IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/compst/v41y2026i1d10.1007_s00180-025-01680-9.html

Measuring spillovers and connectedness in gretl

Author

Listed:
  • Chiara Casoli

    (Università Degli Studi Dell’Insubria, InsIDE Lab, DiEco
    Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei)

  • Luca Pedini

    (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei)

Abstract

This article introduces a new gretl package for computing connectedness measures, as proposed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2009) and extended by Diebold and Yilmaz (2012; 2014, hereafter DY). The h-step ahead connectedness indices, as defined by DY, are based on the variance decomposition, derived from the estimation of a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model. We provide gretl functions for computing static and dynamic connectedness indices. Additionally, we introduce a bootstrap-based technique for detecting statistically significant changes in connectedness, following Greenwood-Nimmo et al. (2024). Finally, we test our procedure by replicating the global stock market returns analysis of Diebold and Yilmaz (2009).

Suggested Citation

  • Chiara Casoli & Luca Pedini, 2026. "Measuring spillovers and connectedness in gretl," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 41(1), pages 1-30, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:compst:v:41:y:2026:i:1:d:10.1007_s00180-025-01680-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s00180-025-01680-9
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00180-025-01680-9
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s00180-025-01680-9?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mert Demirer & Francis X. Diebold & Laura Liu & Kamil Yilmaz, 2018. "Estimating global bank network connectedness," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(1), pages 1-15, January.
    2. Jozef Baruník & Evžen KoÄ enda, 2019. "Total, Asymmetric and Frequency Connectedness between Oil and Forex Markets," The Energy Journal, , vol. 40(2_suppl), pages 157-174, December.
    3. Bastianin, Andrea & Casoli, Chiara & Galeotti, Marzio, 2023. "The connectedness of Energy Transition Metals," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    4. A. Talha Yalta & Allin Cottrell & Paulo C. Rodrigues, 2024. "Computational econometrics with gretl," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 39(7), pages 3493-3495, December.
    5. Tomohiro Ando & Matthew Greenwood-Nimmo & Yongcheol Shin, 2022. "Quantile Connectedness: Modeling Tail Behavior in the Topology of Financial Networks," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(4), pages 2401-2431, April.
    6. repec:aen:journl:ej40-si2-barunik is not listed on IDEAS
    7. Billio, Monica & Getmansky, Mila & Lo, Andrew W. & Pelizzon, Loriana, 2012. "Econometric measures of connectedness and systemic risk in the finance and insurance sectors," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(3), pages 535-559.
    8. Baruník, Jozef & Kočenda, Evžen & Vácha, Lukáš, 2016. "Asymmetric connectedness on the U.S. stock market: Bad and good volatility spillovers," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 55-78.
    9. Francis X. Diebold & Laura Liu & Kamil Yilmaz, 2018. "Commodity Connectedness," Central Banking, Analysis, and Economic Policies Book Series, in: Enrique G. Mendoza & Ernesto Pastén & Diego Saravia (ed.),Monetary Policy and Global Spillovers: Mechanisms, Effects and Policy Measures, edition 1, volume 25, chapter 4, pages 097-136, Central Bank of Chile.
    10. Koop, Gary & Pesaran, M. Hashem & Potter, Simon M., 1996. "Impulse response analysis in nonlinear multivariate models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 74(1), pages 119-147, September.
    11. Mario Maggi & Maria-Laura Torrente & Pierpaolo Uberti, 2020. "Proper measures of connectedness," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 16(4), pages 547-571, December.
    12. Kilian,Lutz & Lütkepohl,Helmut, 2018. "Structural Vector Autoregressive Analysis," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9781107196575.
    13. Matteo Barigozzi & Giuseppe Cavaliere & Graziano Moramarco, 2025. "Factor Network Autoregressions," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(4), pages 1105-1118, October.
    14. Pesaran, H. Hashem & Shin, Yongcheol, 1998. "Generalized impulse response analysis in linear multivariate models," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(1), pages 17-29, January.
    15. Luca Pedini, 2024. "Tips and tricks for Bayesian VAR models in gretl," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 39(7), pages 3579-3597, December.
    16. Bastien Buchwalter & Francis X. Diebold & Kamil Yilmaz, 2025. "Clustered Network Connectedness:A New Measurement Frameworkwith Application to Global Equity Markets," PIER Working Paper Archive 25-009, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania.
    17. Nikolaos Antonakakis & Ioannis Chatziantoniou & David Gabauer, 2020. "Refined Measures of Dynamic Connectedness based on Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressions," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-23, April.
    18. Wen, Tiange & Wang, Gang-Jin, 2020. "Volatility connectedness in global foreign exchange markets," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    19. H. D. Vinod & B. D. McCullough, 1999. "Corrigenda: The Numerical Reliability of Econometric Software," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 37(4), pages 1565-1565, December.
    20. Albrecht, Peter & Kočenda, Evžen, 2024. "Volatility connectedness on the central European forex markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    21. Jozef Baruník & Tomáš Křehlík, 2018. "Measuring the Frequency Dynamics of Financial Connectedness and Systemic Risk," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 16(2), pages 271-296.
