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What explains uneven Female Labor Force Participation Levels and Trends in Developing Countries?

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Cited by:

  1. is not listed on IDEAS
  2. Jinsong Zhao & Xinrui Li & Chen Hou, 2025. "Can climate finance bridge the gender gap in labor markets? evidence from developing countries," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 178(4), pages 1-24, April.
  3. Ashish Kumar Sedai, 2021. "Who Benefits from Piped Water in the House? Empirical Evidence from a Gendered Analysis in India," ADBI Working Papers 1273, Asian Development Bank Institute.
  4. Wang, Feicheng & Kis-Katos, Krisztina & Zhou, Minghai, 2020. "Trade Liberalization and the Gender Employment Gap in China," IZA Discussion Papers 13626, IZA Network @ LISER.
  5. Chowdhury, Humaira & Gupta, Kamini, 2025. "Crafting work and workspaces: A qualitative study of the meaning of work for women in the weaving sector in Kashmir," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
  6. Pieters, Janneke & Klasen, Stephan, 2020. "Randomization for women’s economic empowerment? Lessons and limitations of randomized experiments," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
  7. Feldmann, Horst, 2025. "The effects of remittances on school enrollment rates: A global perspective," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
  8. Elena Nikolova & Jakub Polansky, 2022. "Children and Female Employment in Mongolia," Working Papers 396, Leibniz Institut für Ost- und Südosteuropaforschung (Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies).
  9. Nancy Luke, 2019. "Gender and social mobility: Exploring gender attitudes and women's labour force participation," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2019-108, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  10. Hao Feng & Zhen Yan & H. Holly Wang, 2026. "Free From the Kitchen Fueled by Clean Energy: Women's Employment and Nutritional Benefits in Rural China," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 57(1), January.
  11. Moataz, Aya & Richter, Christian, "undated". "The Impact of Female Tertiary Education and Climate Change on Economic Growth in Developing Countries," Land, Farm & Agribusiness Management Department 337137, Harper Adams University, Land, Farm & Agribusiness Management Department.
  12. Elena Nikolova & Jakub Polansky, 2022. "Children and Female Employment in Mongolia," Discussion Papers 61, Central European Labour Studies Institute (CELSI).
  13. Amin, Mohammad & Gomez, Norma, 2024. "Does Financial Development Reduce Gender Disparity in Top Manager Positions in Manufacturing SMEs in Developing Countries ?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10711, The World Bank.
  14. García, Carlos J. & González, Wildo D. & Rivera, Tiare, 2024. "Robots at work in emerging developing countries: How bad could it be?," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
  15. Bhukta, Rikhia, 2025. "Factories and Fertility: The Impact of Manufacturing Growth on Son Preference," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1664, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
  16. Hina Amber & Bezawit Beyene Chichaibelu, 2023. "Narrowing the gender digital divide in Pakistan: Mobile phone ownership and female labor force participation," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(3), pages 1354-1382, August.
  17. Rita K. Almeida & Mariana Viollaz, 2023. "Women in paid employment: a role for public policies and social norms in Guatemala," Oxford Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(3), pages 252-279, July.
  18. Roy, Kusumita Bardhan & Tripathi, Sabyasachi, 2025. "Determinants of Female Employment in Agriculture, Industry, and Service Sector: A cross country analysis," MPRA Paper 124674, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  19. Deininger,Klaus W. & Jin,Songqing & Nagarajan,Hari Krishnan & Singh,Sudhir K., 2020. "Political Reservation and Female Labor Force Participation in Rural India," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9350, The World Bank.
  20. Sinem Kilic Celik & M. Ayhan Kose & Franziska Ohnsorge, 2023. "Potential Growth Prospects: Risks, Rewards and Policies," CAMA Working Papers 2023-19, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
  21. Merfeld, Joshua D. & Newhouse, David & Weber, Michael & Lahiri, Partha, 2022. "Combining Survey and Geospatial Data Can Significantly Improve Gender-Disaggregated Estimates of Labor Market Outcomes," IZA Discussion Papers 15390, IZA Network @ LISER.
  22. Florencia Devoto & Emanuela Galasso & Kathleen Beegle & Stefanie Brodmann, 2025. "Women at Work: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Urban Djibouti," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 39(4), pages 835-866.
  23. Nikolova, Elena & Polansky, Jakub, 2022. "Children and female employment in Mongolia," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 46(3).
  24. Pelin Akyol & Zeynep Yılmaz, 2024. "Effects of Grandmothers' Proximity on Mothers' Labour Force Participation," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 86(5), pages 1122-1162, October.
