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Do Creditor Rights Increase Employment Risk? Evidence from Loan Covenants

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Kamini Gupta & Donal Crilly & Thomas Greckhamer, 2020. "Stakeholder engagement strategies, national institutions, and firm performance: A configurational perspective," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(10), pages 1869-1900, October.
  2. Jose M. Berrospide & Ralf R. Meisenzahl, 2015. "The Real Effects of Credit Line Drawdowns," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2015-7, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
  3. Levine, Oliver & Warusawitharana, Missaka, 2021. "Finance and productivity growth: Firm-level evidence," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 91-107.
  4. Tobias Adrian & Nellie Liang, 2018. "Monetary Policy, Financial Conditions, and Financial Stability," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 14(1), pages 73-131, January.
  5. Gabriel Chodorow‐Reich & Antonio Falato, 2022. "The Loan Covenant Channel: How Bank Health Transmits to the Real Economy," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 77(1), pages 85-128, February.
  6. Haoran Xu & William J. Moser, 2022. "Terrorism and Corporate Tax Avoidance," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 58(1), pages 174-208, March.
  7. Xu, Guang & Zhang, Xiaoyan, 2024. "The aftermath of covenant violations: Evidence from China's corporate debt securities," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
  8. Giroud, Xavier & Mueller, Holger M., 2021. "Firm leverage and employment dynamics," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(3), pages 1381-1394.
  9. Si, Yi & Yu, Minfeng & Zhang, Lei & Zhou, Qing (Clara), 2025. "Board reforms and firm employment: Worldwide evidence," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
  10. Liu, Tingwen & Liu, Jie & Cheng, Tzu-Chang Forrest, 2025. "Heterogeneity in the effect of green financing constraints on labor investment efficiency: A causal forest approach," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
  11. Ding, Hui & Liu, Chenguang & Ni, Xiaoran, 2023. "Creditor protection and labor investment efficiency: Evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PD).
  12. Jin, Long & Song, Yuhang & Pan, Changchun, 2024. "Does peer firms' debt default have positive externalities: The investment efficiency perspective," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
  13. Wenlian Gao & Feifei Zhu & Kai Chen, 2023. "The role of bank lenders in firm leverage adjustments," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 46(1), pages 63-97, February.
  14. Yuan, Zhengrong & Yu, Qiuzuo, 2025. "Shadow banking contraction and employment decisions in manufacturing firms: Empirical evidence from China's new asset management regulations," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 131-149.
  15. Styliani Panetsidou & Angelos Synapis & Ioannis Tsalavoutas, 2022. "Price run-ups and insider trading laws under different regulatory environments," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 59(2), pages 601-639, August.
  16. Thomas Ruchti & Andrew Bird & Stephen A. Karolyi & Michael Hertzel, 2024. "The Value of Lending Relationships," Working Papers 24-02, Office of Financial Research, US Department of the Treasury.
  17. Zhiming Ma & Derrald Stice & Christopher Williams, 2022. "What's my style? Supply‐side determinants of debt covenant inclusion," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(3-4), pages 461-490, March.
  18. Karolis Liaudinskas & Kristina Grigaitė, 2021. "Estimating firms’ bank-switching costs," Working Paper 2021/4, Norges Bank.
  19. Ben S. Bernanke, 2018. "The Real Effects of Disrupted Credit: Evidence from the Global Financial Crisis," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 49(2 (Fall)), pages 251-342.
  20. Chatterjee, Chandrani & Shroff, Arpita A. & Sivaramakrishnan, K., 2022. "Debt contracting and the goodwill debate," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(2).
  21. Timothy E. Dore & Rebecca Zarutskie, 2017. "Firm Leverage, Labor Market Size, and Employee Pay," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2017-078, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
  22. Bo Gao & Jing Ma & Zheng Wang, 2021. "The employment and wage effects of export VAT rebates: evidence from China," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 157(2), pages 347-373, May.
  23. Brockman, Paul & Luo, Juan & Xu, Limin, 2020. "The impact of short-selling pressure on corporate employee relations," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
  24. Gill, Balbinder Singh & Choi, Jongmoo Jay & John, Kose, 2024. "Firm leverage and employee pay: The moderating role of CEO leadership style," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 95(PA).
  25. Campello, Murillo & Connolly, Robert A. & Kankanhalli, Gaurav & Steiner, Eva, 2022. "Do real estate values boost corporate borrowing? Evidence from contract-level data," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(2), pages 611-644.
  26. Popov, Alexander & Zaharia, Sonia, 2017. "Credit market competition and the gender gap: evidence from local labor markets," Working Paper Series 2086, European Central Bank.
  27. Daniel Covitz & Nellie Liang & Tobias Adrian, 2015. "Financial Stability Monitoring," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 7(1), pages 357-395, December.
