IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/finana/v59y2018icp19-34.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Determinants of dependence structures of sovereign credit default swap spreads between G7 and BRICS countries

Author

Listed:
  • Yang, Lu
  • Yang, Lei
  • Hamori, Shigeyuki

Abstract

We investigate the time-varying dependence structures between G7 and BRICS countries' sovereign credit default swap (CDS) spreads for different timescales by combining wavelet analysis and the copula approach. First, by employing wavelet analysis, we find increasing dependence between the G7 and BRICS's CDS spreads with a decreasing significance level as the timescale increases. Second, the CDS spread dependence across most timescales is better described by the time-varying, than the time-invariant, copulas. Third, gold served as a risk-haven asset may play a good indicator to measure the sovereign credit risk, as well as its dependence. Additionally, the CDS spreads for both G7 and BRICS countries behave simultaneously when the economy is prosperous, but not for the economic depression period. Finally, from the regression of the wavelet components, we find no significant results for the short-term wavelets, whereas significant results are present for both the middle- and long-term scales.

Suggested Citation

  • Yang, Lu & Yang, Lei & Hamori, Shigeyuki, 2018. "Determinants of dependence structures of sovereign credit default swap spreads between G7 and BRICS countries," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 19-34.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finana:v:59:y:2018:i:c:p:19-34
    DOI: 10.1016/j.irfa.2018.06.001
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1057521917302089
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.irfa.2018.06.001?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jammazi, Rania, 2012. "Oil shock transmission to stock market returns: Wavelet-multivariate Markov switching GARCH approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 430-454.
    2. Jammazi, Rania, 2012. "Cross dynamics of oil-stock interactions: A redundant wavelet analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 750-777.
    3. Francis A. Longstaff & Sanjay Mithal & Eric Neis, 2005. "Corporate Yield Spreads: Default Risk or Liquidity? New Evidence from the Credit Default Swap Market," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 60(5), pages 2213-2253, October.
    4. Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Liu, Tengdong & Chang, Chia-Lin & McAleer, Michael, 2013. "Risk spillovers in oil-related CDS, stock and credit markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 526-535.
    5. Aloui, Riadh & Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Nguyen, Duc Khuong, 2013. "A time-varying copula approach to oil and stock market dependence: The case of transition economies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 208-221.
    6. Robert Engle & Eric Jondeau & Michael Rockinger, 2015. "Systemic Risk in Europe," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 19(1), pages 145-190.
    7. Naccache, Théo, 2011. "Oil price cycles and wavelets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 338-352, March.
    8. Takashi Miyazaki & Shigeyuki Hamori, 2013. "Testing for causality between the gold return and stock market performance: evidence for ‘gold investment in case of emergency’," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(1), pages 27-40, January.
    9. El Hedi Arouri, Mohamed & Jouini, Jamel & Nguyen, Duc Khuong, 2011. "Volatility spillovers between oil prices and stock sector returns: Implications for portfolio management," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(7), pages 1387-1405.
    10. K.J. Martijn Cremers & Joost Driessen & Pascal Maenhout, 2008. "Explaining the Level of Credit Spreads: Option-Implied Jump Risk Premia in a Firm Value Model," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 21(5), pages 2209-2242, September.
    11. Berger, Theo, 2015. "A wavelet based approach to measure and manage contagion at different time scales," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 436(C), pages 338-350.
    12. Merton, Robert C, 1974. "On the Pricing of Corporate Debt: The Risk Structure of Interest Rates," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 29(2), pages 449-470, May.
    13. Hkiri, Besma & Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Aloui, Chaker & Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2018. "The interconnections between U.S. financial CDS spreads and control variables: New evidence using partial and multivariate wavelet coherences," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 237-257.
    14. Arce, Oscar & Mayordomo, Sergio & Peña, Juan Ignacio, 2013. "Credit-risk valuation in the sovereign CDS and bonds markets: Evidence from the euro area crisis," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 124-145.
    15. Aloui, Riadh & Ben Aïssa, Mohamed Safouane & Nguyen, Duc Khuong, 2013. "Conditional dependence structure between oil prices and exchange rates: A copula-GARCH approach," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 719-738.
    16. Atil, Ahmed & Bradford, Marc & Elmarzougui, Abdelaziz & Lahiani, Amine, 2016. "Conditional dependence of US and EU sovereign CDS: A time-varying copula-based estimation," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 42-53.
    17. Lahiani, Amine & Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Gupta, Rangan, 2016. "Linkages between financial sector CDS spreads and macroeconomic influence in a nonlinear setting," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 443-456.
