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Diversifier or more? Hedge and safe haven properties of green bonds during COVID-19

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Cited by:

  1. Kamal, Javed Bin & Hassan, M. Kabir, 2022. "Asymmetric connectedness between cryptocurrency environment attention index and green assets," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 25(C).
  2. Elsayed, Ahmed H. & Naifar, Nader & Nasreen, Samia & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar, 2022. "Dependence structure and dynamic connectedness between green bonds and financial markets: Fresh insights from time-frequency analysis before and during COVID-19 pandemic," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
  3. Mirza, Nawazish & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Ha Nguyen, Thi Thu & Arfaoui, Nadia & Oliyide, Johnson A., 2023. "Are sustainable investments interdependent? The international evidence," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
  4. Kocaarslan, Baris & Mushtaq, Rizwan, 2024. "The impact of liquidity conditions on the time-varying link between U.S. municipal green bonds and major risky markets during the COVID-19 crisis: A machine learning approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
  5. Benkraiem, Ramzi & Guesmi, Khaled & Ndubuisi, Gideon & Urom, Christian & Vigne, Samuel, 2024. "Dependence of green energy markets on big data and other fourth industrial revolution technologies," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
  6. Pham, Son D. & Nguyen, Thao T.T. & Do, Hung X., 2024. "Impact of climate policy uncertainty on return spillover among green assets and portfolio implications," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
  7. Hacıömeroğlu, Hande Ayaydın & Danışoğlu, Seza & Güner, Z. Nuray, 2022. "For the love of the environment: An analysis of Green versus Brown bonds during the COVID-19 pandemic," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PA).
  8. Arfaoui, Nadia & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Maherzi, Teja & Kayani, Umar Nawaz, 2024. "Can green investment funds hedge climate risk?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
  9. Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Ashraf, Sania & Karim, Sitara & Moussa, Faten, 2024. "Green finance under stress: Unraveling the spillover effects of tail risk," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(PA), pages 225-236.
  10. Özkan, Oktay & Meo, Muhammad Saeed & Younus, Mehak, 2024. "Unearthing the hedge and safe-haven potential of green investment funds for energy commodities," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
  11. Fernandes, Leonardo H.S. & Silva, José W.L. & de Araujo, Fernando H.A. & Tabak, Benjamin M., 2023. "Multifractal cross-correlations between green bonds and financial assets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
  12. Arfaoui, Nadia & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Boubaker, Sabri & Mirza, Nawazish & Karim, Sitara, 2023. "Interdependence of clean energy and green markets with cryptocurrencies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
  13. Liu, Fangying & Qin, Chuan & Qin, Meng & Stefea, Petru & Norena-Chavez, Diego, 2024. "Geopolitical risk: An opportunity or a threat to the green bond market?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
  14. Zhou, You & Lin, Lichao & Huang, Ziling, 2024. "Diversification value of green Bonds: Fresh evidence from China," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
  15. Ringstad, Ingrid Emilie Flessum & Tselika, Kyriaki, 2024. "Connectedness between green bonds, clean energy markets and carbon quota prices: Time and frequency dynamics," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 36(C).
  16. Pan, Zhijie & Zheng, Yanting & Xu, Dandan & Wang, Ting, 2024. "How green screening influences risk transmission among stock-bond indices: Insight into the dependence structure," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 69(PA).
  17. Zargar, Faisal Nazir & Mohnot, Rajesh & Hamouda, Foued & Arfaoui, Nadia, 2024. "Risk dynamics in energy transition: Evaluating downside risks and interconnectedness in fossil fuel and renewable energy markets," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
  18. Umar, Zaghum & Usman, Muhammad & Choi, Sun-Yong & Rice, John, 2023. "Diversification benefits of NFTs for conventional asset investors: Evidence from CoVaR with higher moments and optimal hedge ratios," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
  19. Seok-Jun Yun & Sun-Yong Choi & Young Sung Kim, 2023. "Examining the hedge performance of US dollar, VIX, and gold during the coronavirus pandemic: Is US dollar a better hedge asset?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(10), pages 1-19, October.
  20. Shivam Azad & S. L. Tulasi Devi, 2025. "Sustainable development and investor confidence: The safe‐haven appeal of green‐bond issuing firms," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(1), pages 1249-1268, February.
  21. Sharma, Gagan Deep & Sarker, Tapan & Rao, Amar & Talan, Gaurav & Jain, Mansi, 2022. "Revisiting conventional and green finance spillover in post-COVID world: Evidence from robust econometric models," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
  22. Sharma, Gagan Deep & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Singh, Sanjeet & Chopra, Ritika & Cifuentes-Faura, Javier, 2023. "Investigating the nexus between green economy, sustainability, bitcoin and oil prices: Contextual evidence from the United States," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
  23. Aamir Aijaz Syed & Farhan Ahmed & Muhammad Abdul Kamal & Assad Ullah & Jose Pedro Ramos-Requena, 2022. "Is There an Asymmetric Relationship between Economic Policy Uncertainty, Cryptocurrencies, and Global Green Bonds? Evidence from the United States of America," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-15, February.
