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Revisiting fixed- and random-effects models: some considerations for policy-relevant education research

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  • Paul Clarke
  • Claire Crawford
  • Fiona Steele
  • Anna Vignoles

Abstract

The use of fixed (FE) and random effects (RE) in two-level hierarchical linear regression is discussed in the context of education research. We compare the robustness of FE models with the modelling flexibility and potential efficiency of those from RE models. We argue that the two should be seen as complementary approaches. We then compare both modelling approaches in our empirical examples. Results suggest a negative effect of special educational needs (SEN) status on educational attainment, with selection into SEN status largely driven by pupil level rather than school-level factors.

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  • Paul Clarke & Claire Crawford & Fiona Steele & Anna Vignoles, 2015. "Revisiting fixed- and random-effects models: some considerations for policy-relevant education research," Education Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(3), pages 259-277, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:edecon:v:23:y:2015:i:3:p:259-277
    DOI: 10.1080/09645292.2013.855705
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