes? A market-based perspective," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-03163896, Dec, DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2020.05.002.
• Aurélien Eyquem & Rym Aloui, 2020, "The Welfare Gains of Cooperative Public Infrastructure Policies: A Trade and Supply-Side View," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-03230818, DOI: 10.15609/annaeconstat2009.140.0027.
• Ziqiao Chen & Giovanni Marin & David Popp & Francesco Vona, 2020, "Green Stimulus in a Post‑pandemic Recovery: the Role of Skills for a Resilient Recovery," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-03403020, DOI: 10.1007/s10640-020-00464-7.
• M. Menuet, 2020, "Is a Long War Desirable? Optimal Debt Concessions in Attrition Warfare," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-03529877, DOI: 10.15609/annaeconstat2009.139.0105.
• Sami Kallal & Imène Guetat, 2020, "Fiscal stance, election year and 2007 crisis, evidence from OECD countries (1980–2017)," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-04097392, Jun, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeca.2020.e00163.
• Thibault Lemaire, 2020, "Fiscal Consolidations and Informality in Latin America and the Caribbean," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-02492309, Jan.
• Aurélien Eyquem, 2020, "The Macroeconomic Effects of Lockdown policies," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-02910892, Jun.
• Aurélien Eyquem, 2020, "The Macroeconomic Effects of Lockdown policies," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-02910895, Jun.
• Julien Albertini & Stéphane Auray & Hafedh Bouakez & Aurélien Eyquem, 2020, "Taking off into the wind: Unemployment risk and state-Dependent government spending multipliers," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-03003593, Aug, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2020.07.007.
• Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Kirsten Ralf, 2022, "Ramsey Optimal Policy in theNew-Keynesian Model with Public Debt," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-03029890, Sep, DOI: 10.1017/S136510052000070X.
• Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Kirsten Ralf, 2020, "How macroeconomists lost control of stabilization policy: towards dark ages," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-03029894, Nov, DOI: 10.1080/09672567.2020.1817119.
• Stéphane Auray & Aurélien Eyquem, 2020, "The macroeconomic effects of lockdown policies," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-03031554, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104260.
• Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Kirsten Ralf, 2020, "Ramsey Optimal Policy versus Multiple Equilibria with Fiscal and Monetary Interactions," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint), HAL, number hal-02471593, Feb.
• Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Kirsten Ralf, 2022, "Ramsey Optimal Policy in theNew-Keynesian Model with Public Debt," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint), HAL, number halshs-03029890, Sep, DOI: 10.1017/S136510052000070X.
• Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Kirsten Ralf, 2020, "How macroeconomists lost control of stabilization policy: towards dark ages," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint), HAL, number halshs-03029894, Nov, DOI: 10.1080/09672567.2020.1817119.
• Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Kirsten Ralf, 2020, "Ramsey Optimal Policy versus Multiple Equilibria with Fiscal and Monetary Interactions," PSE Working Papers, HAL, number halshs-02278791, Feb.
• Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Kirsten Ralf, 2020, "How Macroeconomists Lost Control of Stabilization Policy: Towards Dark Ages," PSE Working Papers, HAL, number halshs-02978527, Oct.
• Jérôme Creel & Mehdi El Herradi, 2020, "Income inequality and monetary policy in the Euro Area," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main), HAL, number hal-03389183, Jun.
• Jérôme Creel, 2020, "Fiscal space in the euro area before Covid-19," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main), HAL, number hal-03389194, May.
• Stéphane Auray & Aurélien Eyquem, 2020, "The Macroeconomic Effects Of Lockdown Policies," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main), HAL, number hal-03389198, Apr.
• Ziqiao Chen & Giovanni Marin & David Popp & Francesco Vona, 2020, "Green Stimulus in a Post‑pandemic Recovery: the Role of Skills for a Resilient Recovery," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main), HAL, number hal-03403020, DOI: 10.1007/s10640-020-00464-7.
