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Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and related factors: A cross-sectional analysis from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Author

Listed:
  • Yasuaki Saijo
  • Eiji Yoshioka
  • Yukihiro Sato
  • Yuki Kunori
  • Tomoko Kanaya
  • Kentaro Nakanishi
  • Yasuhito Kato
  • Ken Nagaya
  • Satoru Takahashi
  • Yoshiya Ito
  • Hiroyoshi Iwata
  • Takeshi Yamaguchi
  • Chihiro Miyashita
  • Sachiko Itoh
  • Reiko Kishi
  • the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Group

Abstract

Socioeconomic status and smoking are reportedly associated with underweight and obesity; however, their associations among pregnant women are unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether socioeconomic factors, namely educational attainment, household income, marital status, and employment status, were associated with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) categories, including severe-moderate underweight (BMI ≤ 16.9 kg/m2), mild underweight (BMI, 17.0–18.4 kg/m2), overweight (BMI, 25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) among Japanese pregnant women using data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS). In total, pregnant women were included 96,751. Age- and parity-adjusted multivariable multinomial logistic regression analyses assessed socioeconomic factors and smoking associations with falling within abnormal BMI categories (normal BMI as the reference group). Lower education and lower household were associated with overweight and obesity, and, especially, lowest education and household income had relatively higher point estimate relative ratios (RRs) of 3.97 and 2.84, respectively. Regarding the risks for underweight, however, only junior high school education had a significantly higher RR for severely to moderately underweight. Regarding occupational status, homemakers or the unemployed had a higher RR for severe-moderate underweight, overweight, and obesity. Unmarried, divorced, or bereaved women had significantly higher RRs for mildly underweight status. Quitting smoking early in pregnancy/still smoking had higher RRs for all four not having normal BMI outcomes; however, quitting smoking before pregnancy had a higher RR only for obese individuals. Lower educational attainment and smoking are essential intervention targets for obesity and severe-moderate underweight prevention in younger women. Lower household income is also a necessary target for obesity.

Suggested Citation

  • Yasuaki Saijo & Eiji Yoshioka & Yukihiro Sato & Yuki Kunori & Tomoko Kanaya & Kentaro Nakanishi & Yasuhito Kato & Ken Nagaya & Satoru Takahashi & Yoshiya Ito & Hiroyoshi Iwata & Takeshi Yamaguchi & Ch, 2024. "Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and related factors: A cross-sectional analysis from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(6), pages 1-13, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0304844
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304844
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Nicole Darmon & Adam Drewnowski, 2015. "Contribution of food prices and diet cost to socioeconomic disparities in diet quality and health: a systematic review and analysis," Post-Print hal-01774670, HAL.
    4. Morris, Stephen, 2006. "Body mass index and occupational attainment," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 25(2), pages 347-364, March.
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