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Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: A review of subcritical water technologies

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  1. Isa, Khairuddin Md & Abdullah, Tuan Amran Tuan & Ali, Umi Fazara Md, 2018. "Hydrogen donor solvents in liquefaction of biomass: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 1259-1268.
  2. Srirangan, Kajan & Akawi, Lamees & Moo-Young, Murray & Chou, C. Perry, 2012. "Towards sustainable production of clean energy carriers from biomass resources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 172-186.
  3. Taghipour, Alireza & Ramirez, Jerome A. & Brown, Richard J. & Rainey, Thomas J., 2019. "A review of fractional distillation to improve hydrothermal liquefaction biocrude characteristics; future outlook and prospects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
  4. Li, Qingyin & Yuan, Xiangzhou & Hu, Xun & Meers, Erik & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Duan, Peigao & Zhang, Shicheng & Lee, Ki Bong & Ok, Yong Sik, 2022. "Co-liquefaction of mixed biomass feedstocks for bio-oil production: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
  5. Cheng, Feng & Cui, Zheng & Chen, Lin & Jarvis, Jacqueline & Paz, Neil & Schaub, Tanner & Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany & Brewer, Catherine E., 2017. "Hydrothermal liquefaction of high- and low-lipid algae: Bio-crude oil chemistry," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 278-292.
  6. Deliang Kong & Changbin Yuan & Maojiong Cao & Zihan Wang & Yuanhui Zhang & Zhidan Liu, 2023. "An Ecological Toilet System Incorporated with a Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-13, April.
  7. Gao, Ying & Wang, Xianhua & Wang, Jun & Li, Xiangpeng & Cheng, Jianjun & Yang, Haiping & Chen, Hanping, 2013. "Effect of residence time on chemical and structural properties of hydrochar obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of water hyacinth," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 376-383.
  8. Pearce, Matthew & Shemfe, Mobolaji & Sansom, Christopher, 2016. "Techno-economic analysis of solar integrated hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 19-26.
  9. Yoo, Gursong & Park, Min S. & Yang, Ji-Won & Choi, Minkee, 2015. "Lipid content in microalgae determines the quality of biocrude and Energy Return On Investment of hydrothermal liquefaction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 354-361.
  10. Marcin Herkowiak & Andrzej Osuch & Ewa Osuch & Bogusława Waliszewska & Grzegorz Zając, 2021. "Analysis of the Possibility of Management of Curly-Leaf Pondweed for Energetic Purposes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-14, September.
  11. Déniel, Maxime & Haarlemmer, Geert & Roubaud, Anne & Weiss-Hortala, Elsa & Fages, Jacques, 2016. "Energy valorisation of food processing residues and model compounds by hydrothermal liquefaction," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1632-1652.
  12. Shahbeik, Hossein & Kazemi Shariat Panahi, Hamed & Dehhaghi, Mona & Guillemin, Gilles J. & Fallahi, Alireza & Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, Homa & Amiri, Hamid & Rehan, Mohammad & Raikwar, Deepak & Latine, , 2024. "Biomass to biofuels using hydrothermal liquefaction: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
  13. Tian, Yue & Kim, Junghwan & Liu, Yi, 2025. "Interpretable machine learning model for bio-oil property prediction from hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass via graph neural networks-based molecular structure," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 329(C).
  14. Wu, Yujian & Wang, Haoyu & Li, Haoyang & Han, Xue & Zhang, Mingyuan & Sun, Yan & Fan, Xudong & Tu, Ren & Zeng, Yimin & Xu, Chunbao Charles & Xu, Xiwei, 2022. "Applications of catalysts in thermochemical conversion of biomass (pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction and gasification): A critical review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 462-481.
  15. Yan, Shuo & Xia, Dehong & Zhang, Xinru & Liu, Xiangjun, 2022. "Synergistic mechanism of enhanced biocrude production during hydrothermal co-liquefaction of biomass model components: A molecular dynamics simulation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
  16. Thiruvenkadam, Selvakumar & Izhar, Shamsul & Yoshida, Hiroyuki & Danquah, Michael K. & Harun, Razif, 2015. "Process application of Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) for algal bio-products and biofuels production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 815-828.
  17. Masoumi, Shima & Boahene, Philip E. & Dalai, Ajay K., 2021. "Biocrude oil and hydrochar production and characterization obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae in methanol-water system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
  18. Stefano Dell’Orco & Edoardo Miliotti & Giulia Lotti & Andrea Maria Rizzo & Luca Rosi & David Chiaramonti, 2020. "Hydrothermal Depolymerization of Biorefinery Lignin-Rich Streams: Influence of Reaction Conditions and Catalytic Additives on the Organic Monomers Yields in Biocrude and Aqueous Phase," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-22, March.
  19. Kang, Shimin & Li, Xianglan & Fan, Juan & Chang, Jie, 2013. "Hydrothermal conversion of lignin: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 546-558.
