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Foglalkoztatás és iskolázottság Magyarországon
[Employment and educational attainment in Hungary]

Author

Listed:
  • Kertesi, Gábor
  • Varga, Júlia

Abstract

A tanulmány a magyarországi alacsony foglalkoztatási szint iskolázottsággal összefüggő okait vizsgálja. A kiindulópont: a népesség iskolai végzettség szerinti összetétele nemzetközi összehasonlításban. Az összehasonlítást alapvetően megnehezítik a magyar iskolarendszer egyes fokozatainak besorolási bizonytalanságai. Nyomós tartalmi okok szólnak amellett, hogy a hazai szakmunkásképző/szakiskolai végzettséget a felső-középfoknál alacsonyabb végzettségi kategóriába soroljuk. Ilyen osztályozás mellett a magyarországi népesség iskolázottsága 2001-ben - a kilencvenes évek nagymérvű iskolázási expanziója ellenére is - jelentősen elmarad a EUországok átlagától. Az alacsony iskolázottságúak még mindig igen magas aránya döntően arra vezethető vissza, hogy a nyolcvanas évek közepétől megtört az a hosszú távú trend, amely a hetvenes évek eleje óta évről évre folyamatosan csökkentette az egy születési évjáratból a nagyon alacsony iskolázottsági szinten megrekedt népesség arányát. Az iskoláztatási expanzió megállt a szegény néprétegeknél. A foglalkoztatási lemaradás zöme abból adódik, hogy bajok vannak az alacsony iskolázottságú munkaerő foglalkoztatásával: az EU átlagához képest túl sokan vannak, és rosszabbul is foglalkoztathatók. A tanulmány korábbi ismeretekre és néhány új érvre támaszkodva igyekszik eloszlatni azokat az aggodalmakat, amelyek szerint Magyarországon az érettségit adó középiskolákban és a felsőoktatásban fölösleges túlképzés folyna. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: I21, J21, J24.

Suggested Citation

  • Kertesi, Gábor & Varga, Júlia, 2005. "Foglalkoztatás és iskolázottság Magyarországon [Employment and educational attainment in Hungary]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(7), pages 633-662.
    • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:775
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kertesi, Gábor, 2000. "Ingázás a falusi Magyarországon. Egy megoldatlan probléma [Commuting in rural Hungary. An unresolved problem]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(10), pages 775-798.
    2. Esther Duflo, 2001. "Schooling and Labor Market Consequences of School Construction in Indonesia: Evidence from an Unusual Policy Experiment," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 91(4), pages 795-813, September.
    3. Hermann, Zoltán, 2005. "A helyi munkaerőpiac hatása a középfokú továbbtanulási döntésekre [The local labour markets effect on decisions to enter secondary-level education]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(1), pages 39-60.
    4. Galasi, Péter, 2004. "Túlképzés, alulképzés és bérhozam a magyar munkaerőpiacon, 1994-2002 [Over-education, under-education and wage premiums on the Hungarian labour market, 1994-2002]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(5), pages 449-471.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Tésits Róbert & Alpek Levente & Hoványi Gábor, 2019. "Some Experience of the Complex, National Human Resource Development Programmes in the Hungarian Rural Regions," Eastern European Countryside, Sciendo, vol. 25(1), pages 95-119, December.
    2. Makó, Ágnes, 2015. "A szakképzett pályakezdők munkaerő-piaci helyzete és elhelyezkedési esélyei [The labour-market position of qualified starters and their chances of finding a job]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(5), pages 502-524.
    3. Zsombor Cseres-Gergely, 2007. "Inactivity in Hungary - the persistent effect of the pension system," Budapest Working Papers on the Labour Market 0701, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies.
    4. Vékás, Péter, 2015. "Az egyéni munkaerő-piaci aktivitás becslése mikroszimulációs modellkeretben [Estimating individual labor market activity in Hungary in a microsimulation framework]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(12), pages 1291-1308.
    5. Kertesi, Gábor & Kézdi, Gábor, 2012. "A roma és nem roma tanulók teszteredményei közti különbségekről és e különbségek okairól [The Roma/non-Roma test-score gap in Hungarian education]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(7), pages 798-853.
    6. Kerekes Kinga & Pakucs Bernadett, 2013. "Occupational Choices of Romanian Rural Youth," Eastern European Countryside, Sciendo, vol. 19, pages 57-76, December.
    7. Makó, Ágnes, 2019. "A közismereti tudás és az elkötelezettség hatása a szakiskolát végzettek munkaerőpiaci esélyeire [General knowledge and commitment as factors in the labour-market chances of those completing vocati," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(4), pages 434-458.
    8. SÁNTA Ádám Kálmán & KOZMÁNÉ CSIRMAZ Éva, 2020. "Employment-Related Habits Among Students Majoring In Tourism At The University Of Debrecen," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, vol. 1(1), pages 109-121, July.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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