  25. Sedai, Ashish Kumar & Vasudevan, Ramaa & Pena, Anita Alves & Miller, Ray, 2021. "Does reliable electrification reduce gender differences? Evidence from India," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 580-601.
  26. Hina Amber & Bezawit Beyene Chichaibelu, 2023. "Patterns and Causes of Female Labor Force Participation: An Age–Period–Cohort Analysis for Pakistan," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 42(2), pages 1-31, April.
  27. Nunes, Débora & Arora, Diksha & Braunstein, Elissa, 2025. "Real effective exchange rate shocks and job quality by gender in Latin America," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 262-273.
  28. Davis, Lewis S. & Mavisakalyan, Astghik, 2024. "Individualism and the legal status of prostitution," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(3), pages 714-732.
  29. John H.Y. Edwards, 2024. "Education Quality, Income Inequality, and Female Labor Force Participation in Brazil," Working Papers 2409, Tulane University, Department of Economics.
  30. Esha Chatterjee & Reeve D. Vanneman, 2022. "Women's Low Employment Rates in India: Cultural and Structural Explanations," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 48(2), pages 445-474, June.
  31. Cherchi, Ludovica & Jain, Himanshi, 2025. "Awareness, Access, and Perceptions around Parental Benefits among Urban Argentinians," The Social Policy and Labor Discussion Paper Series 197190, The World Bank.
  32. Álvaro Mariscal‐de‐Gante & Amaia Palencia‐Esteban & Sara Grubanov‐Boskovic & Enrique Fernández‐Macías, 2023. "Feminization, Ageing, and Occupational Change in Europe in the Last 25 Years," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 49(4), pages 939-966, December.
  33. Haller Alina-Petronela & Hârşan Georgia-Daniela Tacu, 2021. "Causes of Sustainable Tourism Resilience in Central and Eastern Europe. The Case of Three Countries: Romania, Bulgaria and Poland," Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, Sciendo, vol. 15(1), pages 1251-1268, December.
  34. repec:rfh:bbejor:v:13:y:2025:i:3:p:492-499 is not listed on IDEAS
  35. Julie Ma & Andrew C. Grogan-Kaylor & Shawna J. Lee & Kaitlin P. Ward & Garrett T. Pace, 2022. "Gender Inequality in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Associations with Parental Physical Abuse and Moderation by Child Gender," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-14, September.
  36. Lewis Davis, 2024. "Patriarchy, development, and the divergence of women's empowerment," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 77(4), pages 895-921, November.
  37. Eva‐Maria Egger & Aslihan Arslan & Emanuele Zucchini, 2022. "Does connectivity reduce gender gaps in off‐farm employment? Evidence from 12 low‐ and middle‐income countries," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 44(1), pages 197-218, March.
  38. Siwan Anderson, 2022. "Unbundling female empowerment," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 55(4), pages 1671-1701, November.
  39. Deepak Malghan & Hema Swaminathan, 2021. "Intra-household Gender Inequality, Welfare, and Economic Development," LWS Working papers 34, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
  40. Afridi, Farzana & Dhillon, Amrita & Roy, Sanchari & Sangwan, Nikita, 2023. "Social Networks, Gender Norms and Labor Supply: Experimental Evidence Using a Job Search Platform," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 677, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
  41. Contreras, Ivette & Dinarte, Lelys & Palacios-Lopez, Amparo & Costa, Valentina & Esteban, Steffanny Romero, 2024. "Closing the Gaps : The Role of Screening Questions and Self-Reporting in Measuring Women’s and Youths’ Employment and Work," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10773, The World Bank.
  42. Berga, Helen & Abdisa, Lamessa T., 2022. "Assessing Gender Gap in Wage and Self-Employment: Evidence from Ethiopia," Ethiopian Journal of Economics, Ethiopian Economics Association, vol. 31(01), April.
  43. World Bank, 2023. "Morocco Economic Monitor, Fall 2023 [Rapport de suivi de la situation économique au Maroc, automne 2023]," World Bank Publications - Reports 40632, The World Bank Group.
  44. Seema Jayachandran, 2021. "Social Norms as a Barrier to Women’s Employment in Developing Countries," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 69(3), pages 576-595, September.
  45. Alexis H. Villacis & Selina Bruns & Martin Paul Jr Tabe‐Ojong & David L. Ortega & Ashok K. Mishra, 2025. "Gender dynamics and aspirational disparities in agriculture," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 47(1), pages 176-198, March.
  46. El Mekkaoui, Najat & Loukili, Sara & Fourouheshfar, Yeganeh & Eissa, Nada, 2024. "For Labor or for Divorce ? Unilateral Divorce Laws and Women’s Labor Outcomes," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10661, The World Bank.
