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Direct and Indirect Treatment Effects: Causal Chains and Mediation Analysis with Instrumental Variables

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  1. Paul Berbée & Sebastian Till Braun & Richard Franke, 2025. "Reversing fortunes of German regions, 1926–2019: Boon and bane of early industrialization?," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 30(2), pages 307-337, June.
  2. Monsees, Daniel & Schmitz, Hendrik, 2023. "The effect of compulsory schooling on vaccination against COVID and Influenza," Ruhr Economic Papers 1011, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
  3. Denise Hörner & Adrien Bouguen & Markus Frölich & Meike Wollni, 2019. "The Effects of Decentralized and Video-based Extension on the Adoption of Integrated Soil Fertility Management – Experimental Evidence from Ethiopia," NBER Working Papers 26052, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  4. Zemba, Cornelius & Prah, Stephen & Ng’ombe, John N., 2025. "Agricultural cooperatives boost food security through input subsidies in rural Zambia," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 39(C).
  5. Kara E. Rudolph & Iván Díaz, 2022. "When the ends do not justify the means: Learning who is predicted to have harmful indirect effects," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 185(S2), pages 573-589, December.
  6. Francesco Longo & Karl Claxton & Stephen Martin & James Lomas, 2023. "More long‐term care for better healthcare and vice versa: investigating the mortality effects of interactions between these public sectors," Fiscal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 44(2), pages 189-216, June.
  7. Guo, Xu & Li, Runze & Liu, Jingyuan & Zeng, Mudong, 2024. "Reprint: Statistical inference for linear mediation models with high-dimensional mediators and application to studying stock reaction to COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 239(2).
  8. Prifti, Ervin & Daidone, Silvio & Davis, Benjamin, 2019. "Causal pathways of the productive impacts of cash transfers: Experimental evidence from Lesotho," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 258-268.
  9. Salm, Martin & Siflinger, Bettina & Xie, Mingjia, 2021. "The Effect of Retirement on Mental Health: Indirect Treatment Effects and Causal Mediation," Other publications TiSEM e28efa7f-8219-437c-a26d-2, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
  10. Mensah, Edouard R. & Shinde, Nilesh & Kakpo, Ange T. & Djenontin, Ida N.S., 2024. "The human well-being outcomes of tree plantations in sub-Saharan Africa: A reassessment of evidence using longitudinal subnational-year data," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
  11. Karim Bekhtiar, 2023. "The decline of manufacturing employment and the rise of the far-right in Austria," Economics working papers 2023-09, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
  12. Martin Huber, 2016. "Disentangling policy effects into causal channels," IZA World of Labor, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pages 259-259, May.
  13. Wunsch, Conny & Strobl, Renate, 2018. "Identification of causal mechanisms based on between-subject double randomization designs," CEPR Discussion Papers 13028, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  14. Viviana Celli, 2019. "Causal Mediation Analysis in Economics: objectives, assumptions, models," Working Papers 12/19, Sapienza University of Rome, DISS.
  15. Jiawei Fu, 2024. "Extracting Mechanisms from Heterogeneous Effects: An Identification Strategy for Mediation Analysis," Papers 2403.04131, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2025.
  16. Kantorowicz, Jarosław & Köppl–Turyna, Monika, 2019. "Disentangling the fiscal effects of local constitutions," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 63-87.
  17. Hoshino, Tadao & Yanagi, Takahide, 2023. "Treatment effect models with strategic interaction in treatment decisions," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 236(2).
  18. Guo, Xu & Li, Runze & Liu, Jingyuan & Zeng, Mudong, 2023. "Statistical inference for linear mediation models with high-dimensional mediators and application to studying stock reaction to COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 235(1), pages 166-179.
  19. Ohrnberger, Julius & Anselmi, Laura & Fichera, Eleonora & Sutton, Matt, 2020. "The effect of cash transfers on mental health: Opening the black box – A study from South Africa," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
  20. Martin Huber & Yu‐Chin Hsu & Ying‐Ying Lee & Layal Lettry, 2020. "Direct and indirect effects of continuous treatments based on generalized propensity score weighting," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(7), pages 814-840, November.
  21. Le-Yu Chen & Yu-Min Yen, 2025. "Estimation of the Local Conditional Tail Average Treatment Effect," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(1), pages 241-255, January.
  22. Lawrence, Jourdyn A. & Hsu, Yu-Tien & Cory, Hannah J. & Kawachi, Ichiro, 2024. "Racial discrimination and cognitive function: An instrumental variable analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 363(C).
  23. Martin Huber & Anna Solovyeva, 2020. "Direct and Indirect Effects under Sample Selection and Outcome Attrition," Econometrics, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-25, December.
  24. Liu, Shilei & Xu, Jintao, 2019. "Livelihood mushroomed: Examining household level impacts of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) under new management regime in China's state forests," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 44-53.
  25. Manu Navjeevan & Rodrigo Pinto & Andres Santos, 2023. "Identification and Estimation in a Class of Potential Outcomes Models," Papers 2310.05311, arXiv.org.