• David Popp & Francesco Vona & Giovanni Marin & Ziqiao Chen, 2020, "The Employment Impact of Green Fiscal Push: Evidence from the American Recovery Act," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main), HAL, number hal-03403066, Jan.
• Pierre Aldama & Jérôme Creel, 2020, "Asymmetric Macroeconomic Stabilization And Fiscal Consolidation In The Oecd And The Euro Area," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main), HAL, number hal-03403071, Mar.
• David Bounie & Youssouf Camara & John Galbraith, 2020, "Consumers' Mobility, Expenditure and Online- Offline Substitution Response to COVID-19: Evidence from French Transaction Data," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-02566443, May.
• Monoj Kumar Majumder & Mala Raghavan & Joaquin Vespignani, 2020, "Commodity Price Volatility, External Debt and Exchange Rate Regimes," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-03078951, Dec.
• Monoj Kumar Majumder & Mala Raghavan & Joaquin Vespignani, 2020, "Commodity Price Volatility, Fiscal Balance and Real Interest Rate," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-03078952, Dec.
• Jérôme Creel & Mehdi El Herradi, 2020, "Income inequality and monetary policy in the Euro Area," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-03389183, Jun.
• Jérôme Creel, 2020, "Fiscal space in the euro area before Covid-19," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-03389194, May.
• Stéphane Auray & Aurélien Eyquem, 2020, "The Macroeconomic Effects Of Lockdown Policies," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-03389198, Apr.
• David Popp & Francesco Vona & Giovanni Marin & Ziqiao Chen, 2020, "The Employment Impact of Green Fiscal Push: Evidence from the American Recovery Act," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-03403066, Jan.
• Pierre Aldama & Jérôme Creel, 2020, "Asymmetric Macroeconomic Stabilization And Fiscal Consolidation In The Oecd And The Euro Area," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-03403071, Mar.
• Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Kirsten Ralf, 2020, "Ramsey Optimal Policy versus Multiple Equilibria with Fiscal and Monetary Interactions," Working Papers, HAL, number halshs-02278791, Feb.
• Julien Albertini & Stéphane Auray & Hafedh Bouakez & Aurélien Eyquem, 2020, "Taking off into the Wind: Unemployment Risk and State-Dependent Government Spending Multipliers," Working Papers, HAL, number halshs-02452369.
• Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Kirsten Ralf, 2020, "How Macroeconomists Lost Control of Stabilization Policy: Towards Dark Ages," Working Papers, HAL, number halshs-02978527, Oct.
• Thibault Lemaire, 2020, "Fiscal Consolidations and Informality in Latin America and the Caribbean," Working Papers, HAL, number halshs-03948669, Apr.
• Milan Deskar-Škrbić & Ana Grdović Gnip & Darjan Milutinović, 2020, "Procjena fiskalnih multiplikatora u Hrvatskoj i stabilizacija javnih financija tijekom boravka u ERM II," Tradicionalni skup Hrvatskog društva ekonomista u Opatiji - objavljena poglavlja, Hrvatsko društvo ekonomista (Croatian Society of Economists), chapter 3, in: Josip Tica & Katarina Bačić, "Ekonomska politika u 2021. godini - Hrvatska poslije pandemije".
• Frane Banić, 2020, "Stohastička Analiza Javnog Duga: Primjer Hrvatske," Tradicionalni skup Hrvatskog društva ekonomista u Opatiji - objavljena poglavlja, Hrvatsko društvo ekonomista (Croatian Society of Economists), chapter 10, in: Josip Tica & Katarina Bačić, "Ekonomska politika u 2021. godini - Hrvatska poslije pandemije".
• Sami Diaf & Jörg Döpke & Ulrich Fritsche & Ida Rockenbach, 2020, "Sharks and minnows in a shoal of words: Measuring latent ideological positions of German economic research institutes based on text mining techniques," Macroeconomics and Finance Series, University of Hamburg, Department of Socioeconomics, number 202001, Aug.