  47. Amadou Bobbo & Hervé Kato Kale Kapume, 2026. "Improving the Economic Participation of Rural Women in Sub‐Saharan Africa Through Foreign Direct Investment: A Direct Analysis and Transmission Channels," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(S1), pages 1096-1111, January.
  48. Klasen, Stephan, 2020. "From ‘MeToo’ to Boko Haram: A survey of levels and trends of gender inequality in the world," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
  49. Asrifa Hossain & Shankar Ghimire & Anna Valeva & Jessica Harriger-Lin, 2022. "Does Globalization Encourage Female Employment? A Cross-Country Panel Study," World, MDPI, vol. 3(2), pages 1-13, March.
  50. Carranza, Eliana & Morgandi, Matteo & Sverdlin, Diana, 2025. "Optimizing Labor Market Programs and Strengthening Delivery Systems for Impact and Scale," The Social Policy and Labor Discussion Paper Series 200227, The World Bank.
  51. Gay, Victor, 2023. "Culture: An Empirical Investigation of Beliefs, Work, and Fertility – A Verification and Reproduction of Fernández and Fogli (2009)," I4R Discussion Paper Series 91, The Institute for Replication (I4R).
  52. Vu, Khoa & Glewwe, Paul, 2022. "Maternity benefits mandate and women’s choice of work in Vietnam," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
  53. Uyanga Byambaa & Edward Miguel & Michael W. Walker & Samuel Zicheng Wang, 2025. "Beyond Education and Occupation: Unpacking the Large Gender Wage Gap in Kenya," NBER Working Papers 34375, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  54. Goldberg, Penny & Gottlieb, Charles & Lall, Somik V. & Mehta, Meet & Peters, Michael & Ratan, Aishwarya Lakshmi, 2025. "The Global Gender Distortions Index (GGDI)," Policy Research Working Paper Series 11184, The World Bank.
  55. Alaref, Jumana Jamal Subhi & Patil, Aishwarya Shivaji & Rahman, Tasmia & Munoz Boudet, Ana Maria, 2024. "Women’s Labor Force Participation in Nepal : An Exploration of The Role of Social Norms," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10810, The World Bank.
  56. Kaivan Munshi & Swapnil Singh, 2024. "Social Status, Economic Development and Female Labor Force (Non) Participation," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 2417, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
  57. Daniel Halim & Michael B. O’Sullivan & Abhilasha Sahay, 2023. "Increasing Female Labor Force Participation," World Bank Publications - Reports 39435, The World Bank Group.
  58. A. Amarender Reddy & Surabhi Mittal & Namrata Singha Roy & Sanghamitra Kanjilal-Bhaduri, 2021. "Time Allocation between Paid and Unpaid Work among Men and Women: An Empirical Study of Indian Villages," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-17, March.
  59. Feeny, Simon & Mishra, Ankita & Trinh, Trong-Anh & Ye, Longfeng & Zhu, Anna, 2021. "Early-Life exposure to rainfall shocks and gender gaps in employment: Findings from Vietnam," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 533-554.
  60. Amin, Mohammad & Islam, Asif Mohammed, 2022. "The Impact of Paid Maternity Leave on Women’s Employment : Evidence Using Firm-Level Survey Data from Developing Countries," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10188, The World Bank.
  61. Hanmer,Lucia C. & Rubiano Matulevich,Eliana Carolina & Santamaria,Julieth, 2021. "Differences in Household Composition : Hidden Dimensions of Poverty and Displacement in Somalia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9818, The World Bank.
  62. Indrani Gupta & Arjun Roy, 2023. "What really empowers women? Taking another look at economic empowerment," Journal of Social and Economic Development, Springer;Institute for Social and Economic Change, vol. 25(1), pages 17-31, June.
  63. Man Zhang, 2026. "Women’s Labor Force Participation Following Parenthood in China: Cohort Shifts, Educational Variations, and Urban-Rural Differences," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 45(2), pages 1-34, April.
  64. Pennings,Steven Michael, 2020. "The Utilization-adjusted Human Capital Index (UHCI)," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9375, The World Bank.
  65. Irene Selwaness & Caroline Krafft, 2021. "The Dynamics of Family Formation and Women’s Work: What Facilitates and Hinders Female Employment in the Middle East and North Africa?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 40(3), pages 533-587, June.
  66. Sophia Kan & Simon Lange, 2021. "An appreciation of Professor Stephan Klasen and his contribution to development economics," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(1), pages 104-115, February.