  24. Ren, Xiaohang & Li, Yiying & yan, Cheng & Wen, Fenghua & Lu, Zudi, 2022. "The interrelationship between the carbon market and the green bonds market: Evidence from wavelet quantile-on-quantile method," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
  25. Huang, Zishan & Zhu, Huiming & Hau, Liya & Deng, Xi, 2023. "Time-frequency co-movement and network connectedness between green bond and financial asset markets: Evidence from multiscale TVP-VAR analysis," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
  26. Gholipour, Hassan F. & Arjomandi, Amir & Yam, Sharon, 2022. "Green property finance and CO2 emissions in the building industry," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
  27. Chi Wei Su & Xin Yue Song & Meng Qin & Oana‐Ramona Lobonţ, 2025. "Green intent or black smoke: Exploring investor sentiment on sustainable development," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(2), pages 1856-1872, April.
  28. Huang, Jie & Cao, Yu & Zhong, Pengshu, 2022. "Searching for a safe haven to crude oil: Green bond or precious metals?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
  29. Izunna Anyikwa & Andrew Phiri, 2023. "Connectedness and spillover between African equity, commodity, foreign exchange and cryptocurrency markets during the COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine conflict," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 9(1), pages 1-18, December.
  30. Imran, Zulfiqar Ali & Ahad, Muhammad, 2023. "Safe-haven properties of green bonds for industrial sectors (GICS) in the United States: Evidence from Covid-19 pandemic and Global Financial Crisis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 408-423.
  31. Qi, Xiaohong & Zhang, Guofu, 2022. "Dynamic connectedness of China’s green bonds and asset classes," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
  32. Xu, Danyang & Hu, Yang & Corbet, Shaen & Hou, Yang (Greg) & Oxley, Les, 2024. "Green bonds and traditional and emerging investments: Understanding connectedness during crises," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
  33. Khalfaoui, Rabeh & Mefteh-Wali, Salma & Dogan, Buhari & Ghosh, Sudeshna, 2023. "Extreme spillover effect of COVID-19 pandemic-related news and cryptocurrencies on green bond markets: A quantile connectedness analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
  34. Bouteska, Ahmed & Ha, Le Thanh & Bhuiyan, Faruk & Sharif, Taimur & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul, 2024. "Contagion between investor sentiment and green bonds in China during the global uncertainties," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(PA), pages 469-484.
  35. Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Farid, Saqib & Ferrer, Román & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain, 2021. "Comparative efficiency of green and conventional bonds pre- and during COVID-19: An asymmetric multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
  36. Arif, Muhammad & Hasan, Mudassar & Alawi, Suha M. & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr, 2021. "COVID-19 and time-frequency connectedness between green and conventional financial markets," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
  37. Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Appiah, Michael & Taden, John & Amoasi, Richard & Gyamfi, Bright Akwasi, 2023. "Transitioning to clean energy: Assessing the impact of renewable energy, bio-capacity and access to clean fuel on carbon emissions in OECD economies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PA).
  38. Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Abakah, Emmanuel Joel Aikins & Doğan, Buhari & Ghosh, Sudeshna, 2023. "Sustainable debt and gas markets: A new look using the time-varying wavelet-windowed cross-correlation approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
  39. Zhao, Mingguo & Park, Hail, 2024. "Quantile time-frequency spillovers among green bonds, cryptocurrencies, and conventional financial markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
  40. Su, Xianfang & He, Jian, 2024. "Quantile connectedness among fintech, carbon future, and energy markets: Implications for hedging and investment strategies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
  41. Younis, Ijaz & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Shah, Waheed Ullah & Tang, Xuan, 2025. "Inter- and intra-connectedness between energy, gold, Bitcoin, and Gulf cooperation council stock markets: New evidence from various financial crises," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(PA).
  42. Reboredo, Juan C. & Ugolini, Andrea & Ojea-Ferreiro, Javier, 2022. "Do green bonds de-risk investment in low-carbon stocks?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
  43. Román Ferrer & Rafael Benítez & Vicente J. Bolós, 2021. "Interdependence between Green Financial Instruments and Major Conventional Assets: A Wavelet-Based Network Analysis," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-20, April.
  44. Nini Johana Marín-Rodríguez & Juan David González-Ruiz & Alejandro Valencia-Arias, 2023. "Incorporating Green Bonds into Portfolio Investments: Recent Trends and Further Research," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-32, October.
  45. Kaur Rajbeer & Kumar Parveen & Radulescu Magdalena & Mohd Sharif & Dascalu Nicoleta, 2025. "Spillover Nexus among Green Cryptocurrency, Sectoral Renewable Energy Equity Stock and Agricultural Commodity: Implications for Portfolio Diversification," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 19(1), pages 1-26.
  46. Burak Büyükoğlu, 2022. "Analysis of the Relationship between Green Bonds and Equity Markets by Cross-Quantilogram Method," Journal of Research in Economics, Politics & Finance, Ersan ERSOY, vol. 7(4), pages 855-868.