  20. Zhu, Zhe & Toor, Saqib Sohail & Rosendahl, Lasse & Yu, Donghong & Chen, Guanyi, 2015. "Influence of alkali catalyst on product yield and properties via hydrothermal liquefaction of barley straw," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 284-292.
  21. Liu, Quan & Zhang, Guanyu & Liu, Mingyang & Kong, Ge & Xu, Ruolan & Han, Lujia & Zhang, Xuesong, 2022. "Fast hydrothermal liquefaction coupled with homogeneous catalysts to valorize livestock manure for enhanced biocrude oil and hydrochar production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 521-533.
  22. Jun Sheng Teh & Yew Heng Teoh & Heoy Geok How & Thanh Danh Le & Yeoh Jun Jie Jason & Huu Tho Nguyen & Dong Lin Loo, 2021. "The Potential of Sustainable Biomass Producer Gas as a Waste-to-Energy Alternative in Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-31, April.
  23. Feng, Huan & Zhang, Bo & He, Zhixia & Wang, Shuang & Salih, Osman & Wang, Qian, 2018. "Study on co-liquefaction of Spirulina and Spartina alterniflora in ethanol-water co-solvent for bio-oil," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 1093-1101.
  24. Yang, Jie & He, Quan (Sophia) & Niu, Haibo & Corscadden, Kenneth & Astatkie, Tess, 2018. "Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass model components for product yield prediction and reaction pathways exploration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1618-1628.
  25. Genel, Salih & Durak, Halil & Durak, Emre Demirer & Güneş, Hasret & Genel, Yaşar, 2023. "Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass with molybdenum, aluminum, cobalt metal powder catalysts and evaluation of wastewater by fungus cultivation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 20-32.
  26. Kang, Shijie & Sun, Youhong & Qiao, Mingyang & Li, Shengli & Deng, Sunhua & Guo, Wei & Li, Jiasheng & He, Wentong, 2022. "The enhancement on oil shale extraction of FeCl3 catalyst in subcritical water," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PA).
  27. Ramos Tercero, Elia Armandina & Sforza, Eleonora & Bertucco, Alberto, 2013. "Energy profitability analysis for microalgal biocrude production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 373-379.
  28. Savvas L. Douvartzides & Nikolaos D. Charisiou & Kyriakos N. Papageridis & Maria A. Goula, 2019. "Green Diesel: Biomass Feedstocks, Production Technologies, Catalytic Research, Fuel Properties and Performance in Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-41, February.
  29. Makoto M. Watanabe & Andreas Isdepsky, 2021. "Biocrude Oil Production by Integrating Microalgae Polyculture and Wastewater Treatment: Novel Proposal on the Use of Deep Water-Depth Polyculture of Mixotrophic Microalgae," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-29, October.
  30. Wu, Xiao-Fei & Yin, Shuang-Shuang & Zhou, Qian & Li, Ming-Fei & Peng, Feng & Xiao, Xiao, 2019. "Subcritical liquefaction of lignocellulose for the production of bio-oils in ethanol/water system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 865-872.
  31. Bhutto, Abdul Waheed & Qureshi, Khadija & Harijan, Khanji & Abro, Rashid & Abbas, Tauqeer & Bazmi, Aqeel Ahmed & Karim, Sadia & Yu, Guangren, 2017. "Insight into progress in pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 724-745.
  32. Kandasamy, Sabariswaran & Zhang, Bo & He, Zhixia & Chen, Haitao & Feng, Huan & Wang, Qian & Wang, Bin & Ashokkumar, Veeramuthu & Siva, Subramanian & Bhuvanendran, Narayanamoorthy & Krishnamoorthi, M., 2020. "Effect of low-temperature catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
  33. Zhuang, Xiuzheng & Liu, Jianguo & Zhang, Qi & Wang, Chenguang & Zhan, Hao & Ma, Longlong, 2022. "A review on the utilization of industrial biowaste via hydrothermal carbonization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
  34. Hu, Yaping & Lin, Junhao & Liao, Qinxiong & Sun, Shichang & Ma, Rui & Fang, Lin & Liu, Xiangli, 2021. "CO2-assisted catalytic municipal sludge for carbonaceous biofuel via sub- and supercritical water gasification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
  35. Ahmad, Nabeel & Ahmad, Nauman & Maafa, Ibrahim M. & Ahmed, Usama & Akhter, Parveen & Shehzad, Nasir & Amjad, Um-e-salma & Hussain, Murid & Javaid, Momina, 2020. "Conversion of poly-isoprene based rubber to value-added chemicals and liquid fuel via ethanolysis: Effect of operating parameters on product quality and quantity," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
  36. Mumtaz, Hamza & Sobek, Szymon & Sajdak, Marcin & Muzyka, Roksana & Werle, Sebastian, 2025. "Optimizing advanced oxidative liquefaction of municipal solid waste and personal protective equipment of medical sector for solid reduction and secondary compounds production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
  37. Parimi, Naga Sirisha & Singh, Manjinder & Kastner, James R. & Das, Keshav C., 2015. "Biomethane and biocrude oil production from protein extracted residual Spirulina platensis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P1), pages 697-704.
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