• Albers, Thilo N. & Jerven, Morten & Suesse, Marvin, 2020, "The Fiscal State in Africa: Evidence from a century of growth," African Economic History Working Paper, African Economic History Network, number 55/2019, Apr, DOI: https://www.aehnetwork.org/wp-conte.
• Andersson, Fredrik N. G., 2020, "The Quest for Economic Stability: A Study on Swedish Stabilization Policies 1873–2019," Working Papers, Lund University, Department of Economics, number 2020:16, Aug.
• Andersson, Fredrik N. G., 2020, "Macroeconomic Equilibriums, Crises and Fiscal Policy," Working Papers, Lund University, Department of Economics, number 2020:21, Oct.
• Duque Gabriel, Ricardo & Klein, Mathias & Pesso, Ana Sofia, 2020, "The Effects of Government Spending in the Eurozone," Working Paper Series, Sveriges Riksbank (Central Bank of Sweden), number 400, Dec.
• Ilya Zyablitskiy, 2020, "Estimating Fiscal Multipliers in Russian Economy," HSE Economic Journal, National Research University Higher School of Economics, volume 24, issue 2, pages 268-294.
• Mariia Elkina & Sergey Pekarski, 2020, "Financial Repression in a DSGE Model with Financial Frictions," HSE Economic Journal, National Research University Higher School of Economics, volume 24, issue 4, pages 475-502.
• Ànna Mikhaylova & Evgeny Timushev, 2020, "Russia’s Budgetary System: How Much Sustainable?," HSE Economic Journal, National Research University Higher School of Economics, volume 24, issue 4, pages 572-597.
• Morita, Hiroshi, 2020, "Fiscal multipliers in the most aged country: Empirical evidence and theoretical interpretation," Discussion paper series, Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study, Hitotsubashi University, number HIAS-E-100, Sep.
• Iwata, Yasuharu & Iiboshi, Hirokuni, 2020, "Fiscal Adjustments and Debt-Dependent Multipliers: Evidence from the U.S. Time Series," Discussion paper series, Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study, Hitotsubashi University, number HIAS-E-103, Dec.
• Morita, Hiroshi, 2020, "Empirical Analysis on the Effects of Japanese Fiscal Policy under the Effective Lower Bound," Discussion paper series, Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study, Hitotsubashi University, number HIAS-E-97, Mar.
• Byoungchan Lee, 2020, "Business Cycles and Earnings Inequality," HKUST CEP Working Papers Series, HKUST Center for Economic Policy, number 202001, Apr.
• Insook Lee, 2020, "Trade-Off Effect of Pay-As-You-Go Public Pension on Economic and Welfare Volatility," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, volume 233, issue 2, pages 117-140, June.
• Kashif Munir & Nimra Riaz, 2020, "Macroeconomic Effects of Exogenous Fiscal Policy Shocks in Pakistan: A Disaggregated SVAR Analysis," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, volume 233, issue 2, pages 141-165, June.
• Joan Maria Mussons Olivella, 2020, "Fiscal Responsiveness to Public Debt: An Analysis of Regional Debt Limit Uncertainty in Spain," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, volume 233, issue 2, pages 55-83, June.
• Serhiy Bardash & Oksana Novak, 2020, "Identification of the Essence and General Principles of Customs Control," Oblik i finansi, Institute of Accounting and Finance, issue 4, pages 38-44, December.
• Anton Shunevych, 2020, "Excise Tax Fiscal Efficiency as a Component of Optimizing the Indirect Taxation System," Oblik i finansi, Institute of Accounting and Finance, issue 4, pages 82-88, December.
• Avellán, Leopoldo & Galindo, Arturo & Leon-Diaz, John, 2020, "The Role of Institutional Quality on the Effects of Fiscal Stimulus," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 10270, Apr, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002316.
• Catalán-Herrera, Juan Carlos, 2020, "Debt Sustainability in Guatemala: Institutional Arrangement and Quantitative Analysis," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 10652, Sep, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002648.
