IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jagris/v10y2020i8p351-d398123.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Risk Management Strategies to Cope Catastrophic Risks in Agriculture: The Case of Contract Farming, Diversification and Precautionary Savings

Author

Listed:
  • K M Mehedi Adnan

    (College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
    Department of Agricultural Finance & Banking, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh)

  • Liu Ying

    (College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
    Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China)

  • Zeraibi Ayoub

    (School of Economics and Finance, Xi’an Jiao-Tong University, Xi’an 710049, China)

  • Swati Anindita Sarker

    (School of Economics & Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
    Department of Agricultural Economics, EXIM Bank Agricultural University Bangladesh, Chapainawabganj 6300, Bangladesh)

  • Rashid Menhas

    (School of Physical Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China)

  • Feiyu Chen

    (School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China)

  • Man (Mark) Yu

    (Department of Agriculture and Consumer Science, Box: T0040, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX 76402, USA)

Abstract

Risk management is an essential way for farmers to reduce uncertainty. In this research, a stratified random sampling method was used to survey 350 maize farmers in four different agro-ecological regions in Bangladesh. Using the multivariate probit model, this study explored the possible correlation between farmers’ perceptions of catastrophic risks and their attitudes towards risk sources—as well as the possible correlation between contract farming, diversification and precautionary savings as risk management strategies. The results confirm the relevance of risk management adoption decisions and reveal that the use of one risk management tool may simultaneously influence the use of another risk management tool. In addition, the research results also show that age, education level, extension experience, monthly household income, farming areas, land ownership and risk aversion nature are the most important factors that affect the adoption of risk management strategies. The research results provide further explanation and information and provide a platform for decision-makers to predict appropriate risk management strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • K M Mehedi Adnan & Liu Ying & Zeraibi Ayoub & Swati Anindita Sarker & Rashid Menhas & Feiyu Chen & Man (Mark) Yu, 2020. "Risk Management Strategies to Cope Catastrophic Risks in Agriculture: The Case of Contract Farming, Diversification and Precautionary Savings," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:10:y:2020:i:8:p:351-:d:398123
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/10/8/351/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/10/8/351/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Z. Bar‐Shira & R.E. Just & D. Zilberman, 1997. "Estimation of farmers' risk attitude: an econometric approach," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 17(2-3), pages 211-222, December.
    2. Marilou P. Lucas & Isabelita M. Pabuayon, 2011. "Risk Perceptions, Attitudes, and Influential Factors of Rainfed Lowland Rice Farmers in Ilocos Norte, Philippines," Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development, Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), vol. 8(2), pages 61-78, December.
    3. Deressa, Temesgen Tadesse & Ringler, Claudia & Hassan, Rashid M., 2010. "Factors affecting the choices of coping strategies for climate extremes: The case of farmers in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia," IFPRI discussion papers 1032, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    4. Wainaina, Priscilla W. & Okello, Julius Juma & Nzuma, Jonathan M., 2012. "Impact of Contract Farming on Smallholder Poultry Farmers' Income in Kenya," 2012 Conference, August 18-24, 2012, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil 126196, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    5. Moschini, Giancarlo & Hennessy, David A., 2001. "Uncertainty, risk aversion, and risk management for agricultural producers," Handbook of Agricultural Economics, in: B. L. Gardner & G. C. Rausser (ed.), Handbook of Agricultural Economics, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 2, pages 88-153, Elsevier.
