IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v143y2019icp440-452.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The case for islands’ energy vulnerability: Electricity supply diversity in 44 global islands

Author

Listed:
  • Ioannidis, Alexis
  • Chalvatzis, Konstantinos J.
  • Li, Xin
  • Notton, Gilles
  • Stephanides, Phedeas

Abstract

Energy supply security is a multifaceted challenge for all countries and especially for small island nations that might have limited adaptive capacity. Previous studies showed that islands experience energy scarcity and isolation from energy markets due to their remote location making energy supply security a challenging issue. We estimate energy supply diversity and concentration for 44 islands in order to provide an island specific benchmark approach for energy supply security. We use established metrics Shannon-Wiener index (SWI), Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) with Energy Information Administration (EIA) fuel mix data. To confront the issues of supply security and sustainability we test energy diversity against energy and emissions intensity. The global character of the research along with the wide range of islands covered allows useful comparisons between countries and for a means of benchmarking against the indices while creating certain defined country clusters. Overall it is found that average island energy intensity increased by 23.4% with a corresponding increase of 12.4% on their emissions intensity for the period 2000–2015. On the other hand, diversity has improved by 21.3% (SWI) and by 2% (HHI) since 2000. We argue that fossil-fuel lock-in for islands must break in order to UN Sustainable Development Goal 7 to be achieved particularly for vulnerable island nations.

Suggested Citation

  • Ioannidis, Alexis & Chalvatzis, Konstantinos J. & Li, Xin & Notton, Gilles & Stephanides, Phedeas, 2019. "The case for islands’ energy vulnerability: Electricity supply diversity in 44 global islands," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 440-452.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:143:y:2019:i:c:p:440-452
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.04.155
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148119306391
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2019.04.155?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cohen, Gail & Joutz, Frederick & Loungani, Prakash, 2011. "Measuring energy security: Trends in the diversification of oil and natural gas supplies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(9), pages 4860-4869, September.
    2. Rafiq, Shuddhasattwa & Salim, Ruhul & Nielsen, Ingrid, 2016. "Urbanization, openness, emissions, and energy intensity: A study of increasingly urbanized emerging economies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 20-28.
    3. Grubb, Michael & Butler, Lucy & Twomey, Paul, 2006. "Diversity and security in UK electricity generation: The influence of low-carbon objectives," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(18), pages 4050-4062, December.
    4. Hanif Malekpoor & Konstantinos Chalvatzis & Nishikant Mishra & Mukesh Kumar Mehlawat & Dimitrios Zafirakis & Malin Song, 2018. "Integrated grey relational analysis and multi objective grey linear programming for sustainable electricity generation planning," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 269(1), pages 475-503, October.
    5. Gils, Hans Christian & Simon, Sonja, 2017. "Carbon neutral archipelago – 100% renewable energy supply for the Canary Islands," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 342-355.
    6. Xin Li & Konstantinos J. Chalvatzis & Phedeas Stephanides, 2018. "Innovative Energy Islands: Life-Cycle Cost-Benefit Analysis for Battery Energy Storage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-19, September.
    7. Martchamadol, Jutamanee & Kumar, S., 2012. "Thailand's energy security indicators," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(8), pages 6103-6122.
    8. Chuang, Ming Chih & Ma, Hwong Wen, 2013. "An assessment of Taiwan’s energy policy using multi-dimensional energy security indicators," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 301-311.
    9. Zhang, Long & Yu, Jing & Sovacool, Benjamin K. & Ren, Jingzheng, 2017. "Measuring energy security performance within China: Toward an inter-provincial prospective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 825-836.
    10. Correlje, Aad & van der Linde, Coby, 2006. "Energy supply security and geopolitics: A European perspective," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 532-543, March.
    11. Li, Xin & Chalvatzis, Konstantinos J. & Pappas, Dimitrios, 2018. "Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from power generation in China’s provinces in 2020," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 93-102.
    12. Chuang, Ming Chih & Ma, Hwong Wen, 2013. "Energy security and improvements in the function of diversity indices—Taiwan energy supply structure case study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 9-20.
    13. Notton, G. & Duchaud, J.L. & Nivet, M.L. & Voyant, C. & Chalvatzis, K. & Fouilloy, A., 2019. "The electrical energy situation of French islands and focus on the Corsican situation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 1157-1165.
    14. Sovacool, Benjamin K. & Mukherjee, Ishani & Drupady, Ira Martina & D’Agostino, Anthony L., 2011. "Evaluating energy security performance from 1990 to 2010 for eighteen countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 5846-5853.