  67. Garcia-Fuentes, Pablo A. & Lynn Kennedy, P. & Ash, William R., 2025. "The multiple impact of remittances on poverty in developing countries: Direct effects and through human capital," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 47(2), pages 428-447.
  68. Yeshwas Admasu & Gina Crivello & Catherine Porter, 2021. "Young women's transitions from education to the labour market in Ethiopia: A gendered life-course perspective," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2021-96, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  69. Isis Gaddis & Rahul Lahoti & Hema Swaminathan, 2022. "Women's Legal Rights and Gender Gaps in Property Ownership in Developing Countries," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 48(2), pages 331-377, June.
  70. Malghan, Deepak & Swaminathan, Hema, 2021. "Global trends in intra-household gender inequality," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 515-546.
  71. Hagen Kruse & Emmanuel Mensah & Kunal Sen & Gaaitzen de Vries, 2021. "A manufacturing renaissance? Industrialization trends in the developing world," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2021-28, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  72. M. Ayhan Kose & Franziska Ohnsorge, 2023. "Slowing Growth: More Than a Rough Patch," CAMA Working Papers 2023-23, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
  73. Sugata Bag & Anirban Kar, 2022. "“Made in Heaven, Matched by Parents”: Does Arranged Marriage Restrict Labour Market Autonomy and Participation of Women? Theory and Evidence from India," Working papers 317, Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics.
  74. Davis, Lewis S. & Williamson, Claudia R., 2022. "Individualism and women's economic rights," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 579-597.
  75. Hagen Kruse & Emmanuel Mensah & Kunal Sen & Gaaitzen Vries, 2023. "A Manufacturing (Re)Naissance? Industrialization in the Developing World," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 71(2), pages 439-473, June.
  76. Sherin Kularathne & Amanda Perera & Namal Rathnayake & Upaka Rathnayake & Yukinobu Hoshino, 2024. "Analyzing the impact of socioeconomic indicators on gender inequality in Sri Lanka: A machine learning-based approach," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(12), pages 1-25, December.
  77. Zehranur Sanioğlu-Tanış & Duygu Dündar-Öztaşçı & İbrahim Özmen, 2025. "Fertility and women unemployment: new evidence from Türkiye," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 58(6), pages 1-39, December.
  78. World Bank, "undated". "Reshaping Norms," World Bank Publications - Reports 37121, The World Bank Group.
  79. Pascal L. Ghazalian, 2022. "The effects of the Arab Spring on female labour force participation in the MENA region," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(4), pages 869-900, October.
  80. Elisabetta Gentile & Nikita Kohli & Nivedhitha Subramanian & Zunia Tirmazee & Kate Vyborny, 2023. "Barriers to Entry: Decomposing the Gender Gap in Job Search in Urban Pakistan," ADB Economics Working Paper Series 707, Asian Development Bank.
  81. Mishra, Ankita & Mishra, Vinod & Parasnis, Jaai, 2021. "The asymmetric role of crime in women's and men's labour force participation: Evidence from India," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 933-961.
  82. Arora, Diksha & Braunstein, Elissa & Seguino, Stephanie, 2023. "A macro analysis of gender segregation and job quality in Latin America," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
  83. Martinoty, Laurine, 2022. "Partner’s income shock and female labor supply. Evidence from the repeal of Argentina’s convertibility law," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
  84. Almeida, Eloiza R.F. & Araújo, Veneziano & Gonçalves, Solange L., 2022. "Urban wage premium for women: evidence across the wage distribution," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
  85. Halim,Daniel Zefanya & Perova,Elizaveta & Reynolds,Sarah, 2021. "Childcare and Mothers’ Labor Market Outcomes in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9828, The World Bank.
  86. Bishwanath Goldar & Purnamita Dasgupta & Suresh Chand Aggarwal, 2025. "Impact of Rural Wages on Rural Women’s Decision Regarding Time Spent on Productive Work, Household Work and Care Work," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 68(4), pages 1317-1342, December.
  87. Nikolova, Elena & Polansky, Jakub, 2022. "Children and Female Employment in Mongolia," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1015, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
  88. Nthabeleng Lillian Moshoeshoe & Baorong Yu, 2021. "Economic Growth and Participation of Women in Labor Markets: The Case of Southern Africa," International Journal of Science and Business, IJSAB International, vol. 5(1), pages 30-41.
  89. Gustavo De Santis & Mauro Maltagliati & Nicolò Bellanca, 2026. "Women’s Economic Empowerment in Sub-Saharan Africa: Capturing within-Country Heterogeneity Using the DBS Method," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 181(1), pages 1-24, January.
