Investigating the role of green mobility in coupling coordination of urbanization and ecological environment: Evidence from high-speed rail accessibility

High-speed rail (HSR) represents a significant advancement in low-carbon transportation, offering both efficiency and environmental benefits. This study delves into the impact of HSR on coupling coordination of urbanization and ecological environment (CCUEE) in China, utilizing a comprehensive dataset from 284 cities spanning from 2005 to 2021. Through the application of interdisciplinary approaches, the difference-in-differences method in econometric, and social network analysis in sociology, the research uncovers that HSR markedly enhances CCUEE. The underlying mechanisms include the concentration of technology resources and improved labor mobility, which collectively bolster CCUEE. The benefits of HSR are notably pronounced in eastern regions, as well as in large cities, and non-resource-based cities. Conversely, in declining resource cities, HSR may intensify the “Matthew effect,” potentially exacerbating existing disparities. Additionally, from a network perspective, the breadth and depth of HSR connections significantly amplify its positive impact on CCUEE. These findings offer crucial insights into how low-carbon transportation infrastructure can advance CCUEE, providing valuable guidance for policymakers striving to implement effective urban policies and promote CCUEE through green transportation initiatives.