    6. Joshi, P.K. & Gulati, Ashok & Birthal, Pratap S. & Tewari, Laxmi, 2003. "Agriculture diversification in South Asia," MSSD discussion papers 57, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    7. Ashok K. Mishra & Hung‐Hao Chang, 2009. "Factors affecting precautionary savings of self‐employed farm households," Agricultural Finance Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 69(3), pages 300-313, November.
    8. Stefan Dercon, 2002. "Income Risk, Coping Strategies, and Safety Nets," The World Bank Research Observer, World Bank, vol. 17(2), pages 141-166, September.
    9. Velandia, Margarita & Rejesus, Roderick M. & Knight, Thomas O. & Sherrick, Bruce J., 2009. "Factors Affecting Farmers' Utilization of Agricultural Risk Management Tools: The Case of Crop Insurance, Forward Contracting, and Spreading Sales," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 41(1), pages 107-123, April.
    10. Anton, Jesus & Kimura, Shingo, 2009. "Farm Level Analysis of Risk, and Risk Management Strategies and Policies: Evidence from German Crop Farms," 2009 Conference, August 16-22, 2009, Beijing, China 51729, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    11. Greiner, Romy & Patterson, Louisa & Miller, Owen, 2009. "Motivations, risk perceptions and adoption of conservation practices by farmers," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 99(2-3), pages 86-104, February.
    12. Lucas, Marilou P. & Pabuayon, Isabelita M., 2011. "Risk Perceptions, Attitudes, and Influential Factors of Rainfed Lowland Rice Farmers in Ilocos Norte, Philippines," Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development, Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), vol. 8(2), pages 1-17, December.
    13. Fawole, Pippy & Thomas, Kehinde A., 2011. "Effects of Contract Farming Scheme on Cassava Production Enterprise in Oyo State, Nigeria," Journal of Rural Economics and Development, University of Ibadan, Department of Agricultural Economics, vol. 20, pages 1-7, June.
    14. Miyata, Sachiko & Minot, Nicholas & Hu, Dinghuan, 2009. "Impact of Contract Farming on Income: Linking Small Farmers, Packers, and Supermarkets in China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 37(11), pages 1781-1790, November.
    15. Haque, T., 2000. "Contractual Arrangements in Land and Labour Markets in Rural India," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 55(3), September.
    16. Bellemare, Marc F., 2012. "As You Sow, So Shall You Reap: The Welfare Impacts of Contract Farming," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 40(7), pages 1418-1434.
    17. Mishra, Ashok K. & El-Osta, Hisham S., 2002. "Risk Management Through Enterprise Diversification: A Farm-Level Analysis," 2002 Annual meeting, July 28-31, Long Beach, CA 19711, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    18. Wencong Lu & Abdul Latif & Raza Ullah, 2017. "Simultaneous adoption of contract farming and off-farm diversification for managing agricultural risks: the case of flue-cured Virginia tobacco in Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 86(3), pages 1347-1361, April.
    19. Harwood, Joy L. & Heifner, Richard G. & Coble, Keith H. & Perry, Janet E. & Somwaru, Agapi, 1999. "Managing Risk in Farming: Concepts, Research, and Analysis," Agricultural Economic Reports 34081, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    20. Sarker, Swati Anindita & Wang, Shouyang & Adnan, K.M. Mehedi & Sattar, M. Nahid, 2020. "Economic feasibility and determinants of biogas technology adoption: Evidence from Bangladesh," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    21. Jensen, Farrell E. & Pope, Rulon D., 2004. "Agricultural Precautionary Wealth," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 29(1), pages 1-14, April.
    22. Jessica Mercer, 2010. "Disaster risk reduction or climate change adaptation: Are we reinventing the wheel?," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 22(2), pages 247-264.
    23. Farhad Zulfiqar & Raza Ullah & Muhammad Abid & Abid Hussain, 2016. "Cotton production under risk: a simultaneous adoption of risk coping tools," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 84(2), pages 959-974, November.
