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The reference forecast of the German energy transition—An outlook on electricity markets

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  • Knaut, Andreas
  • Tode, Christian
  • Lindenberger, Dietmar
  • Malischek, Raimund
  • Paulus, Simon
  • Wagner, Johannes

Abstract

The enactment of the Energy Concept by the German Government in 2010 set ambitious targets for the future energy transition in Germany. The most prominent goals include a greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction of the economy and an increase in the share of renewable energy in the whole energy sector. Since the long run effects of these policy measures are hard to assess, science-based policy evaluation methods are needed to identify weak points and areas with a need for action. This paper presents the results of the German Energy Reference Forecast with a focus on the electricity sector. It is based on an investment and dispatch model for the European electricity sector over the planning horizon of the ‘Energiewende’ up to 2050, with an emphasis on the time period up to 2030. We find that almost all targets of the German ‘Energiewende’ are not reached, for the case in which no further measures are undertaken. In particular reductions in GHG emissions fall short to the target value. Contrary to the negative results, e.g., regarding GHG-emissions as well as gross electricity consumption, generation from renewable energy sources will exceed the policy's target value.

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  • Knaut, Andreas & Tode, Christian & Lindenberger, Dietmar & Malischek, Raimund & Paulus, Simon & Wagner, Johannes, 2016. "The reference forecast of the German energy transition—An outlook on electricity markets," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 477-491.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:92:y:2016:i:c:p:477-491
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2016.02.010
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    17. Weiss, Olga & Bogdanov, Dmitry & Salovaara, Kaisa & Honkapuro, Samuli, 2017. "Market designs for a 100% renewable energy system: Case isolated power system of Israel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 266-277.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Climate protection; Renewable energy; Policy evaluation; Electricity market modelling;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C61 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
    • Q40 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - General
    • Q48 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Government Policy
    • L94 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Electric Utilities

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