    18. Dewandaru, Ginanjar & Masih, Rumi & Masih, A. Mansur M., 2016. "Contagion and interdependence across Asia-Pacific equity markets: An analysis based on multi-horizon discrete and continuous wavelet transformations," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 363-377.
    19. Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Nor, Safwan Mohd & Kumar, Ronald Ravinesh & Mensi, Walid, 2017. "Interdependence and contagion among industry-level US credit markets: An application of wavelet and VMD based copula approaches," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 466(C), pages 310-324.
    20. Fender, Ingo & Hayo, Bernd & Neuenkirch, Matthias, 2012. "Daily pricing of emerging market sovereign CDS before and during the global financial crisis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 2786-2794.
    21. Michel Beine & Bertrand Candelon, 2011. "Liberalisation and stock market co-movement between emerging economies," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(2), pages 299-312.
    22. Andrew J. Patton, 2006. "Modelling Asymmetric Exchange Rate Dependence," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 47(2), pages 527-556, May.
    23. Dooley, Michael & Hutchison, Michael, 2009. "Transmission of the U.S. subprime crisis to emerging markets: Evidence on the decoupling-recoupling hypothesis," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(8), pages 1331-1349, December.
    24. Yang, Lu & Cai, Xiao Jing & Li, Mengling & Hamori, Shigeyuki, 2015. "Modeling dependence structures among international stock markets: Evidence from hierarchical Archimedean copulas," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 308-314.
    25. Benjamin Yibin Zhang & Hao Zhou & Haibin Zhu, 2009. "Explaining Credit Default Swap Spreads with the Equity Volatility and Jump Risks of Individual Firms," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(12), pages 5099-5131, December.
    26. Colacito, Riccardo & Engle, Robert F. & Ghysels, Eric, 2011. "A component model for dynamic correlations," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 164(1), pages 45-59, September.
    27. Chollete, Lorán & de la Peña, Victor & Lu, Ching-Chih, 2011. "International diversification: A copula approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 403-417, February.
    28. Jammazi, Rania & Reboredo, Juan C., 2016. "Dependence and risk management in oil and stock markets. A wavelet-copula analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 866-888.
    29. Ahmed Atil & Marc Bradford & Abdelaziz Elmarzougui & Amine Lahiani, 2016. "Conditional dependence of US and EU sovereign CDS: A time-varying copula-based estimation," Post-Print hal-03536632, HAL.
    30. Hassan, M. Kabir & Ngene, Geoffrey M. & Yu, Jung-Suk, 2015. "Credit default swaps and sovereign debt markets," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 240-252.
    31. Jorion, Philippe & Zhang, Gaiyan, 2007. "Good and bad credit contagion: Evidence from credit default swaps," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(3), pages 860-883, June.
    32. Lee, Bi-Juan & Yang, Chin Wei & Huang, Bwo-Nung, 2012. "Oil price movements and stock markets revisited: A case of sector stock price indexes in the G-7 countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 1284-1300.
    33. Yang, Lu & Hamori, Shigeyuki, 2015. "Interdependence between the bond markets of CEEC-3 and Germany: A wavelet coherence analysis," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 124-138.
    34. Bollerslev, Tim, 1987. "A Conditionally Heteroskedastic Time Series Model for Speculative Prices and Rates of Return," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 69(3), pages 542-547, August.
    35. Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Sari, Ramazan, 2011. "Financial CDS, stock market and interest rates: Which drives which?," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 22(3), pages 257-276.
    36. Yang, Lu & Hamori, Shigeyuki, 2014. "Dependence structure between CEEC-3 and German government securities markets," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 109-125.
    37. Tamakoshi, Go & Hamori, Shigeyuki, 2014. "The conditional dependence structure of insurance sector credit default swap indices," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 122-132.
    38. Wang, Ping & Moore, Tomoe, 2012. "The integration of the credit default swap markets during the US subprime crisis: Dynamic correlation analysis," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 1-15.
    39. Boubaker, Heni & Sghaier, Nadia, 2013. "Portfolio optimization in the presence of dependent financial returns with long memory: A copula based approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 361-377.
    40. Rodriguez, Juan Carlos, 2007. "Measuring financial contagion: A Copula approach," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 401-423, June.
    41. Wang, Kehluh & Chen, Yi-Hsuan & Huang, Szu-Wei, 2011. "The dynamic dependence between the Chinese market and other international stock markets: A time-varying copula approach," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 20(4), pages 654-664, October.
