IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecofin/v76y2025ics1062940824002663.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Does the VIX act as the main transmitter of mispricing in index futures markets? Insights from European and American regions

Author

Listed:
  • Samarakoon, S.M.R.K.
  • Pradhan, Rudra P.
  • Tripathy, Sasikanta
  • Jayakumar, Manju

Abstract

This study examines the interconnected mispricing of index futures in European and American markets from 2008 to 2023, with a specific focus on the role of the Volatility Index (VIX) and the adjustment for transaction costs in shaping these dynamics. Utilizing the cost of carry model, theoretical prices are computed, and discrepancies with actual market values are analysed to measure actionable mispricing. Econometric tools, including DCC-GARCH, connectedness approach, and quantile regression, are employed to assess dynamic conditional correlations and volatility spillovers, using three distinct datasets: daily mispricing series, weekly mispricing series, and transaction cost-adjusted boundary violation series. This layered approach enables a comprehensive analysis of interconnected mispricing and robustness across different temporal frequencies and adjustments. Our results highlight significant interconnected mispricing driven by market volatilities, with the VIX serving as a pivotal transmitter of volatility during periods of financial turbulence. The analysis demonstrates that the inclusion of the VIX significantly amplifies systemic connectedness, while its exclusion emphasizes regional dynamics, with the Euro Stoxx 50 Index Futures emerging as a principal hub within European markets. The incorporation of transaction costs further reveals critical insights into boundary violations, identifying actionable mispricing and its contribution to systemic volatility, providing a more granular understanding of these dynamics. The robustness of the findings is validated through the use of both daily and weekly data, with consistent patterns of interconnectedness and volatility propagation observed across all analyses.