• Mungroo, Albert & Tjon Kie Sim-Balker, Peggy, 2020, "Fiscal Sustainability Assessment for Suriname 1978-2017: A Fiscal Reaction Function Approach," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 10708, Oct, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002766.
• Lankester Campos, Valerie & Loaiza Marín, Kerry & Monge Badilla, Carlos, 2020, "Primary Balance: Sustainability Analysis under Uncertainty," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 10780, Oct, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002800.
• Khadan, Jeetendra, 2019, "Fiscal Sustainability in the Caribbean: An Econometric Analysis," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 9685, Jul, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001758.
• Ardanaz, Martín & Hallerberg, Mark & Scartascini, Carlos, 2019, "Fiscal Consolidations and Electoral Outcomes in Emerging Economies: Does the Policy Mix Matter?: Macro and Micro Level Evidence from Latin America," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 9747, Aug, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001815.
• Canavire-Bacarreza, Gustavo & Martínez-Vázquez, Jorge & Yedgenov, Bauyrzhan, 2019, "Identifying and Disentangling the Impact of Fiscal Decentralization on Economic Growth," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 9877, Sep, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001899.
• Chai-Thing Tan & Azali Mohamed, 2020, "Monetary Policy Rules In Malaysia, Singapore And Thailand," Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, Bank Indonesia, volume 23, issue 4, pages 565-596, December, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v23i4.
• José Alejandro Fernández Fernández & Virginia Bejarano Vázquez & Juan Antonio Vicente Virseda, 2020, "Clasificación de los Sistemas Fiscales en la OCDE," Revista Actualidad Económica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Instituto de Economía y Finanzas, volume 30, issue 100, pages 45-60, Ene-Abr.
• Ana-Cristina BȂLGĂR, 2020, "The German Model For Management Of The Pandemic Crisis: Good Practice Lessons And Budget Implications Of The Adopted Measures," Euroinfo, Institute for World Economy, Romanian Academy, volume 4, issue 2, pages 51-64, June.
• Virginia CȂMPEANU, 2020, "Eu-27 Health And Economic Crisis: Unprecedented Recovery Plan Proposed By European Commission," Euroinfo, Institute for World Economy, Romanian Academy, volume 4, issue 3, pages 3-13, September.
• Raffaella Giacomini & Toru Kitagawa & Matthew Read, 2020, "Robust Bayesian inference in proxy SVARs," CeMMAP working papers, Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice, Institute for Fiscal Studies, number CWP13/20, Apr.
• Sokbae (Simon) Lee & Yuan Liao & Myung Hwan Seo & Youngki Shin, 2020, "Desperate times call for desperate measures: government spending multipliers in hard times," CeMMAP working papers, Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice, Institute for Fiscal Studies, number CWP29/20, Jun.
• Olivier J Blanchard & Lawrence H. Summers, 2020, "Automatic stabilizers in a low-rate environment," Policy Briefs, Peterson Institute for International Economics, number PB20-2, Mar.
• Kostas Mavromatis, 2020, "Finite Horizons and the Monetary/Fiscal Policy Mix," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, volume 16, issue 4, pages 327-378, September.
• Ms. Marialuz Moreno Badia & Mr. Paulo A Medas & Pranav Gupta & Yuan Xiang, 2020, "Debt Is Not Free," IMF Working Papers, International Monetary Fund, number 2020/001, Jan.
• Alexandra Fotiou & Ms. Wenyi Shen & Susan Yang Shu-Chun, 2020, "The Fiscal State-Dependent Effects of Capital Income Tax Cuts," IMF Working Papers, International Monetary Fund, number 2020/071, May.
• Mr. Bas B. Bakker & Mr. Manuk Ghazanchyan & Alex Ho & Vibha Nanda, 2020, "The Lack of Convergence of Latin-America Compared with CESEE: Is Low Investment to Blame?," IMF Working Papers, International Monetary Fund, number 2020/098, Jun.