    15. Stirling, Andrew, 1994. "Diversity in electricity supply: a response to the reply of Lucas et al," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 22(12), pages 987-990, December.
    16. Bompard, E. & Carpignano, A. & Erriquez, M. & Grosso, D. & Pession, M. & Profumo, F., 2017. "National energy security assessment in a geopolitical perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 144-154.
    17. Bazilian, Morgan & Hobbs, Benjamin F. & Blyth, Will & MacGill, Iain & Howells, Mark, 2011. "Interactions between energy security and climate change: A focus on developing countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(6), pages 3750-3756, June.
    18. Costantini, Valeria & Gracceva, Francesco & Markandya, Anil & Vicini, Giorgio, 2007. "Security of energy supply: Comparing scenarios from a European perspective," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 210-226, January.
    19. Pothitou, Mary & Hanna, Richard F. & Chalvatzis, Konstantinos J., 2016. "Environmental knowledge, pro-environmental behaviour and energy savings in households: An empirical study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1217-1229.
    20. Wang, Junfeng & He, Shutong & Qiu, Ye & Liu, Nan & Li, Yongjian & Dong, Zhanfeng, 2018. "Investigating driving forces of aggregate carbon intensity of electricity generation in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 249-257.
    21. Turton, Hal & Barreto, Leonardo, 2006. "Long-term security of energy supply and climate change," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(15), pages 2232-2250, October.
    22. Pappas, Dimitrios & Chalvatzis, Konstantinos J. & Guan, Dabo & Ioannidis, Alexis, 2018. "Energy and carbon intensity: A study on the cross-country industrial shift from China to India and SE Asia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 183-194.
    23. Symitsi, Efthymia & Chalvatzis, Konstantinos J., 2018. "Return, volatility and shock spillovers of Bitcoin with energy and technology companies," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 127-130.
    24. Leonidou, Leonidas C. & Leonidou, Constantinos N. & Fotiadis, Thomas A. & Zeriti, Athina, 2013. "Resources and capabilities as drivers of hotel environmental marketing strategy: Implications for competitive advantage and performance," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 94-110.
    25. Symitsi, Efthymia & Chalvatzis, Konstantinos J., 2019. "The economic value of Bitcoin: A portfolio analysis of currencies, gold, oil and stocks," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 97-110.
    26. Stirling, Andrew, 1994. "Diversity and ignorance in electricity supply investment : Addressing the solution rather than the problem," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 22(3), pages 195-216, March.
    27. Hu, Hui & Xie, Nan & Fang, Debin & Zhang, Xiaoling, 2018. "The role of renewable energy consumption and commercial services trade in carbon dioxide reduction: Evidence from 25 developing countries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 1229-1244.
    28. Sovacool, Benjamin K. & Mukherjee, Ishani, 2011. "Conceptualizing and measuring energy security: A synthesized approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 5343-5355.
    29. Pothitou, Mary & Hanna, Richard F. & Chalvatzis, Konstantinos J., 2017. "ICT entertainment appliances’ impact on domestic electricity consumption," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 843-853.
    30. Bishop, Justin D.K. & Amaratunga, Gehan A.J. & Rodriguez, Cuauhtemoc, 2008. "Using strong sustainability to optimize electricity generation fuel mixes," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 971-980, March.
    31. Chalvatzis, Konstantinos J. & Ioannidis, Alexis, 2017. "Energy supply security in the EU: Benchmarking diversity and dependence of primary energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 465-476.
    32. Jun, Eunju & Kim, Wonjoon & Chang, Soon Heung, 2009. "The analysis of security cost for different energy sources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(10), pages 1894-1901, October.
    33. García-Gusano, Diego & Iribarren, Diego & Garraín, Daniel, 2017. "Prospective analysis of energy security: A practical life-cycle approach focused on renewable power generation and oriented towards policy-makers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 891-901.
    34. Carl-Friedrich Schleussner & Joeri Rogelj & Michiel Schaeffer & Tabea Lissner & Rachel Licker & Erich M. Fischer & Reto Knutti & Anders Levermann & Katja Frieler & William Hare, 2016. "Science and policy characteristics of the Paris Agreement temperature goal," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 6(9), pages 827-835, September.
    35. Chalvatzis, Konstantinos J. & Rubel, Keagan, 2015. "Electricity portfolio innovation for energy security: The case of carbon constrained China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 267-276.
