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What determines the level of informal venture finance investment? Market clearing forces and gender effects

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  • Andrew Burke
  • André Stel
  • Chantal Hartog
  • Abdel Ichou

Abstract

We undertake the first research to move analysis beyond estimating the propensity for a person to become an informal investor and onto the core concern which is the total volume of venture finance. We find that a 1 % increase in entrepreneurial activity increases the number of informal investors by 1.7 %. However, the average invested amount declines by 0.8 %, leading to a net positive total increase of about 0.9 %. This result indicates that, to a considerable extent, demand for informal investment creates its own supply. As a result, the research finds that market forces help solve finance constraints for new ventures and hence lessen the need for public policy intervention. This effect is stronger for males than females. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014

Suggested Citation

  • Andrew Burke & André Stel & Chantal Hartog & Abdel Ichou, 2014. "What determines the level of informal venture finance investment? Market clearing forces and gender effects," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 42(3), pages 467-484, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:sbusec:v:42:y:2014:i:3:p:467-484
    DOI: 10.1007/s11187-013-9518-4
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    Cited by:

    1. Honjo, Yuji & Ikeuchi, Kenta & Nakamura, Hiroki, 2024. "Does risk aversion affect individuals’ interests and actions in angel investing? Empirical evidence from Japan," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    2. Fei Qin & Tomasz Mickiewicz & Saul Estrin, 2022. "Homophily and peer influence in early-stage new venture informal investment," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 59(1), pages 93-116, June.
    3. Shane, Scott & Drover, Will & Clingingsmith, David & Cerf, Moran, 2020. "Founder passion, neural engagement and informal investor interest in startup pitches: An fMRI study," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 35(4).
    4. Elert, Niklas & Henrekson, Magnus, 2021. "Innovative Entrepreneurship as a Collaborative Effort: An Institutional Framework," Foundations and Trends(R) in Entrepreneurship, now publishers, vol. 17(4), pages 330-435, June.
    5. Mohd Yasir Arafat & Javed Ali & Amit Kumar Dwivedi & Imran Saleem, 2020. "Social and Cognitive Aspects of Women Entrepreneurs: Evidence from India," Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, , vol. 45(4), pages 223-239, December.
    6. Malin Malmström & Jeaneth Johansson & Joakim Wincent, 2017. "Gender Stereotypes and Venture Support Decisions: How Governmental Venture Capitalists Socially Construct Entrepreneurs’ Potential," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 41(5), pages 833-860, September.
    7. Kim Klyver & Noel J. Lindsay & Suleiman K. “Sul” Kassicieh & Gary Hancock, 2017. "Altruistic investment decision behavior in early-stage ventures," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 48(1), pages 135-152, January.
    8. Voitkane, Aija & Johansson, Jeaneth & Malmström, Malin & Wincent, Joakim, 2019. "How much does the “same-gender effect” matter in VCs' assessments of entrepreneurs?," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 12(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Informal investment; Venture finance; Female entrepreneurship; Female business angels; Gender; Global Entrepreneurship Monitor; G19; G21; L26; M13;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G19 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Other
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • L26 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Entrepreneurship
    • M13 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - New Firms; Startups

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