    24. K. J. Arrow, 1964. "The Role of Securities in the Optimal Allocation of Risk-bearing," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 31(2), pages 91-96.
    25. Swati Anindita Sarker & Shouyang Wang & K M Mehedi Adnan & Muhammad Khalid Anser & Zeraibi Ayoub & Thu Hau Ho & Riffat Ara Zannat Tama & Anna Trunina & Md Mahmudul Hoque, 2020. "Economic Viability and Socio-Environmental Impacts of Solar Home Systems for Off-Grid Rural Electrification in Bangladesh," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-15, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Rokhania & Rondhi, Mohammad & Kuntadi, Ebban Bagus & Suwandari, Anik & Yanuarti, Rizky & Khasan, Ahmad Fatikhul & Mori, Yasuhiro & Kondoca, Takumi, 2023. "Impact of Contract Farming on the Technical Efficiency of Broiler Farmers in Indonesia," Economia agro-alimentare / Food Economy, Italian Society of Agri-food Economics/Società Italiana di Economia Agro-Alimentare (SIEA), vol. 25(1), April.
    2. Ruining Li & Yanli Yu, 2022. "Impacts of Green Production Behaviors on the Income Effect of Rice Farmers from the Perspective of Outsourcing Services: Evidence from the Rice Region in Northwest China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-27, October.
    3. Luigi Biagini & Simone Severini, 2022. "How Does the Farmer Strike a Balance between Income and Risk across Inputs? An Application in Italian Field Crop Farms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-15, December.
    4. Shahab E. Saqib & Arifullah Arifullah & Muhammad Yaseen, 2021. "Managing farm-centric risks in agricultural production at the flood-prone locations of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 107(1), pages 853-871, May.
    5. P.V. Viswanath, 2021. "Connectivity and Savings Propensity among Odisha Tribals," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-15, January.
    6. Agnieszka Strzelecka & Danuta Zawadzka, 2023. "Savings as a Source of Financial Energy on the Farm—What Determines the Accumulation of Savings by Agricultural Households? Model Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-18, January.
    7. Mohammad Rondhi & Ebban Bagus Kuntadi & Anik Suwandari & Rizky Yanuarti & Ahmad Fatikhul Khasan & Yasuhiro Mori & Takumi Kondo, 2023. "Impact of Contract Farming on the Technical Efficiency of Broiler Farmers in Indonesia," Economia agro-alimentare, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 25(1), pages 35-55.
    8. Brune, Sara & Vilá, Olivia & Knollenberg, Whitney, 2023. "Family farms' resilience under the COVID-19 crisis: Challenges and opportunities with agritourism," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    9. Jamal Shah & Majed Alharthi, 2022. "The Association between Farmers’ Psychological Factors and Their Choice to Adopt Risk Management Strategies: The Case of Pakistan," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-24, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. K M Mehedi Adnan & Liu Ying & Swati Anindita Sarker & Muhammad Hafeez & Amar Razzaq & Muhammad Haseeb Raza, 2018. "Adoption of Contract Farming and Precautionary Savings to Manage the Catastrophic Risk of Maize Farming: Evidence from Bangladesh," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-19, December.
    2. Wencong Lu & Abdul Latif & Raza Ullah, 2017. "Simultaneous adoption of contract farming and off-farm diversification for managing agricultural risks: the case of flue-cured Virginia tobacco in Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 86(3), pages 1347-1361, April.
    3. Jamal Shah & Majed Alharthi, 2022. "The Association between Farmers’ Psychological Factors and Their Choice to Adopt Risk Management Strategies: The Case of Pakistan," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-24, March.
    4. Raza Ullah & Ganesh P. Shivakoti & Farhad Zulfiqar & Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal & Ashfaq Ahmad Shah, 2017. "Disaster risk management in agriculture: tragedies of the smallholders," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 87(3), pages 1361-1375, July.
    5. Dilshad Ahmad & Muhammad Afzal & Abdur Rauf, 2019. "Analysis of wheat farmers’ risk perceptions and attitudes: evidence from Punjab, Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 95(3), pages 845-861, February.