Suggested Citation

  • Samarakoon, S.M.R.K. & Pradhan, Rudra P. & Tripathy, Sasikanta & Jayakumar, Manju, 2025. "Does the VIX act as the main transmitter of mispricing in index futures markets? Insights from European and American regions," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecofin:v:76:y:2025:i:c:s1062940824002663
    DOI: 10.1016/j.najef.2024.102341
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1062940824002663
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.najef.2024.102341?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bouri, Elie & Cepni, Oguzhan & Gabauer, David & Gupta, Rangan, 2021. "Return connectedness across asset classes around the COVID-19 outbreak," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    2. Asger Lunde & Peter R. Hansen, 2005. "A forecast comparison of volatility models: does anything beat a GARCH(1,1)?," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 20(7), pages 873-889.
    3. Francis X. Diebold & Kamil Yilmaz, 2009. "Measuring Financial Asset Return and Volatility Spillovers, with Application to Global Equity Markets," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 119(534), pages 158-171, January.
    4. Diebold, Francis X. & Yılmaz, Kamil, 2014. "On the network topology of variance decompositions: Measuring the connectedness of financial firms," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 182(1), pages 119-134.
    5. Shubham Kakran & Arpit Sidhu & Parminder Kaur Bajaj & Vishal Dagar, 2023. "Novel evidence from APEC countries on stock market integration and volatility spillover: A Diebold and Yilmaz approach," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(2), pages 2254560-225, October.
    6. Jozef Baruník & Tomáš Křehlík, 2018. "Measuring the Frequency Dynamics of Financial Connectedness and Systemic Risk," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 16(2), pages 271-296.
    7. Bakshi, Gurdip & Cao, Charles & Chen, Zhiwu, 2000. "Do Call Prices and the Underlying Stock Always Move in the Same Direction?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 13(3), pages 549-584.
    8. Antonakakis, Nikolaos & Gabauer, David & Gupta, Rangan & Plakandaras, Vasilios, 2018. "Dynamic connectedness of uncertainty across developed economies: A time-varying approach," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 63-75.
    9. Panayiotis Andreou & Yiannos Pierides, 2008. "Empirical investigation of stock index futures market efficiency: the case of the Athens Derivatives Exchange," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(3), pages 211-223.
    10. Miguel Almunia & Agustín Bénétrix & Barry Eichengreen & Kevin H. O’Rourke & Gisela Rua, 2010. "From Great Depression to Great Credit Crisis: similarities, differences and lessons [Germany: Guns, butter, and economic miracles]," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 25(62), pages 219-265.
    11. Antonakakis, Nikolaos & Gabauer, David, 2017. "Refined Measures of Dynamic Connectedness based on TVP-VAR," MPRA Paper 78282, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Elliott, Graham & Rothenberg, Thomas J & Stock, James H, 1996. "Efficient Tests for an Autoregressive Unit Root," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 64(4), pages 813-836, July.
    13. Manaster, Steven & Rendleman, Richard J, Jr, 1982. "Option Prices as Predictors of Equilibrium Stock Prices," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 37(4), pages 1043-1057, September.
    14. Yoon, Seong-Min & Al Mamun, Md & Uddin, Gazi Salah & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2019. "Network connectedness and net spillover between financial and commodity markets," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 801-818.
    15. Engle, Robert, 2002. "Dynamic Conditional Correlation: A Simple Class of Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Models," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(3), pages 339-350, July.
    16. Bollerslev, Tim, 1986. "Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 307-327, April.
    17. José Da Fonseca & Katja Ignatieva, 2018. "Volatility spillovers and connectedness among credit default swap sector indexes," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(36), pages 3923-3936, August.
    18. Diebold, Francis X. & Yilmaz, Kamil, 2012. "Better to give than to receive: Predictive directional measurement of volatility spillovers," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 57-66.
    19. repec:bla:ecpoli:v:25:y:2010:i::p:219-265 is not listed on IDEAS
    20. Koenker, Roger W & Bassett, Gilbert, Jr, 1978. "Regression Quantiles," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 46(1), pages 33-50, January.
    21. Kristin J. Forbes & Roberto Rigobon, 2002. "No Contagion, Only Interdependence: Measuring Stock Market Comovements," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 57(5), pages 2223-2261, October.
    22. repec:oup:ecpoli:v:25:y:2010:i::p:219-265 is not listed on IDEAS
    23. Chung, Y Peter, 1991. "A Transactions Data Test of Stock Index Futures Market Efficiency and Index Arbitrage Profitability," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 46(5), pages 1791-1809, December.
    24. Kang, Sang Hoon & Lee, Jang Woo, 2019. "The network connectedness of volatility spillovers across global futures markets," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 526(C).
    25. Nikolaos Antonakakis & Ioannis Chatziantoniou & David Gabauer, 2020. "Refined Measures of Dynamic Connectedness based on Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressions," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-23, April.
    26. Brenner, Menachem & Subrahmanyam, Marti G. & Uno, Jun, 1989. "The behavior of prices in the Nikkei spot and futures market," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 23(2), pages 363-383, August.
    27. Mensi, Walid & Boubaker, Ferihane Zaraa & Al-Yahyaee, Khamis Hamed & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2018. "Dynamic volatility spillovers and connectedness between global, regional, and GIPSI stock markets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 230-238.
    28. Tu, Anthony H. & Hsieh, Wen-Liang G. & Wu, Wei-Shao, 2016. "Market uncertainty, expected volatility and the mispricing of S&P 500 index futures," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 78-98.
    29. Lin, Emily & Lee, Cheng-Few & Wang, Kehluh, 2013. "Futures mispricing, order imbalance, and short-selling constraints," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 408-423.