  28. Chowdhury, Hasibul & Hossain, Ashrafee & Masum, Abdullah-Al & Zheng, Jiayi, 2023. "Does corporate sexual orientation equality affect labor investment efficiency?," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
  29. John R. Graham & Hyunseob Kim & Si Li & Jiaping Qiu, 2019. "Employee Costs of Corporate Bankruptcy," NBER Working Papers 25922, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  30. Hu, Shiyang & Li, Xiao & Tian, Gary Gang & Zhao, Jianyu, 2024. "From debt breaches to employee safety: The hidden power of banking interventions," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 56(6).
  31. Haotian Xiang, 2019. "Time Inconsistency and Financial Covenants," 2019 Meeting Papers 63, Society for Economic Dynamics.
  32. Yusuf Kenan Bağır & Ünal Seven, 2022. "Access to finance and productivity growth: the role of own and suppliers’ financial constraints," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 63(6), pages 3095-3119, December.
  33. Falk Bräuning & Victoria Ivashina & Ali Ozdagli, 2022. "High-Yield Debt Covenants and Their Real Effects," NBER Working Papers 29888, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  34. Kim Nguyen, 2022. "The Real Effects of Debt Covenants: Evidence from Australia," RBA Research Discussion Papers rdp2022-05, Reserve Bank of Australia.
  35. Qiu, Jiaping & Wan, Chi & Wang, Yan, 2024. "Labor-saving innovations and capital structure," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
  36. Jia Liao & Yun Zhan & Yu Yuan, 2024. "Top management team stability and corporate default risk: The moderating effects of industry competition and strategic deviance," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 45(2), pages 809-827, March.
  37. Stefano Colonnello & Michael Koetter & Moritz Stieglitz, 2021. "Benign Neglect Of Covenant Violations: Blissful Banking Or Ignorant Monitoring?," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 59(1), pages 459-477, January.
  38. Antonio Falato & Hyunseob Kim & Till M. von Wachter, 2022. "Shareholder Power and the Decline of Labor," NBER Working Papers 30203, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  39. Ulrike Malmendier, 2018. "Behavioral Corporate Finance," NBER Working Papers 25162, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  40. Billett, Matthew T. & Esmer, Burcu & Yu, Miaomiao, 2018. "Creditor control and product-market competition," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 87-100.
  41. Araujo, Aloisio & Ferreira, Rafael & Lagaras, Spyridon & Moraes, Flavio & Ponticelli, Jacopo & Tsoutsoura, Margarita, 2023. "The labor effects of judicial bias in bankruptcy," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 150(2).
  42. Jose M. Berrospide & Ralf R. Meisenzahl, 2022. "The Real Effects of Credit Line Drawdowns," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 18(3), pages 321-397, September.
  43. Zia Abbas & Syed Faizan Iftikhar & Shaista Alam, 2019. "Does bank capital affect the monetary policy transmission mechanism? A case study of Emerging Market Economies (EMEs)," International Journal of Financial Engineering (IJFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 6(02), pages 1-20, June.
  44. Filipe Correia & Gustavo S. Cortes & Thiago C. Silva, 2021. "Is Corporate Credit Risk Propagated to Employees?," Working Papers Series 551, Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department.
  45. Popov, Alexander & Rocholl, Jörg, 2018. "Do credit shocks affect labor demand? Evidence for employment and wages during the financial crisis," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 16-27.
  46. Laeven, Luc & McAdam, Peter & Popov, Alexander, 2023. "Credit shocks, employment protection, and growth:firm-level evidence from spain," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
  47. Friedrich, Benjamin U. & Zator, Michał, 2023. "Flexibility costs of debt: Danish exporters during the cartoon crisis," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 148(2), pages 91-117.
  48. Weimin Liu & Di Luo & Seyoung Park & Huainan Zhao, 2022. "The cross‐sectional return predictability of employment growth: A liquidity risk explanation," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 57(1), pages 155-178, February.
  49. Jeffrey Pittman & Yuping Zhao, 2020. "Debt Covenant Restriction, Financial Misreporting, and Auditor Monitoring," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(4), pages 2145-2185, December.
  50. Wagner, Wolf & Lambert, Thomas & Zhang, Eden Quxian, 2020. "Banks, Political Capital, and Growth," CEPR Discussion Papers 15612, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  51. Popov, Alexander & Zaharia, Sonia, 2019. "Credit market competition and the gender gap in labor force participation: Evidence from local markets," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 25-59.
  52. Ömer Tuğsal Doruk, 2024. "The dark side of finance: the link between financialisation and labour investment in emerging Asian countries," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 57(6), pages 1-20, December.
  53. Mauricio Villamizar‐Villegas & Freddy A. Pinzon‐Puerto & Maria Alejandra Ruiz‐Sanchez, 2022. "A comprehensive history of regression discontinuity designs: An empirical survey of the last 60 years," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(4), pages 1130-1178, September.
  54. Claessens, Stijn & Ueda, Kenichi, 2020. "Basic Employment Protection, Bargaining Power, and Economic Outcomes," Journal of Law, Finance, and Accounting, now publishers, vol. 5(2), pages 179-229, September.
