IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/transa/v119y2019icp148-161.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Using HLM to investigate the relationship between traffic accident risk of private vehicles and public transportation

Author

Listed:
  • Chen, Tzu-Ying
  • Jou, Rong-Chang

Abstract

Public transportation is relatively safe and secure, although less convenient than private modes of transport. However, current trends indicate that, by 2030, road traffic injuries will be the fifth leading cause of death globally. This study proposes an approach for identifying hidden contributors to traffic risk in the major metropolitan cities of Taiwan. Our purpose is to offer a comprehensive econometrical framework, using Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM), which highlights important contributors to traffic accident risk at different levels of injuries for public transportation. Four models underlying HLM are used to characterize the traffic accident risk. Our empirical results indicate that random intercept and random slope with interaction of HLM (model 4) is the best model. In addition, there are significant regional differences in traffic accident risk depending on the use of public and private transportation, the length of bus routes, daily average number of bus frequency per route, gender, driving habits, and behaviour. Results show that, when the length of bus routes increases by 50% in a city with well-developed infrastructure, such as Taipei, the accident risk would reduce the crash risk from 1.66 to 1.43 (decreases by 0.23), corresponding to 3450 casualties, and the total accident expense can be reduced by NT$1US$1 = NT$30.13 billion. If daily average number of bus frequency per route in Taichung increases by 50%, there are almost 3000 fewer casualties, and the accident expense decreases by NT$9.6 billion. The results of this study provide suggestions to the government that developing public transportation can effectively decrease road traffic accident risk and accident expense.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Tzu-Ying & Jou, Rong-Chang, 2019. "Using HLM to investigate the relationship between traffic accident risk of private vehicles and public transportation," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 148-161.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transa:v:119:y:2019:i:c:p:148-161
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2018.11.005
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965856417306444
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.tra.2018.11.005?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Leigh Burstein & Robert L. Linn & Frank J. Capell, 1978. "Analyzing Multilevel Data in the Presence of Heterogeneous Within-Class Regressions," Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, , vol. 3(4), pages 347-383, December.
    2. Bardal, Kjersti Granås & Jørgensen, Finn, 2017. "Valuing the risk and social costs of road traffic accidents – Seasonal variation and the significance of delay costs," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 10-19.
    3. Tom A. B. Snijders & Roel J. Bosker, 1994. "Modeled Variance in Two-Level Models," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 22(3), pages 342-363, February.
    4. Lu, Shyi-Min, 2016. "A low-carbon transport infrastructure in Taiwan based on the implementation of energy-saving measures," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 499-509.
    5. Van Acker, Veronique & Derudder, Ben & Witlox, Frank, 2013. "Why people use their cars while the built environment imposes cycling," The Journal of Transport and Land Use, Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota, vol. 6(1), pages 53-62.
    6. Judith D. Singer, 1998. "Using SAS PROC MIXED to Fit Multilevel Models, Hierarchical Models, and Individual Growth Models," Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, , vol. 23(4), pages 323-355, December.
    7. Jou, Rong-Chang & Chen, Tzu-Ying, 2014. "Factors affecting public transportation, car, and motorcycle usage," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 186-198.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Weifan Zhong & Lijing Du, 2023. "Predicting Traffic Casualties Using Support Vector Machines with Heuristic Algorithms: A Study Based on Collision Data of Urban Roads," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-18, February.
    2. Bakare, Bukola & Motuba, Diomo & Szmerekovsky, Joseph, 2022. "Do corporate social responsibility ratings have any effect on traffic congestion?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 98-119.
    3. Gu, Shuang & Li, Keping & Feng, Tao & Yan, Dongyang & Liu, Yanyan, 2022. "The prediction of potential risk path in railway traffic events," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    4. Ha, Jaehyun & Lee, Sugie & Ko, Joonho, 2020. "Unraveling the impact of travel time, cost, and transit burdens on commute mode choice for different income and age groups," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 147-166.
    5. Yu, Chenyang & Tan, Yuanfang & Zhou, Yu & Zang, Chuanxiang & Tu, Chenglin, 2022. "Can functional urban specialization improve industrial energy efficiency? Empirical evidence from China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PA).