    42. Engle, Robert F, 1982. "Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity with Estimates of the Variance of United Kingdom Inflation," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(4), pages 987-1007, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Lu Yang & Lei Yang & Xue Cui, 2023. "Sovereign default network and currency risk premia," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-22, December.
    2. Yang, Lu & Hamori, Shigeyuki, 2023. "Modeling the global sovereign credit network under climate change," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    3. Ceylan Nesrin & Münyas Turgay, 2021. "An Empirical Investigation on the Relationship Between the Eurozone Zew Index and the Eurozone Stock Markets," Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series, Sciendo, vol. 31(4), pages 1-17, December.
    4. Yang, Lu, 2023. "Oil price bubbles: The role of network centrality on idiosyncratic sovereign risk," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    5. Bajaj, Vimmy & Kumar, Pawan & Singh, Vipul Kumar, 2023. "Systemwide directional connectedness from Crude Oil to sovereign credit risk," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 30(C).
    6. Yang, Lu, 2019. "Connectedness of economic policy uncertainty and oil price shocks in a time domain perspective," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 219-233.
    7. Özer Depren & Mustafa Tevfik Kartal & Serpil Kılıç Depren, 2021. "Recent innovation in benchmark rates (BMR): evidence from influential factors on Turkish Lira Overnight Reference Interest Rate with machine learning algorithms," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 7(1), pages 1-20, December.
    8. Mustafa Tevfik KARTAL, 2022. "The Role of Macroeconomic and Market Indicators in Explaining Sovereign Credit Default Swaps (CDS) Spread Changes: Evidence from Türkiye," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(2), pages 145-164, April.
    9. de Oliveira, Erick Meira & Cunha, Felipe Arias Fogliano de Souza & Palazzi, Rafael Baptista & Klotzle, Marcelo Cabus & Maçaira, Paula Medina, 2020. "On the effects of uncertainty measures on sustainability indices: An empirical investigation in a nonlinear framework," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    10. Feng, Qianqian & Sun, Xiaolei & Liu, Chang & Li, Jianping, 2021. "Spillovers between sovereign CDS and exchange rate markets: The role of market fear," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    11. Chen, Wang & Ho, Kung-Cheng & Yang, Lu, 2020. "Network structures and idiosyncratic contagion in the European sovereign credit default swap market," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    12. Depren, Özer & Kartal, Mustafa Tevfik & Kılıç Depren, Serpil, 2021. "Changes of gold prices in COVID-19 pandemic: Daily evidence from Turkey's monetary policy measures with selected determinants," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    13. Li, Haiping & Semeyutin, Artur & Lau, Chi Keung Marco & Gozgor, Giray, 2020. "The relationship between oil and financial markets in emerging economies: The significant role of Kazakhstan as the oil exporting country," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 32(C).
    14. Choi, Sun-Yong, 2022. "Credit risk interdependence in global financial markets: Evidence from three regions using multiple and partial wavelet approaches," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    15. ERER, Deniz, 2022. "The Asymmetrical Impact Of Policy Responses On Volatility Of Sovereign Default Swaps," Studii Financiare (Financial Studies), Centre of Financial and Monetary Research "Victor Slavescu", vol. 26(3), pages 35-54, September.
    16. Lei Ruan, 2018. "Research on Sustainable Development of the Stock Market Based on VIX Index," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-12, November.
    17. Ahmed R. M. Alsayed, 2023. "Turkish Stock Market from Pandemic to Russian Invasion, Evidence from Developed Machine Learning Algorithm," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 62(3), pages 1107-1123, October.
    18. Imran Yousaf & Shoaib Ali & Muhammad Naveed & Ifraz Adeel, 2021. "Risk and Return Transmissions From Crude Oil to Latin American Stock Markets During the Crisis: Portfolio Implications," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(2), pages 21582440211, April.