  90. Josefine Durazo & Valentina Costa & Amparo Palacios-Lopez & Isis Gaddis, 2021. "Employment and Own-Use Production in Household Surveys," World Bank Publications - Reports 37310, The World Bank Group.
  91. Subrata SAHA & Arifa SULTANA & Sanjoy Kumar SAHA, 2022. "Determinants Of Female Labor Force Participation In Tangail District In Bangladesh: A Logistic Regression Analysis," CrossCultural Management Journal, Fundația Română pentru Inteligența Afacerii, Editorial Department, issue 1, pages 45-57, July.
  92. Kamal Lamichhane & Takayuki Watanabe, 2023. "Intersection of Gender and Disability on Returns to Education: A Case from Metro Manila, Philippines," Merits, MDPI, vol. 3(4), pages 1-18, November.
  93. Hiroyuki Takeshima, 2024. "Agricultural mechanisation and gendered labour activities across sectors: Micro‐evidence from multi‐country farm household data," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 75(1), pages 425-456, February.
  94. Stanislao Maldonado, 2024. "Empowering women through multifaceted interventions: long-term evidence from a double matching design," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 37(1), pages 1-44, March.
  95. Li, Xinghao & An, Lufeng & Zhang, Dayong & Lee, Chi-Chuan & Yu, Chin-Hsien, 2024. "Energy access and female labor force participation in developing countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
  96. Elham Taheri & Fatma Güven Lisaniler & Cem Payaslioğlu, 2021. "Female Labour Force Participation: What Prevents Sustainable Development Goals from Being Realised in Iran?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-17, October.
  97. Sun, Meiqi & Lu, Jia, 2025. "Mobile phones and economic gender inequality: A panel study of 104 countries from 2014 to 2022," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(10).
  98. Bimardhika, Elghafiky & Halim, Daniel Zefanya, 2026. "To Have It All ? Career and Family of College-Educated Women in an Emerging Economy," Policy Research Working Paper Series 11326, The World Bank.
  99. Christina Sanchita Shah & Supunmali Ahangama, 2023. "A Cross-Country Examination of Internet Penetration and the Economic Participation of Women: The Influence of Social Capital and Gender Equality," IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review, , vol. 12(2), pages 182-196, July.
  100. Moataz, Aya & Richter, Christian, "undated". "The Impact of Female Tertiary Education and Climate Change on Economic Growth in Developing Countries," Agri-Tech Economics Papers 337137, Harper Adams University, Land, Farm & Agribusiness Management Department.
  101. Ana María Iregui-Bohórquez & Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra & María Teresa Ramírez-Giraldo & Ana María Tribín-Uribe, 2020. "The path to gender equality in Colombia: Are we there yet?," Borradores de Economia 1131, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  102. Canessa, Eugenia & Giannelli, Gianna Claudia, 2021. "Women's Employment and Natural Shocks," IZA Discussion Papers 14055, IZA Network @ LISER.
  103. Isis Gaddis & Gbemisola Oseni & Amparo Palacios-Lopez & Janneke Pieters, 2023. "Who Is Employed? Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa on Redefining Employment," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 32(2), pages 151-174.
  104. Shreya Biswas & Ritika Jain, 2024. "Problem of the Plenty- Ethnic Fractionalization and Female Employment in Rural India," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 22(4), pages 1053-1076, December.
  105. Andreas Kern & Bernhard Reinsberg & Claire Lee, 2025. "The unintended consequences of IMF programs: Women left behind in the labor market," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 20(4), pages 741-767, December.
  106. Andreas Backhaus & Elke Loichinger, 2022. "Female Labor Force Participation in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Cohort Analysis," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 48(2), pages 379-411, June.
  107. Vo, Thang T. & Truong, Thiet-Ha, 2023. "Gender division of household workforce in Vietnam: Role of international trade and fertility," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1696-1718.
  108. Gay, Victor, 2023. "Culture: An Empirical Investigation of Beliefs, Work, and Fertility. A Verification and Reproduction of Fernández and Fogli (American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2009)," Journal of Comments and Replications in Economics (JCRE), ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 2, pages 1-15.
  109. Kocabıçak, Ece & Dildar, Yasemin, 2025. "Women’s labour force participation in developing countries: The impact of gendered landownership rights," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
  110. Evans David K. & Akmal Maryam & Jakiela Pamela, 2021. "Gender gaps in education: The long view," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Sciendo & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-27, January.
  111. Francis Addeah Darko & Akankshita Dey & Ritadhi,S. K., 2025. "Rural Non-Farm Employment in Rajasthan : Determinants, Welfare Effects, and Enterprise Performance," Policy Research Working Paper Series 11080, The World Bank.
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