    22. Matteo Barigozzi & Christian Brownlees, 2019. "NETS: Network estimation for time series," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(3), pages 347-364, April.
    23. Greenwood-Nimmo, Matthew & Kočenda, Evžen & Nguyen, Viet Hoang, 2024. "Detecting statistically significant changes in connectedness: A bootstrap-based technique," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    24. Mehmet Balcilar & Ojonugwa Usman & Busra Agan, 2024. "On the connectedness of commodity markets: A critical and selective survey of empirical studies and bibliometric analysis," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(1), pages 97-136, February.
    25. Lien, Donald & Zhang, Jiewen & Yu, Xiaojian, 2022. "Effects of economic policy uncertainty: A regime switching connectedness approach," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Andrea Bastianin & Chiara Casoli & Evzen Kocenda & Xiao Li, 2026. "Extreme Connectedness among Energy Transition Metals and Commodity Markets," Working Papers 2026.13, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Andrea Bastianin & Chiara Casoli & Evzen Kocenda & Xiao Li, 2026. "Extreme Connectedness among Energy Transition Metals and Commodity Markets," Working Papers 2026.13, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
    2. Rubaszek, Michał & Szafranek, Karol & Uddin, Gazi Salah, 2025. "Intraday volatility connectedness on the forex market: the role of uncertainty," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    3. Wiesen, Thomas F.P. & Adekoya, Oluwasegun Babatunde & Oliyide, Johnson & Afatsao, Richard, 2024. "Does high volatility increase connectedness? A study of Asian equity markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PB).
    4. Bastianin, Andrea & Casoli, Chiara & Galeotti, Marzio, 2023. "The connectedness of Energy Transition Metals," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    5. Huai, Jingliang & Cheung, Adrian (Wai Kong) & Wang, Bin, 2026. "On completing the connectedness analysis—A bootstrap-based DCC-GARCH approach," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    6. Chen, Huayi & Shi, Huai-Long & Zhou, Wei-Xing, 2024. "Carbon volatility connectedness and the role of external uncertainties: Evidence from China," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 33(C).
    7. Balcilar, Mehmet & Gabauer, David & Umar, Zaghum, 2021. "Crude Oil futures contracts and commodity markets: New evidence from a TVP-VAR extended joint connectedness approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    8. Jonas Krampe & Luca Margaritella, 2024. "Decomposing Global Bank Network Connectedness: What is Common, Idiosyncratic and When?," Papers 2402.02482, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2025.
    9. Huang, Jionghao & Li, Hongqiao & Chen, Baifan & Liu, Mengai & An, Chaofan & Xia, Xiaohua, 2025. "Revisiting the currency-commodity nexus: New insights into the R2 decomposed connectedness and the role of global shocks," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    10. Xiang, Youtao & Borjigin, Sumuya, 2024. "Multilayer networks for measuring interconnectedness among global stock markets through the lens of trading volume-price relationship," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    11. Greenwood-Nimmo, Matthew & Kočenda, Evžen & Nguyen, Viet Hoang, 2024. "Detecting statistically significant changes in connectedness: A bootstrap-based technique," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    12. Gabauer, David & Chatziantoniou, Ioannis & Stenfors, Alexis, 2023. "Model-free connectedness measures," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    13. Albrecht, Peter & Kočenda, Evžen & de Oliveira, Alexandre Silva & Ceretta, Paulo Sergio & Drábek, Michal, 2025. "Event-driven changes in connectedness among commodities and commodity currencies: A quantile, network and probabilistic analysis," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    14. Abakah, Emmanuel Joel Aikins & Brahim, Mariem & Carlotti, Jean-Etienne & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Mensi, Walid, 2024. "Extreme downside risk connectedness and portfolio hedging among the G10 currencies," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    15. Evžen Kočenda & Daniel Bartušek, 2025. "Disentangling Timing Uncertainty of Event‐Driven Connectedness Among Oil‐Based Energy Commodities," Australian Economic Review, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, vol. 58(2), pages 65-90, June.
    16. Padhan, Hemachandra & Kocoglu, Mustafa, 2025. "Analysing a frequency and quantile connectedness spillover dynamics nexus: Metals, grains, and energy markets under economic signals," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    17. Doğan, Buhari & Radulescu, Magdalena & Nassani, Abdelmohsen A. & Mohammed, Kamel S.I. & Benlagha, Noureddine & Baldan, Cristina Florentina, 2025. "Spillovers across the crude oil and major currencies exchange rates using dynamic-quantile-frequency analysis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    18. Al-Nassar, Nassar S. & Assaf, Rima & Chaibi, Anis & Makram, Beljid, 2024. "The nexus between mineral, renewable commodities, and regional stock sectors during health and military crises," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    19. Xu, Danyang & Hu, Yang & Oxley, Les & Lin, Boqiang & He, Yongda, 2025. "Exploring the connectedness between major volatility indexes and worldwide sustainable investments," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    20. Kakran, Shubham & Bajaj, Parminder Kaur & Pandey, Dharen Kumar & Kumar, Ashish, 2025. "Interconnectedness and return spillover among APEC currency exchange rates: A time-frequency analysis," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(PA).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:compst:v:41:y:2026:i:1:d:10.1007_s00180-025-01680-9. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.