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Zmiany struktury zatrudnienia kobiet w Polsce w latach 2000–2013

Author

Listed:
  • Paweł Strawiński
  • Aleksandra Majchrowska
  • Paulina Broniatowska

Abstract

Celem artykułu jest analiza zawodowej i sektorowej segregacji kobiet na polskim rynku pracy w latach 2000–2013. Przeprowadzono analizę stopnia segregacji kobiet w przekroju wielkich i dużych grup zawodowych oraz w przekroju sekcji PKD. Podjęto też próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy istotny wzrost liczby kobiet z wyższym wykształceniem na polskim rynku pracy przełożył się na zmiany ich struktury zatrudnienia. Przeprowadzone badania wskazują na występowanie zjawiska segregacji zawodowej i sektorowej w Polsce. Struktura zatrudnienia w Polsce wskazuje na dominację kobiet w zawodach i sekcjach uważanych za bardziej kobiece (opieka zdrowotna, edukacja) a dominację mężczyzn w zawodach i sektorach wymagających większego wysiłku fizycznego (budownictwo). Wydaje się zatem, że w dużym stopniu istniejący podział nie jest wynikiem dyskryminacji, a odzwierciedleniem zarówno psychofizycznych, jak i kulturowych uwarunkowań związanych z zatrudnianiem kobiet i mężczyzn. Wejście na rynek pracy dużej liczby kobiet z wyższym poziomem wykształcenia spowodowało wzrost odsetka kobiet pracujących w grupach wymagających wyższych kwalifikacji zawodowych oraz na stanowiskach kierowniczych. Jednocześnie można wskazać na dalszy wzrost koncentracji zatrudnienia kobiet w zawodach i sekcjach sfeminizowanych, a zatrudnienia mężczyzn w zawodach i sekcjach zmaskulinizowanych.

Suggested Citation

  • Paweł Strawiński & Aleksandra Majchrowska & Paulina Broniatowska, 2016. "Zmiany struktury zatrudnienia kobiet w Polsce w latach 2000–2013," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 1, pages 73-97.
    • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2016:i:1:p:73-97
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Juan J. Dolado & Florentino Felgueroso & Juan F. Jimeno., "undated". "Recent Trends in Occupational Segregation by Gender: A Look Across the Atlantic," Working Papers 2002-11, FEDEA.
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    3. Stiglitz, Joseph E, 1973. "Approaches to the Economics of Discrimination," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 63(2), pages 287-295, May.
    4. Alan Manning & Joanna Swaffield, 2008. "The gender gap in early‐career wage growth," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 118(530), pages 983-1024, July.
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    JEL classification:

    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J82 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Standards - - - Labor Force Composition

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