• Antoine Levy & Mr. Luca A Ricci & Alejandro M. Werner, 2020, "The Sources of Fiscal Fluctuations," IMF Working Papers, International Monetary Fund, number 2020/220, Oct.
• Eckhard Hein & Ryan Woodgate, 2020, "Stability issues in Kaleckian models driven by autonomous demand growth - Harrodian instability and debt dynamics," FMM Working Paper, IMK at the Hans Boeckler Foundation, Macroeconomic Policy Institute, number 55-2020.
• Jan Priewe, 2020, "Why 60 and 3 percent? European debt and deficit rules - critique and alternatives," IMK Studies, IMK at the Hans Boeckler Foundation, Macroeconomic Policy Institute, number 66-2020.
• Pedro Isidoro González Ramírez & Edgar Gomez Galarza, 2020, "Federalismo fiscal y las asignaciones de transferencias en San Luis Potosí, México," Remef - Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas Nueva Época REMEF (The Mexican Journal of Economics and Finance), Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas, IMEF, volume 15, issue 3, pages 395-413, Julio - S.
• Ashima Goyal, 2020, "Post Covid-19: Recovering and sustaining India's growth," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India, number 2020-016, Apr.
• Tomáš KREMR, 2020, "Management of the Austrian State Economy in the Mid-Twentieth Century. Problems of Macroeconomic Planning in Europe in 1945-1960 with a view to contemporary economic history," Romanian Journal of Economics, Institute of National Economy, volume 51, issue 2(60), pages 50-82, December.
• J. Rodrigo Fuentes & Raimundo Soto & Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel, 2020, "Fiscal Rule and Public Investment in Chile," Documentos de Trabajo, Instituto de Economia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., number 543.
• Hambeleleni Iiyambo & Teresia Kaulihowa, 2020, "An assessment of the relationship between public debt, government expenditure and revenue in Namibia," Public Sector Economics, Institute of Public Finance, volume 44, issue 3, pages 331-353, DOI: 10.3326/pse.44.3.3.
• Sanja Bach, 2020, "Fiscal councils’ impact on promoting transparency and accountability in public finance management," Public Sector Economics, Institute of Public Finance, volume 44, issue 3, pages 355-384, DOI: 10.3326/pse.44.3.4.
• William Nganga Irungu & Julien Chevallier & Simon Wagura Ndiritu, 2020, "Regime Changes and Fiscal Sustainability in Kenya with Comparative Nonlinear Granger Causalities Across East-African Countries," Working Papers, Department of Research, Ipag Business School, number 2020-011, Jan.
• Mendoza-de-Jesús, Albino & Hernández-Santoyo, Juan Carlos & Venegas-Martínez, Francisco, 2020, "Una propuesta de deducción al pago de alimentos para personas físicas como medida de apoyo del gobierno federal para afrontar la incertidumbre económica generada por la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2: Simulación Monte Carlo," Panorama Económico, Escuela Superior de Economía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, volume 16, issue 32, pages 121-150, Segundo s.
• Andrea Conte & Patrizio Lecca & Stylianos Sakkas & Simone Salotti, 2020, "The territorial economic impact of COVID-19 in the EU. A RHOMOLO Analysis," JRC Research Reports, Joint Research Centre, number JRC121261, Jul.
• Victor Nechifor & Emanuele Ferrari & Evelyne Kihiu & Joshua Laichena & Daniel Omanyo & Rogers Musamali & Benson Kiriga, 2020, "COVID-19 impacts and short-term economic recovery in Kenya," JRC Research Reports, Joint Research Centre, number JRC121284, Jul.
• Martin Larch & Eloise Orseau & Wouter Van Der Wielen, 2020, "Do EU Fiscal Rules Support or Hinder Counter-Cyclical Fiscal Policy?," JRC Working Papers on Taxation & Structural Reforms, Joint Research Centre, number 2020-01, Apr.