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Vulnerability, Income Growth and Climate Change

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  • WARD, PATRICK
  • SHIVELY, GERALD

Abstract

Cross-country data on energy consumption, per capita gross domestic product (GDP), and a social vulnerability index are used to measure changes in vulnerability associated with changes in per capita GDP and per capita energy consumption. Energy consumption, through its non-linear effect on per capita income, reduces a country’s overall vulnerability by a greater amount at moderate incomes than at low or high incomes. An implication is that policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions in developing countries are unlikely to significantly affect vulnerability to the risks arising from climate change, especially at very low incomes.

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  • Ward, Patrick & Shively, Gerald, 2012. "Vulnerability, Income Growth and Climate Change," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 40(5), pages 916-927.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:40:y:2012:i:5:p:916-927
    DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.11.015
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    5. Richard S. J. Tol, 2022. "State capacity and vulnerability to natural disasters," Chapters, in: Mark Skidmore (ed.), Handbook on the Economics of Disasters, chapter 20, pages 434-457, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    6. Baarsch, Florent & Granadillos, Jessie R. & Hare, William & Knaus, Maria & Krapp, Mario & Schaeffer, Michiel & Lotze-Campen, Hermann, 2020. "The impact of climate change on incomes and convergence in Africa," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
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    8. Leimbach, Marian & Roming, Niklas & Schultes, Anselm & Schwerhoff, Gregor, 2018. "Long-Term Development Perspectives of Sub-Saharan Africa under Climate Policies," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 148-159.
    9. Naqvi, Asjad & Monasterolo, Irene, 2019. "Natural Disasters, Cascading Losses, and Economic Complexity: A Multi-layer Behavioral Network Approach," Ecological Economic Papers 24, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
    10. Alam, Ashraful & Du, Anna Min & Rahman, Mahfuzur & Yazdifar, Hassan & Abbasi, Kaleemullah, 2022. "SMEs respond to climate change: Evidence from developing countries," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
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