    19. Wang, Qunwei & Liu, Mengmeng & Xiao, Ling & Dai, Xingyu & Li, Matthew C. & Wu, Fei, 2022. "Conditional sovereign CDS in market basket risk scenario: A dynamic vine-copula analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    20. Cheuathonghua, Massaporn & de Boyrie, Maria E. & Pavlova, Ivelina & Wongkantarakorn, Jutamas, 2022. "Extreme risk spillovers from commodity indexes to sovereign CDS spreads of commodity dependent countries: A VAR quantile analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    21. Prayer M. Rikhotso & Beatrice D. Simo-Kengne, 2022. "Dependence Structures between Sovereign Credit Default Swaps and Global Risk Factors in BRICS Countries," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-22, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yang, Lu & Yang, Lei & Ho, Kung-Cheng & Hamori, Shigeyuki, 2020. "Dependence structures and risk spillover in China’s credit bond market: A copula and CoVaR approach," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    2. Choi, Sun-Yong, 2022. "Credit risk interdependence in global financial markets: Evidence from three regions using multiple and partial wavelet approaches," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    3. Augustin, Patrick & Subrahmanyam, Marti G. & Tang, Dragon Yongjun & Wang, Sarah Qian, 2014. "Credit Default Swaps: A Survey," Foundations and Trends(R) in Finance, now publishers, vol. 9(1-2), pages 1-196, December.
    4. Jammazi, Rania & Reboredo, Juan C., 2016. "Dependence and risk management in oil and stock markets. A wavelet-copula analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 866-888.
    5. Atil, Ahmed & Bradford, Marc & Elmarzougui, Abdelaziz & Lahiani, Amine, 2016. "Conditional dependence of US and EU sovereign CDS: A time-varying copula-based estimation," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 42-53.
    6. Albulescu, Claudiu Tiberiu & Aubin, Christian & Goyeau, Daniel & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar, 2018. "Extreme co-movements and dependencies among major international exchange rates: A copula approach," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 56-69.
    7. Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Nor, Safwan Mohd & Ferrer, Roman & Hammoudeh, Shawkat, 2017. "Asymmetric determinants of CDS spreads: U.S. industry-level evidence through the NARDL approach," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 211-230.
    8. Phong Nguyen & Wei-han Liu, 2017. "Time-Varying Linkage of Possible Safe Haven Assets: A Cross-Market and Cross-asset Analysis," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 17(1), pages 43-76, March.
    9. Al Janabi, Mazin A.M. & Arreola Hernandez, Jose & Berger, Theo & Nguyen, Duc Khuong, 2017. "Multivariate dependence and portfolio optimization algorithms under illiquid market scenarios," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 259(3), pages 1121-1131.
    10. Aviral Kumar Tiwari & Sangram Keshari Jena & Satish Kumar & Erik Hille, 2022. "Is oil price risk systemic to sectoral equity markets of an oil importing country? Evidence from a dependence-switching copula delta CoVaR approach," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 315(1), pages 429-461, August.
    11. Sanjay Sehgal & Piyush Pandey & Florent Deisting, 2018. "Stock Market Integration Dynamics and its Determinants in the East Asian Economic Community Region," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 16(2), pages 389-425, June.
    12. Patrick Augustin, 2012. "Sovereign Credit Default Swap Premia," Working Papers 12-10, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics.
    13. Heni Boubaker & Nadia Sghaier, 2015. "On the Dynamic Dependence between US and other Developed Stock Markets: An Extreme-value Time-varying Copula Approach," Bankers, Markets & Investors, ESKA Publishing, issue 136-137, pages 80-93, May-June.
    14. Ferreiro Javier Ojea, 2019. "Structural change in the link between oil and the European stock market: implications for risk management," Dependence Modeling, De Gruyter, vol. 7(1), pages 53-125, January.
    15. Zhu, Hui-Ming & Li, Rong & Li, Sufang, 2014. "Modelling dynamic dependence between crude oil prices and Asia-Pacific stock market returns," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 208-223.
    16. Jammazi, Rania & Ferrer, Román & Jareño, Francisco & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain, 2017. "Time-varying causality between crude oil and stock markets: What can we learn from a multiscale perspective?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 453-483.
    17. Jiang, Yonghong & Nie, He & Monginsidi, Joe Yohanes, 2017. "Co-movement of ASEAN stock markets: New evidence from wavelet and VMD-based copula tests," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 384-398.
    18. Heni Boubaker & Nadia Sghaier, 2014. "On the dynamic dependence between US and other developed stock markets: An extreme-value time-varying copula approach," Working Papers 2014-281, Department of Research, Ipag Business School.
    19. Sehgal, Sanjay & Pandey, Piyush & Diesting, Florent, 2017. "Examining dynamic currency linkages amongst South Asian economies: An empirical study," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 173-190.
    20. Jinan Liu & Apostolos Serletis, 2023. "Volatility and dependence in energy markets," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 47(1), pages 15-37, March.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Sovereign credit default swap; Copula; Wavelet; Dependence;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • F41 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Open Economy Macroeconomics
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • H63 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:finana:v:59:y:2018:i:c:p:19-34. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/620166 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.