IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/somere/v22y1994i3p342-363.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Modeled Variance in Two-Level Models

Author

Listed:
  • TOM A. B. SNIJDERS

    (University of Groningen, Netherlands)

  • ROEL J. BOSKER

    (University of Twente, Netherlands)

Abstract

The concept of explained proportion of variance or modeled proportion of variance is reviewed in the situation of the random effects hierarchical two-level model. It is argued that the proportional reduction in (estimated) variance components is not an attractive parameter to represent the joint importance of the explanatory (independent) variables for modeling the dependent variable. It is preferable instead to work with the proportional reduction in mean squared prediction error for predicting individual values (for the modeled variance at level 1) and the proportional reduction in mean squared prediction error for predicting group averages (for the modeled variance at level 2). It is shown that when predictors are added, the proportion of modeled variance defined in this way cannot go down in the population if the model is correctly specified, but can go down in a sample; the latter situation then points to the possibility of misspecification. This provides a diagnostic means for identifying misspecification.

Suggested Citation

  • Tom A. B. Snijders & Roel J. Bosker, 1994. "Modeled Variance in Two-Level Models," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 22(3), pages 342-363, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:somere:v:22:y:1994:i:3:p:342-363
    DOI: 10.1177/0049124194022003004
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0049124194022003004
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/0049124194022003004?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Chandler, Jeffrey A. & Payne, G. Tyge & Moore, Curt & Brigham, Keith H., 2019. "Family involvement signals in initial public offerings," Journal of Family Business Strategy, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 8-16.
    2. Liu, Kai & Wang, Jiangbo & Yamamoto, Toshiyuki & Morikawa, Takayuki, 2016. "Modelling the multilevel structure and mixed effects of the factors influencing the energy consumption of electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1351-1360.
    3. Ghulam, Yaseen & Derber, Julian, 2018. "Determinants of sovereign defaults," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 43-55.
    4. Daniel Bauer, 2009. "A Note on Comparing the Estimates of Models for Cluster-Correlated or Longitudinal Data with Binary or Ordinal Outcomes," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 74(1), pages 97-105, March.
    5. Ma, Anyi & Kay, Aaron C., 2017. "Compensatory control and ambiguity intolerance," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 46-61.
    6. Carlos Gamero Burón & Gerard Lassibille, 2015. "Satisfacción laboral en los países pobres: el caso de los docentes malgaches," Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación volume 10, in: Marta Rahona López & Jennifer Graves (ed.), Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación 10, edition 1, volume 10, chapter 38, pages 751-772, Asociación de Economía de la Educación.
    7. Matthew J. Monnot, 2017. "Marginal Utility and Economic Development: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Aspirations and Subjective Well-Being Among Chinese Employees," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 132(1), pages 155-185, May.
    8. Christopher J. Boudreaux & Boris N. Nikolaev & Randall G. Holcombe, 2018. "Corruption and destructive entrepreneurship," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 51(1), pages 181-202, June.
    9. Ankamah-Yeboah Isaac & Max Nielsen & Rasmus Nielsen, 2015. "Organic Salmon – Considered a Fisheries or Agricultural Product Among Consumers?," 2015 EAFE (European Association of Fisheries Economists) Conference Papers 003, Nisea.
    10. Vogel, Dominik, 2018. "Vogel (2018): Matching survey responses with anonymity in environments with privacy concerns: A practical guide," SocArXiv nwjd7, Center for Open Science.
    11. Gundersen, Sara & McKay, Michael, 2019. "Reward or punishment? An examination of the relationship between teacher and parent behavior and test scores in the Gambia," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 20-34.
    12. Chen, Tzu-Ying & Jou, Rong-Chang, 2019. "Using HLM to investigate the relationship between traffic accident risk of private vehicles and public transportation," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 148-161.
    13. repec:jss:jstsof:32:c02 is not listed on IDEAS
    14. Peter Wüst-Ackermann & Christian Vollmer & Heike Itzek-Greulich & Christoph Randler, 2018. "Invertebrate disgust reduction in and out of school and its effects on state intrinsic motivation," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 4(1), pages 1-9, December.
    15. Elias Soukiazis & Pedro André Cerqueira & Micaela Antunes, 2015. "Causes of the decline of economic growth in Italy with special reference to the post-euro period: a balance-of-payments approach," Review of Keynesian Economics, Edward Elgar Publishing, vol. 3(4), pages 491—516-4, October.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:somere:v:22:y:1994:i:3:p:342-363. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.