    30. Jarque, Carlos M. & Bera, Anil K., 1980. "Efficient tests for normality, homoscedasticity and serial independence of regression residuals," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 6(3), pages 255-259.
    31. Stephen Ferris & Hun Park & Kwangwoo Park, 2002. "Volatility, open interest, volume, and arbitrage: evidence from the S&P 500 futures market," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(6), pages 369-372.
    32. Chiang, Raymond & Fong, Wai-Ming, 2001. "Relative informational efficiency of cash, futures, and options markets: The case of an emerging market," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(2), pages 355-375, February.
    33. Thomas J. Fisher & Colin M. Gallagher, 2012. "New Weighted Portmanteau Statistics for Time Series Goodness of Fit Testing," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 107(498), pages 777-787, June.
    34. Mensi, Walid & Aslan, Aylin & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2023. "Time-frequency spillovers and connectedness between precious metals, oil futures and financial markets: Hedge and safe haven implications," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 219-232.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Cocca, Teodoro & Gabauer, David & Pomberger, Stefan, 2024. "Clean energy market connectedness and investment strategies: New evidence from DCC-GARCH R2 decomposed connectedness measures," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    2. Dang, Tam Hoang Nhat & Balli, Faruk & Balli, Hatice Ozer & Gabauer, David & Nguyen, Thi Thu Ha, 2024. "Sectoral uncertainty spillovers in emerging markets: A quantile time–frequency connectedness approach," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(PB), pages 121-139.
    3. David Gabauer, 2020. "Volatility impulse response analysis for DCC‐GARCH models: The role of volatility transmission mechanisms," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(5), pages 788-796, August.
    4. Cagli, Efe Caglar, 2023. "The volatility spillover between battery metals and future mobility stocks: Evidence from the time-varying frequency connectedness approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PA).
    5. Abakah, Emmanuel Joel Aikins & Brahim, Mariem & Carlotti, Jean-Etienne & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Mensi, Walid, 2024. "Extreme downside risk connectedness and portfolio hedging among the G10 currencies," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    6. Balcilar, Mehmet & Gabauer, David & Umar, Zaghum, 2021. "Crude Oil futures contracts and commodity markets: New evidence from a TVP-VAR extended joint connectedness approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    7. Harun Uçak & Irfan Ullah & Yakup Ari, 2024. "Correction: The volatility connectedness between fertilizers and rice price: evidences from the global major rice-producing countries," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 265-266, March.
    8. Juncal Cunado & David Gabauer & Rangan Gupta, 2024. "Realized volatility spillovers between energy and metal markets: a time-varying connectedness approach," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 10(1), pages 1-17, December.
    9. Bouri, Elie & Gabauer, David & Gupta, Rangan & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar, 2021. "Volatility connectedness of major cryptocurrencies: The role of investor happiness," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(C).
    10. Evrim Mandacı, Pınar & Cagli, Efe Çaglar & Taşkın, Dilvin, 2020. "Dynamic connectedness and portfolio strategies: Energy and metal markets," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    11. Muneer Shaik & Mohd Ziaur Rehman, 2023. "The Dynamic Volatility Connectedness of Major Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Stock Indices: Evidence Based on DCC-GARCH Model," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 30(1), pages 231-246, March.
    12. Chatziantoniou, Ioannis & Gabauer, David & Stenfors, Alexis, 2020. "From CIP-deviations to a market for risk premia: A dynamic investigation of cross-currency basis swaps," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    13. Stenfors, Alexis & Chatziantoniou, Ioannis & Gabauer, David, 2022. "Independent policy, dependent outcomes: A game of cross-country dominoes across European yield curves," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    14. Ioannis Chatziantoniou & David Gabauer & Hardik A. Marfatia, 2022. "Dynamic connectedness and spillovers across sectors: Evidence from the Indian stock market," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 69(3), pages 283-300, July.
    15. Xu, Danyang & Hu, Yang & Oxley, Les & Lin, Boqiang & He, Yongda, 2025. "Exploring the connectedness between major volatility indexes and worldwide sustainable investments," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    16. Tita, Anthanasius Fomum & French, Joseph J. & Gurdgiev, Constantin & Obalade, Adefemi, 2025. "Does the tail of finance wag the dog of the real economy? Dynamic connectedness of the stock market and business confidence," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    17. Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Chatziantoniou, Ioannis & Gabauer, David & Karim, Sitara, 2024. "Measuring the G20 stock market return transmission mechanism: Evidence from the R2 connectedness approach," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    18. Bouri, Elie & Cepni, Oguzhan & Gabauer, David & Gupta, Rangan, 2021. "Return connectedness across asset classes around the COVID-19 outbreak," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    19. Chatziantoniou, Ioannis & Gabauer, David, 2021. "EMU risk-synchronisation and financial fragility through the prism of dynamic connectedness," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1-14.
    20. Mishra, Aswini Kumar & Anand K, Kamesh & Venkatasai Kappagantula, Akhil, 2025. "Unveiling asymmetric return spillovers with portfolio implications among Indian stock sectors during Covid-19 pandemic," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(PA).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G13 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • C58 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Financial Econometrics

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:ecofin:v:76:y:2025:i:c:s1062940824002663. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/620163 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.