  55. Andriosopoulos, Dimitris & Panetsidou, Styliani, 2021. "A global analysis of Private Investments in Public Equity," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
  56. David Van Dijcke & Marcus Buckmann & Arthur Turrell & Tomas Key, 2023. "Vacancy posting, firm balance sheets, and pandemic policy," Bank of England working papers 1033, Bank of England.
  57. Li, Mingming & Liu, Haiming & Chiang, Yao-Min, 2022. "Government intervention, leverage adjustment, and firm performance: Evidence from defaulting firms," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
  58. C. S. Agnes Cheng & Weihang Sun & Kangtao Ye & Ning Zhang, 2020. "The Effect of Auditing on Promoting Exports: Evidence from Private Firms in Emerging Markets," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 66(4), pages 1692-1716, April.
  59. Janet Gao & Yeejin Jang, 0. "What Drives Global Lending Syndication? Effects of Cross-Country Capital Regulation Gaps," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 25(2), pages 519-559.
  60. Christie, Nick & Jankensgård, Håkan & Marinelli, Nicoletta, 2024. "The Black Swan problem: The role of capital, liquidity and operating flexibility," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
  61. Haoyi Yang & Shikong Luo, 2023. "A dark side to options trading? Evidence from corporate default risk," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 60(2), pages 531-564, February.
  62. Nuri Ersahin & Rustom M. Irani & Hanh Le, 2015. "Creditor Control Rights and Resource Allocation within Firms," Working Papers 15-39, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
  63. Teoh, Ken, 2025. "Anticipating binding constraints: An analysis of debt covenants," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
  64. Yao, Wenyun & Zhang, Yi & Ma, Jingwen & Cui, Guanghui, 2023. "Does environmental regulation affect capital-labor ratio of manufacturing enterprises: Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
  65. Keil, Jan, 2017. "The trouble with approximating industry concentration from Compustat," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 467-479.
  66. Shang, Chenguang, 2021. "Dare to play with fire? Managerial ability and the use of short-term debt," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
  67. David A. Matsa, 2018. "Capital Structure and a Firm’s Workforce," NBER Working Papers 25125, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  68. Monteiro, Pedro & Suleymanov, Masim, 2025. "Government contracts and labor investment efficiency," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
  69. Thomas Drechsel, 2023. "Earnings-Based Borrowing Constraints and Macroeconomic Fluctuations," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 15(2), pages 1-34, April.
  70. Sharjil M. Haque & Anya V. Kleymenova, 2023. "Private Equity and Debt Contract Enforcement: Evidence from Covenant Violations," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2023-018, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
  71. Ghaly, Mohamed & Dang, Viet Anh & Stathopoulos, Konstantinos, 2020. "Institutional investors' horizons and corporate employment decisions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
  72. Beiqi Lin & Chelsea Liu & Kelvin Jui Keng Tan & Qing Zhou, 2020. "CEO turnover and bankrupt firms’ emergence," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(9-10), pages 1238-1267, October.
  73. Gregor Bäurle & Sarah M. Lein & Elizabeth Steiner, 2017. "Employment Adjustment and Financial Constraints - Evidence from Firm-level Data," Working Papers 2017-18, Swiss National Bank.
  74. Mazumder, Sharif & Pugachev, Leonid, 2025. "Managing man and machine: Automation potential and labor investment efficiency," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
  75. Cuili Qian & Donal Crilly & Ke Wang & Zheng Wang, 2021. "Why Do Banks Favor Employee-Friendly Firms? A Stakeholder-Screening Perspective," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 32(3), pages 605-624, May.
  76. Keil, Jan, 2023. "Lending relationships when creditors are in control," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
  77. Daniel Ferreira & Miguel A. Ferreira & Beatriz Mariano, 2018. "Creditor Control Rights and Board Independence," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 73(5), pages 2385-2423, October.
  78. Xing, Xuejing & Yan, Shan, 2018. "Labor unions and information asymmetry among investors," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 174-187.
  79. Luan, Fushu & Chen, Yang & Lang, Lin & Lim, King Yoong, 2025. "Banking prudentials, leverage, and innovation partnership choice in China," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
  80. Thomas Lambert & Wolf Wagner & Eden Quxian Zhang, 2023. "Banks, Political Capital, and Growth," The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 12(3), pages 613-655.
  81. Bäurle, Gregor & Lein, Sarah M. & Steiner, Elizabeth, 2021. "Employment adjustment and financial tightness – Evidence from firm-level data," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
  82. Gu, Leilei & Ni, Xiaoran & Tian, Guangning, 2022. "Controlling shareholder expropriation and labor investment efficiency," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 261-274.
  83. Ersahin, Nuri & Irani, Rustom M. & Le, Hanh, 2021. "Creditor control rights and resource allocation within firms," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 139(1), pages 186-208.
  84. Ruhnke, Carsten S., 2022. "Implications of the Creditors' Influence on Corporate Decisions," Junior Management Science (JUMS), Junior Management Science e. V., vol. 7(1), pages 150-184.
  85. Choi, Jung Ho & Gipper, Brandon, 2024. "Fraudulent financial reporting and the consequences for employees," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(1).
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