    36. Chalvatzis, Konstantinos J., 2009. "Electricity generation development of Eastern Europe: A carbon technology management case study for Poland," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(6-7), pages 1606-1612, August.
    37. Le Coq, Chloé & Paltseva, Elena, 2009. "Measuring the security of external energy supply in the European Union," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(11), pages 4474-4481, November.
    38. Hills, Jeremy M. & Μichalena, Evanthie & Chalvatzis, Konstantinos J., 2018. "Innovative technology in the Pacific: Building resilience for vulnerable communities," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 16-26.
    39. Vaibhav Chaturvedi, 2016. "Energy security and climate change: Friends with asymmetric benefits," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 1(6), pages 1-2, June.
    40. Hickey, Emily A. & Lon Carlson, J. & Loomis, David, 2010. "Issues in the determination of the optimal portfolio of electricity supply options," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(5), pages 2198-2207, May.
    41. Leonidou, Leonidas C. & Leonidou, Constantinos N. & Fotiadis, Thomas A. & Aykol, Bilge, 2015. "Dynamic capabilities driving an eco-based advantage and performance in global hotel chains: The moderating effect of international strategy," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 268-280.
    42. Matsumoto, Ken'ichi & Doumpos, Michalis & Andriosopoulos, Kostas, 2018. "Historical energy security performance in EU countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P2), pages 1737-1748.
    43. Ang, B.W. & Choong, W.L. & Ng, T.S., 2015. "Energy security: Definitions, dimensions and indexes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1077-1093.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Vivoda, Vlado, 2022. "LNG export diversification and demand security: A comparative study of major exporters," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    2. Hannah Mareike Marczinkowski & Poul Alberg Østergaard & Søren Roth Djørup, 2019. "Transitioning Island Energy Systems—Local Conditions, Development Phases, and Renewable Energy Integration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-20, September.
    3. Getao Hu & Jun Yang & Jun Li, 2022. "The Dynamic Evolution of Global Energy Security and Geopolitical Games: 1995~2019," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-25, November.
    4. Zhengyuan Zhai & Lei Zhang & Xiaochao Hou, 2023. "Measurement and Promotion Strategy of China’s Power System Regulation Capacity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-22, June.
    5. François, Agnès & Roche, Robin & Grondin, Dominique & Benne, Michel, 2023. "Assessment of medium and long term scenarios for the electrical autonomy in island territories: The Reunion Island case study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    6. Peng Wang & Daorina Bao & Mingzhi Zhao & Zhongyu Shi & Fan Gao & Feng Han, 2023. "The Design, Analysis, and Optimization of a New Pitch Mechanism for Small Wind Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-25, September.
    7. Liu, Yang & Dong, Kangyin & Jiang, Qingzhe, 2023. "Assessing energy vulnerability and its impact on carbon emissions: A global case," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    8. Andrea A. Eras-Almeida & Miguel A. Egido-Aguilera, 2020. "What Is Still Necessary for Supporting the SDG7 in the Most Vulnerable Contexts?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-28, September.
    9. Praene, Jean Philippe & Fakra, Damien Ali Hamada & Benard, Fiona & Ayagapin, Leslie & Rachadi, Mohamed Nasroudine Mohamed, 2021. "Comoros’s energy review for promoting renewable energy sources," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 885-893.
    10. Panagiotis G. Kosmopoulos & Marios T. Mechilis & Panagiota Kaoura, 2022. "Solar Energy Production Planning in Antikythera: Adequacy Scenarios and the Effect of the Atmospheric Parameters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-19, December.
    11. Santos Júnior, Edvaldo Pereira & Silva, Magno Vamberto Batista da & Simioni, Flávio José & Rotella Junior, Paulo & Menezes, Rômulo Simões Cezar & Coelho Junior, Luiz Moreira, 2022. "Location and concentration of the forest bioelectricity supply in Brazil: A space-time analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 710-719.
    12. Sarah Ouédraogo & Ghjuvan Antone Faggianelli & Guillaume Pigelet & Jean Laurent Duchaud & Gilles Notton, 2020. "Application of Optimal Energy Management Strategies for a Building Powered by PV/Battery System in Corsica Island," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-20, September.
    13. Hannah Mareike Marczinkowski & Luísa Barros, 2020. "Technical Approaches and Institutional Alignment to 100% Renewable Energy System Transition of Madeira Island—Electrification, Smart Energy and the Required Flexible Market Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-22, August.
    14. Belén del-Río & Ana Fernández-Sainz & Itziar Martinez de Alegria, 2022. "Assessing the energy trilemma through the diversity of the energy mix: the case of India," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 2(9), pages 1-26, September.