  26. Breda, Thomas & Grenet, Julien & Monnet, Marion & Van Effenterre, Clémentine, 2020. "Do Female Role Models Reduce the Gender Gap in Science? Evidence from French High Schools," IZA Discussion Papers 13163, IZA Network @ LISER.
  27. Oskorouchi, Hamid R. & Sousa-Poza, Alfonso & Bloom, David E., 2024. "The long-term cognitive and schooling effects of childhood vaccinations in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
  28. Bashar, Omar & Mallick, Debdulal, 2021. "Frequency of Shocks, Resilience and Shock Persistence: Evidence from Natural Disasters," MPRA Paper 107517, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  29. Marco Doretti & Martina Raggi & Elena Stanghellini, 2022. "Exact parametric causal mediation analysis for a binary outcome with a binary mediator," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 31(1), pages 87-108, March.
  30. Fabian Kosse & Thomas Deckers & Pia Pinger & Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch & Armin Falk, 2020. "The Formation of Prosociality: Causal Evidence on the Role of Social Environment," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 128(2), pages 434-467.
  31. Viviana Celli, 2022. "Causal mediation analysis in economics: Objectives, assumptions, models," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(1), pages 214-234, February.
  32. Lochmann, Alexia & Rapoport, Hillel & Speciale, Biagio, 2019. "The effect of language training on immigrants’ economic integration: Empirical evidence from France," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 265-296.
  33. Eva Deuchert & Martin Huber & Mark Schelker, 2019. "Direct and Indirect Effects Based on Difference-in-Differences With an Application to Political Preferences Following the Vietnam Draft Lottery," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(4), pages 710-720, October.
  34. Gorgens, Tue & Meng, Xin & Zhao, Guochang, 2024. "Impact of Temporary Migration on Long-Run Economic Development: The Legacy of the Sent-down Youth Program," IZA Discussion Papers 16951, IZA Network @ LISER.
  35. Gold, Robert & Dippel, Christian & Heblich, Stephan & Pinto, Rodrigo, 2017. "Instrumental Variables and Causal Mechanisms: Unpacking the Effect of Trade on Workers and Voters," VfS Annual Conference 2017 (Vienna): Alternative Structures for Money and Banking 168152, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
  36. Huber Martin & Wüthrich Kaspar, 2019. "Local Average and Quantile Treatment Effects Under Endogeneity: A Review," Journal of Econometric Methods, De Gruyter, vol. 8(1), pages 1-27, January.
  37. Yu-Chin Hsu & Martin Huber & Yu-Min Yen, 2023. "Doubly Robust Estimation of Direct and Indirect Quantile Treatment Effects with Machine Learning," Papers 2307.01049, arXiv.org.
  38. repec:osf:socarx:kwscz_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
  39. Yi-feng Zhang & Min-xuan Ji & Xiu-zhi Zheng, 2023. "Digital Economy, Agricultural Technology Innovation, and Agricultural Green Total Factor Productivity," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(3), pages 21582440231, August.
  40. Martin Huber & Mark Schelker & Anthony Strittmatter, 2022. "Direct and Indirect Effects based on Changes-in-Changes," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(1), pages 432-443, January.
  41. Arthur Lewbel, 2019. "The Identification Zoo: Meanings of Identification in Econometrics," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 57(4), pages 835-903, December.
  42. Huber, Martin & Steinmayr, Andreas, 2017. "A Framework for Separating Individual Treatment Effects from Spillover, Interaction, and General Equilibrium Effects," IZA Discussion Papers 10648, IZA Network @ LISER.
  43. Muhammad Shoukat Malik & Lubna Kanwal, 2018. "Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on Financial Performance: Case Study of Listed Pharmaceutical Firms of Pakistan," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 150(1), pages 69-78, June.
  44. Soonwoo Kwon & Jonathan Roth, 2024. "Testing Mechanisms," Papers 2404.11739, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2026.
  45. Avdeenko, Alexandra & Frölich, Markus, 2020. "Research standards in empirical development economics: What’s well begun, is half done," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
  46. Nguyen, Ha Trong & Mitrou, Francis, 2025. "Fertility responses to tropical cyclones: Causal evidence and mechanisms," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
  47. Sung Jae Jun & Joris Pinkse & Haiqing Xu & Neşe Yıldız, 2016. "Multiple Discrete Endogenous Variables in Weakly-Separable Triangular Models," Econometrics, MDPI, vol. 4(1), pages 1-21, February.
  48. Shishir Shakya & Nabamita Dutta, 2024. "How Individualism Influences Female Financial Inclusion through Education: Evidence from Historical Prevalence of Infectious Diseases," Working Papers 24-03, Department of Economics, Appalachian State University.
  49. Bijwaard, G.E.; & Jones, A.M.;, 2019. "Education and life-expectancy and how the relationship is mediated through changes in behaviour: a principal stratification approach for hazard rates," Health, Econometrics and Data Group (HEDG) Working Papers 19/05, HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York.
  50. Shishir Shakya & Nabamita Dutta, 2024. "How Individualism Influences Female Financial Inclusion through Education: Evidence from Historical Prevalence of Infectious Diseases," Working Papers 24-07, Department of Economics, Appalachian State University.
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