  47. Xia, Yufei & Shi, Zhengxu & Du, Xiaoying & Niu, Mengyi & Cai, Rongjiang, 2023. "Can green assets hedge against economic policy uncertainty? Evidence from China with portfolio implications," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 55(PA).
  48. Alomari, Mohammed & Belghouthi, Houssem Eddine & Mensi, Walid & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2024. "Extreme time-frequency connectedness between energy sector markets and financial markets," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 847-877.
  49. Ben Ameur, Hachmi & Ftiti, Zied & Louhichi, Waël & Yousfi, Mohamed, 2024. "Do green investments improve portfolio diversification? Evidence from mean conditional value-at-risk optimization," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
  50. Ren, Boru & Lucey, Brian & Luo, Qirui, 2023. "An examination of green bonds as a hedge and safe haven for international equity markets," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
  51. Cepni, Oguzhan & Demirer, Riza & Pham, Linh & Rognone, Lavinia, 2023. "Climate uncertainty and information transmissions across the conventional and ESG assets," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
  52. Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Iqbal, Najaf & Karim, Sitara & Lucey, Brian M., 2023. "From forests to faucets to fuel: Investigating the domino effect of extreme risk in timber, water, and energy markets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 55(PB).
  53. Patel, Ritesh & Kumar, Sanjeev & Agnihotri, Shalini, 2025. "Unveiling the crypto-green nexus: A risk management and investment strategy approach through the lens of NFTs, DeFis, green cryptocurrencies, and green investments," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(PA).
  54. Yousaf, Imran & Cui, Jinxin & Ali, Shoaib, 2024. "Dynamic spillover between green cryptocurrencies and stocks: A portfolio implication," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(PB).
  55. Batra, Shallu & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Yadav, Mahender & Danso, Albert, 2025. "Connectedness among diverse financial assets: Evidence from cryptocurrency uncertainty indices," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
  56. Liu, Bing & Sun, Huimin & Xiao, Siqing, 2024. "Potential of pension funds and insurance companies for investment in resources: Policies for sustainable transition," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
  57. Mensi, Walid & Selmi, Refk & Al-Kharusi, Sami & Belghouthi, Houssem Eddine & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2024. "Connectedness between green bonds, conventional bonds, oil, heating oil, natural gas, and petrol: new evidence during bear and bull market scenarios," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
  58. Kuan-Min Wang & Yuan-Ming Lee, 2023. "Are life insurance futures a safe haven during COVID-19?," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-27, December.
  59. Karkowska, Renata & Urjasz, Szczepan, 2024. "Volatility transmission and hedging strategies across green and conventional stocks in global markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PB).
  60. Rivera-Alonso, David & Iglesias, Emma M., 2024. "Is the Chinese crude oil spot price a good hedging tool for other crude oil prices, and in special for the main Russian oil benchmarks and during international sanctions?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
  61. Lucey, Brian & Yahya, Muhammad & Khoja, Layla & Uddin, Gazi Salah & Ahmed, Ali, 2024. "Interconnectedness and risk profile of hydrogen against major asset classes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
  62. Martiradonna, Monica & Romagnoli, Silvia & Santini, Amia, 2023. "The beneficial role of green bonds as a new strategic asset class: Dynamic dependencies, allocation and diversification before and during the pandemic era," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
  63. Mensi, Walid & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2022. "Dynamic and frequency spillovers between green bonds, oil and G7 stock markets: Implications for risk management," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 331-344.
  64. Bouri, Elie & Gök, Remzi & Gemi̇ci̇, Eray & Kara, Erkan, 2024. "Do geopolitical risk, economic policy uncertainty, and oil implied volatility drive assets across quantiles and time-horizons?," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 137-154.
  65. Umar, Zaghum & Usman, Muhammad & Umar, Muhammad & Ktaish, Farah, 2024. "Interdependencies and risk management strategies between green cryptocurrencies and traditional energy sources," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
  66. Ahad, Muhammad & Imran, Zulfiqar Ali & Shahzad, Khurram, 2024. "Safe haven between European ESG and energy sector under Russian-Ukraine war: Role of sustainable investments for portfolio diversification," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
  67. Zhang, Jie & Chen, Zhiguo & Altuntaş, Mehmet, 2022. "Tracing volatility in natural resources, green finance and investment in energy resources: Fresh evidence from China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
  68. Mensi, Walid & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Ko, Hee-Un & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2023. "Frequency spillovers between green bonds, global factors and stock market before and during COVID-19 crisis," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 558-580.
  69. Abban, Olivier Joseph & Xing, Yao Hong & Nuţă, Alina Cristina & Nuţă, Florian Marcel & Borah, Prasad Siba & Ofori, Charles & Jing, Yao Jing, 2023. "Policies for carbon-zero targets: Examining the spillover effects of renewable energy and patent applications on environmental quality in Europe," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
  70. Oliyide, Johnson A. & Adekoya, Oluwasegun B. & Marie, Mohamed & Al-Faryan, Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh, 2023. "Green finance and commodities: Cross-market connectedness during different COVID-19 episodes," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
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