    15. Genave, Anna & Blancard, Stéphane & Garabedian, Sabine, 2020. "An assessment of energy vulnerability in Small Island Developing States," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    16. Nikolas Schöne & Kathrin Greilmeier & Boris Heinz, 2022. "Survey-Based Assessment of the Preferences in Residential Demand Response on the Island of Mayotte," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-30, February.
    17. Vafadarnikjoo, Amin & Tavana, Madjid & Chalvatzis, Konstantinos & Botelho, Tiago, 2022. "A socio-economic and environmental vulnerability assessment model with causal relationships in electric power supply chains," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chalvatzis, Konstantinos J. & Ioannidis, Alexis, 2017. "Energy supply security in the EU: Benchmarking diversity and dependence of primary energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 465-476.
    2. Chuang, Ming Chih & Ma, Hwong Wen, 2013. "Energy security and improvements in the function of diversity indices—Taiwan energy supply structure case study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 9-20.
    3. Zhang, Long & Bai, Wuliyasu & Xiao, Huijuan & Ren, Jingzheng, 2021. "Measuring and improving regional energy security: A methodological framework based on both quantitative and qualitative analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    4. Ang, B.W. & Choong, W.L. & Ng, T.S., 2015. "Energy security: Definitions, dimensions and indexes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1077-1093.
    5. Pin Li & Jinsuo Zhang, 2019. "Is China’s Energy Supply Sustainable? New Research Model Based on the Exponential Smoothing and GM(1,1) Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-30, January.
    6. Matsumoto, Ken’ichi & Shiraki, Hiroto, 2018. "Energy security performance in Japan under different socioeconomic and energy conditions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 391-401.
    7. Gasser, Patrick, 2020. "A review on energy security indices to compare country performances," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    8. Jacek Strojny & Anna Krakowiak-Bal & Jarosław Knaga & Piotr Kacorzyk, 2023. "Energy Security: A Conceptual Overview," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-35, June.
    9. Wang, Kai-Hua & Su, Chi-Wei & Umar, Muhammad, 2021. "Geopolitical risk and crude oil security: A Chinese perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    10. Wang, Deqing & Tian, Sihua & Fang, Lei & Xu, Yan, 2020. "A functional index model for dynamically evaluating China's energy security," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    11. Huang, Beijia & Zhang, Long & Ma, Linmao & Bai, Wuliyasu & Ren, Jingzheng, 2021. "Multi-criteria decision analysis of China’s energy security from 2008 to 2017 based on Fuzzy BWM-DEA-AR model and Malmquist Productivity Index," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    12. Tete, Komlan H.S. & Soro, Y.M. & Sidibé, S.S. & Jones, Rory V., 2023. "Assessing energy security within the electricity sector in the West African economic and monetary union: Inter-country performances and trends analysis with policy implications," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    13. Sato, Masahiro & Kharrazi, Ali & Nakayama, Hirofumi & Kraines, Steven & Yarime, Masaru, 2017. "Quantifying the supplier-portfolio diversity of embodied energy: Strategic implications for strengthening energy resilience," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 41-52.
    14. Narula, Kapil & Reddy, B. Sudhakara, 2016. "A SES (sustainable energy security) index for developing countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 326-343.
    15. Pin Li & Jin-Suo Zhang, 2018. "A New Hybrid Method for China’s Energy Supply Security Forecasting Based on ARIMA and XGBoost," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-28, June.
    16. Erahman, Qodri Febrilian & Purwanto, Widodo Wahyu & Sudibandriyo, Mahmud & Hidayatno, Akhmad, 2016. "An assessment of Indonesia's energy security index and comparison with seventy countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 364-376.
    17. Narula, Kapil & Reddy, B. Sudhakara, 2015. "Three blind men and an elephant: The case of energy indices to measure energy security and energy sustainability," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 148-158.
    18. Bigerna, Simona & D’Errico, Maria Chiara & Polinori, Paolo, 2021. "Energy security and RES penetration in a growing decarbonized economy in the era of the 4th industrial revolution," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    19. Jewell, Jessica & Cherp, Aleh & Riahi, Keywan, 2014. "Energy security under de-carbonization scenarios: An assessment framework and evaluation under different technology and policy choices," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 743-760.
    20. Månsson, André & Johansson, Bengt & Nilsson, Lars J., 2014. "Assessing energy security: An overview of commonly used methodologies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 1-14.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:143:y:2019:i:c:p:440-452. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.