    6. Wang, Chunli & Jiang, Qun'ou & Engel, Bernard & Mercado, Johann Alexander Vera & Zhang, Zhonghui, 2020. "Analysis on net primary productivity change of forests and its multi–level driving mechanism – A case study in Changbai Mountains in Northeast China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    7. Huang, Wencheng & Zhang, Yue & Yin, Dezhi & Zuo, Borui & Liu, Zhanru, 2021. "Urban bus accident analysis: based on a Tropos Goal Risk-Accident Framework considering Learning From Incidents process," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    8. Marjana Čubranić-Dobrodolac & Libor Švadlenka & Svetlana Čičević & Aleksandar Trifunović & Momčilo Dobrodolac, 2020. "Using the Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Inference Systems to Compare the Impact of Speed and Space Perception on the Occurrence of Road Traffic Accidents," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-19, September.
    9. Mireille Megnidio-Tchoukouegno & Jacob Adedayo Adedeji, 2023. "Machine Learning for Road Traffic Accident Improvement and Environmental Resource Management in the Transportation Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-19, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Marquet, Oriol & Miralles-Guasch, Carme, 2016. "City of Motorcycles. On how objective and subjective factors are behind the rise of two-wheeled mobility in Barcelona," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 37-45.
    2. Deka, Devajyoti, 2012. "The impacts of non-resident parking restrictions at commuter rail stations," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 451-461.
    3. Aqing Jiang & Zihao Song & Xuancang Wang & Jing Zhao & Junru Ren, 2023. "Properties of Concrete Reinforced with a Basalt Fiber Microwave-Absorbing Shielding Layer," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-17, November.
    4. Jake G. Messersmith & Jeong-Yeon Lee & James P. Guthrie & Yong-Yeon Ji, 2014. "Turnover at the Top: Executive Team Departures and Firm Performance," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 25(3), pages 776-793, June.
    5. Elberse, Anita & Anand, Bharat, 2007. "The effectiveness of pre-release advertising for motion pictures: An empirical investigation using a simulated market," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 19(3-4), pages 319-343, October.
    6. Zhibin Li & Wei Wang & Chen Yang & Haoyang Ding, 2017. "Bicycle mode share in China: a city-level analysis of long term trends," Transportation, Springer, vol. 44(4), pages 773-788, July.
    7. Vogel, Dominik, 2018. "Vogel (2018): Matching survey responses with anonymity in environments with privacy concerns: A practical guide," SocArXiv nwjd7, Center for Open Science.
    8. AlSabbagh, Maha & Siu, Yim Ling & Guehnemann, Astrid & Barrett, John, 2017. "Integrated approach to the assessment of CO2e-mitigation measures for the road passenger transport sector in Bahrain," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 203-215.
    9. Chiu, Bing-yu, 2023. "Relationship between motorcycle travel and the built environment: Evidence from Taipei, Taiwan," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    10. Xiao Han & Yun Yu & Bin Jia & Zi‐You Gao & Rui Jiang & H. Michael Zhang, 2021. "Coordination Behavior in Mode Choice: Laboratory Study of Equilibrium Transformation and Selection," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 30(10), pages 3635-3656, October.
    11. (Ato) Xu, Wangtu & Zhou, Jiangping & Yang, Linchuan & Li, Ling, 2018. "The implications of high-speed rail for Chinese cities: Connectivity and accessibility," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 308-326.
    12. Sheng, Mingyue & Sharp, Basil, 2019. "Aggregate road passenger travel demand in New Zealand: A seemingly unrelated regression approach," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 55-68.
    13. Sora Kang & Kai H. Lim & Min Soo Kim & Hee-Dong Yang, 2012. "Research Note ---A Multilevel Analysis of the Effect of Group Appropriation on Collaborative Technologies Use and Performance," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 23(1), pages 214-230, March.
    14. Liu, Kai & Wang, Jiangbo & Yamamoto, Toshiyuki & Morikawa, Takayuki, 2016. "Modelling the multilevel structure and mixed effects of the factors influencing the energy consumption of electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1351-1360.
    15. Rahul, T.M. & Manoj, M., 2020. "Categorization of pedestrian level of service perceptions and accounting its response heterogeneity and latent correlation on travel decisions," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 40-55.
    16. Ghulam, Yaseen & Derber, Julian, 2018. "Determinants of sovereign defaults," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 43-55.
    17. Alshehry, Atef Saad & Belloumi, Mounir, 2017. "Study of the environmental Kuznets curve for transport carbon dioxide emissions in Saudi Arabia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1339-1347.
    18. Peter Z. Schochet, "undated". "Statistical Power for Random Assignment Evaluations of Education Programs," Mathematica Policy Research Reports 6749d31ad72d4acf988f7dce5, Mathematica Policy Research.
    19. Chan, Lok Shun, 2023. "Transition from fossil fuel propelled transport to electrified mass transit railway system - Experience from Hong Kong," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    20. S. Trevis Certo & Michael C. Withers & Matthew Semadeni, 2017. "A tale of two effects: Using longitudinal data to compare within- and between-firm effects," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(7), pages 1536-1556, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:transa:v:119:y:2019:i:c:p:148-161. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/547/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.