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Combining Survey and Geospatial Data Can Significantly Improve Gender-Disaggregated Estimates of Labor Market Outcomes

Author

Listed:
  • Merfeld, Joshua D.

    (KDI School of Public Policy and Management)

  • Newhouse, David

    (World Bank)

  • Weber, Michael

    (University of Chicago)

  • Lahiri, Partha

    (University of Maryland)

Abstract

Better understanding the geography of women's labor market outcomes within countries is important to inform targeted efforts to increase women's economic empowerment. This paper assesses the extent to which a method that combines simulated survey data from urban areas in Mexico with broadly available geospatial indicators from Google Earth Engine and OpenStreetMap can significantly improve estimates of labor force participation and unemployment rates. Incorporating geospatial information substantially increases the accuracy of male and female labor force participation and unemployment rates at the state level, reducing mean absolute deviation by 50 to 62 percent for labor force participation and 25 to 52 percent for unemployment. Small area estimation using a nested error conditional random effect model also greatly improves municipal estimates of labor force participation, as the mean absolute error falls by approximately half, while the mean squared error falls by almost 75 percent when holding coverage rates constant. In contrast, the results for municipal unemployment rate estimates are not reliable because values of unemployment rates are low and therefore poorly suited for linear models. The municipal results hold in repeated simulations of alternative samples. Models utilizing Basic Geo-Statistical Area (AGEB)–level auxiliary information generate more accurate predictions than area-level models specified using the same auxiliary data. Overall, integrating survey data and publicly available geospatial indicators is feasible and can greatly improve state-level estimates of male and female labor force participation and unemployment rates, as well as municipal estimates of male and female labor force participation.

Suggested Citation

  • Merfeld, Joshua D. & Newhouse, David & Weber, Michael & Lahiri, Partha, 2022. "Combining Survey and Geospatial Data Can Significantly Improve Gender-Disaggregated Estimates of Labor Market Outcomes," IZA Discussion Papers 15390, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15390
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Newhouse,David Locke & Merfeld,Joshua David & Ramakrishnan,Anusha Pudugramam & Swartz,Tom & Lahiri,Partha, 2022. "Small Area Estimation of Monetary Poverty in Mexico Using Satellite Imagery and Machine Learning," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10175, The World Bank.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    small area estimation; data integration; geospatial data; labor force participation; unemployment; Mexico;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • C13 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Estimation: General

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