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School Discipline: A Source Or Salve For The Racial Achievement Gap?

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  • Josh Kinsler

Abstract

Racial disparities in school discipline are believed to contribute to the persistent achievement gap between black and white students. In this article, I estimate the relationship between school discipline and achievement within a structural model, taking into account the spillover effects of disruptive behavior. I find that discipline has an overall positive influence on student performance and that the racial gap in discipline stemming from cross‐school variation in discipline policies is consistent with achievement maximization. Integrating schools can close both the discipline and achievement gaps; however, overall achievement is reduced since schools are less able to target their discipline policies.

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  • Josh Kinsler, 2013. "School Discipline: A Source Or Salve For The Racial Achievement Gap?," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 54(1), pages 355-383, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:iecrev:v:54:y:2013:i:1:p:355-383
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2354.2012.00736.x
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    1. Welsh, Richard O. & Little, Shafiqua, 2018. "Caste and control in schools: A systematic review of the pathways, rates and correlates of exclusion due to school discipline," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 315-339.
    2. Ahn, Tom & Trogdon, Justin G., 2017. "Peer delinquency and student achievement in middle school," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 192-217.
    3. Jabbari, Jason & Johnson, Odis, 2020. "Veering off track in U.S. high schools? Redirecting student trajectories by disrupting punishment and math course-taking tracks," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    4. Richard W. DiSalvo & Jing Che, 2022. "Causal inference on the engagement effects of athletic participation from within‐student variation," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 60(4), pages 1911-1928, October.
    5. Craig, Ashley C & Martin, David, 2023. "Discipline Reform, School Culture, and Student Achievement," IZA Discussion Papers 15906, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    6. Dong, Beidi & Krohn, Marvin D., 2020. "The effects of parental school exclusion on offspring drug use: An intergenerational path analysis," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    7. Cuellar, Alison Evans & Markowitz, Sara, 2015. "School suspension and the school-to-prison pipeline," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 98-106.
    8. Bekkerman, Anton & Gilpin, Gregory A., 2014. "Can equitable punishment be mandated? Estimating impacts of sentencing guidelines on disciplinary disparities," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 51-61.
    9. Gilleskie, Donna B. & Li, Chunxiao, 2022. "The equity of exclusionary school discipline," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    10. Welsh, Richard O., 2023. "Up the down escalator? Examining a decade of school discipline reforms," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    11. Andrew Bacher-Hicks & Stephen B. Billings & David J. Deming, 2019. "The School to Prison Pipeline: Long-Run Impacts of School Suspensions on Adult Crime," NBER Working Papers 26257, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

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