    6. Muhammad Farhan & Muhammad Asim Yasin & Khuda Bakhsh & Rafaqet Ali & Sami Ullah & Saad Munir, 2022. "Determinants of risk attitude and risk perception under changing climate among farmers in Punjab, Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 114(2), pages 2163-2176, November.
    7. Larsen, Ryan A. & Mjelde, James W. & Klinefelter, Danny A. & Wolfley, Jared L., 2009. "Geographical Diversification in Agriculture: An Applied Case to Western U.S. Wheat Growers," 2009 Annual Meeting, January 31-February 3, 2009, Atlanta, Georgia 46819, Southern Agricultural Economics Association.
    8. Robert Finger & Nadja El Benni, 2012. "A Note on Price Risks in Swiss Crop Production – Empirical Results and Comparisons with other Countries," Journal of Socio-Economics in Agriculture (Until 2015: Yearbook of Socioeconomics in Agriculture), Swiss Society for Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, vol. 5(1), pages 131-151.
    9. Ba, Hélène A. & de Mey, Yann & Thoron, Sylvie & Demont, Matty, 2019. "Inclusiveness of contract farming along the vertical coordination continuum: Evidence from the Vietnamese rice sector," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    10. Anh Tru Nguyen & Janet Dzator & Andrew Nadolny, 2018. "Contract farming, agriculture productivity and poverty reduction: evidence from tea estates in Viet Nam," Asia-Pacific Sustainable Development Journal, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), vol. 25(1), pages 109-145, June.
    11. Sudha Narayanan, 2012. "The Heterogeneous welfare impacts of participation in contract farming schemes: Evidence from Southern India," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2012-019, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    12. Kumar, Anjani & Mishra, Ashok K. & Saroj, Sunil & Joshi, P.K., 2019. "Impact of traditional versus modern dairy value chains on food security: Evidence from India’s dairy sector," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 260-270.
    13. Shoaib Akhtar & Azhar Abbas & Muhammad Amjed Iqbal & Muhammad Rizwan & Abdus Samie & Muhammad Faisal & Jam Ghulam Murtaza Sahito, 2021. "What Determines the Uptake of Multiple Tools to Mitigate Agricultural Risks among Hybrid Maize Growers in Pakistan? Findings from Field-Level Data," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-13, June.
    14. Awlad Hosen Sagar & Md Abu Bakkar Siddik & Rubayet Hasan, 2020. "The Determinants of Risk-Sharing Strategies of Food-Retailers: A Study on Chittagong, Bangladesh," International Journal of Financial Research, International Journal of Financial Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 11(6), pages 337-347, December.
    15. MacNicol, R. & Ortmann, Gerald F. & Ferrer, Stuart R.D., 2008. "Management decisions on commercial sugarcane farms in KwaZulu-Natal: a focus on choice bracketing behaviour for risk management," Agrekon, Agricultural Economics Association of South Africa (AEASA), vol. 47(1), pages 1-24, March.
    16. Sudip Adhikari & Aditya R. Khanal, 2021. "Economic Sustainability and Multiple Risk Management Strategies: Examining Interlinked Decisions of Small American Farms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-13, February.
    17. Narayanan, Sudha, 2014. "Profits from participation in high value agriculture: Evidence of heterogeneous benefits in contract farming schemes in Southern India," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 142-157.
    18. Adu-Gyamfi Poku & Regina Birner & Saurabh Gupta, 2018. "Making Contract Farming Arrangements Work in Africa’s Bioeconomy: Evidence from Cassava Outgrower Schemes in Ghana," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-21, May.
    19. Susanne Väth & Michael Kirk, 2014. "Do property rights and contract farming matter for rural development? Evidence from a large-scale investment in Ghana," MAGKS Papers on Economics 201416, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
    20. Benali, Marwan & Brümmer, Bernhard & Afari-Sefa, Victor, 2017. "Small producer participation in export vegetable supply chains and poverty: evidence from different export schemes in Tanzania," GlobalFood Discussion Papers 262583, Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen, GlobalFood, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:10:y:2020:i:8:p:351-:d:398123. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.