The state of hiring discrimination: A meta-analysis of (almost) all recent correspondence experiments
Citations
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Cited by:
- Van Borm, Hannah & Lippens, Louis & Baert, Stijn, 2022.
"An Arab, an Asian, and a Black Guy Walk into a Job Interview: Ethnic Stigma in Hiring after Controlling for Social Class,"
IZA Discussion Papers
15707, IZA Network @ LISER.
- Hannah Van Borm & Louis Lippens & Stijn Baert, 2022. "An Arab, an Asian, and a Black guy walk into a job interview: ethnic stigma in hiring after controlling for social class," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 22/1054, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
- L'Horty, Yannick & Mahmoudi, Naomie & Petit, Pascale & Wolff, François-Charles, 2022.
"Is disability more discriminatory in hiring than ethnicity, address or gender? Evidence from a multi-criteria correspondence experiment,"
Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).
- Yannick l'Horty & Naomie Mahmoudi & Pascale Petit & François-Charles Wolff, 2022. "Is disability more discriminatory in hiring than ethnicity, address or gender ? Evidence from a multi-criteria correspondence experiment," Post-Print hal-03913072, HAL.
- Fullard, Joshua, 2025. "Is the school workforce biased against men?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
- Louis Lippens & Stijn Baert & Brecht Neyt, 2025.
"Hiring discrimination across vulnerable groups,"
World of Labour, LISER, pages 515-515, February.
- Lippens, Louis & Neyt, Brecht & Baert, Stijn, 2025. "Hiring discrimination across vulnerable groups," OSF Preprints 7mt54_v1, Center for Open Science.
- Isaure Delaporte & Hill Kulu, 2024. "Family Formation and Employment Changes Among Descendants of Immigrants in France: A Multiprocess Analysis," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 40(1), pages 1-77, December.
- Noa Achouche, 2025. "The Labor Market Challenges and Coping Strategies of Highly Skilled Second-Generation Immigrants in Europe: A Scoping Review," Societies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-19, April.
- Maximin Lange & Alexandros Koliousis & Feras Fayez & Eoin Gogarty & Ricardo Twumasi, 2025. "Schizophrenia more employable than depression? Language-based artificial intelligence model ratings for employability of psychiatric diagnoses and somatic and healthy controls," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 20(1), pages 1-24, January.
- Hochleitner, Anna & Tufano, Fabio & Facchini, Giovanni & Rueda, Valeria & Eberhardt, Markus, 2025.
"How Tinted Are Your Glasses? Gender Views, Beliefs and Recommendations in Hiring,"
Discussion Paper Series in Economics
7/2025, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Economics.
- Anna Hochleitner & Fabio Tufano & Giovanni Facchini & Valeria Rueda & Markus Eberhardt, 2025. "How Tinted Are Your Glasses? Gender Views, Beliefs and Recommendations in Hiring," CESifo Working Paper Series 11789, CESifo.
- Hochleitner, Anna & Tufano, Fabio & Facchini, Giovanni & Rueda, Valeria & Eberhardt, Markus, 2025. "How Tinted Are Your Glasses? Gender Views, Beliefs and Recommendations in Hiring," CEPR Discussion Papers 20139, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
- Hochleitner, Anna & Tufano, Fabio & Facchini, Giovanni & Rueda, Valeria & Eberhardt, Markus, 2025. "How Tinted Are Your Glasses? Gender Views, Beliefs and Recommendations in Hiring," IZA Discussion Papers 17813, IZA Network @ LISER.
- Marcos Gallo & Carina I Hausladen & Ming Hsu & Adrianna C Jenkins & Vaida Ona & Colin F Camerer, 2024. "Perceived warmth and competence predict callback rates in meta-analyzed North American labor market experiments," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(7), pages 1-15, July.
- Nesseler, Cornel & Gomez-Gonzalez, Carlos & Parshakov, Petr & Dietl, Helmut, 2023. "Examining discrimination against Jews in Italy with three natural field experiments," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
- Anne, Denis & Moussi-Beylie, Florian, 2025. "Discrimination in access to sports associations: the effects of gender, origin and income," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(2).
- Gatta, Arianna, 2026. "Do employers discriminate against Active Labour Market Policies participants? A field experiment on the Youth Guarantee internship in Italy," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
- Guanyi Yang & Srinivasan Murali, 2024. "Macroeconomics of Racial Disparities: Discrimination, Labor Market, and Wealth," Papers 2412.00615, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2026.
- Gomez-Gonzalez, Carlos & Clochard, Gwen-Jirō & Dietl, Helmut & Duhalde, Juan Cruz, 2026. "Migration and sources of discrimination in a social context: Experimental evidence from 15 Latin American countries," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
- Fabregas, Raissa & Zanoni, Wladimir, 2025.
"The migrant penalty in Latin America: Experimental evidence from job recruiters,"
Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
- Zanoni, Wladimir & Fabregas, Raissa, 2024. "The Migrant Penalty in Latin America: Experimental Evidence from Job Recruiters," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 13804, Inter-American Development Bank.
- Devi Brands & Marcel Coenders & Harriët Prins & Bas ter Weel, 2026. "Can More Standardized Selection Processes Reduce Ethnic Discrimination in Recruitment? An Experimental Study on the Effectiveness of Resume Screening Methods for Internship Recruitment in the Netherlands," De Economist, Springer, vol. 174(2), pages 109-133, June.
- Irma Baraku & Giovanni Busetta, 2025. "Statistical and taste-based discrimination in the labor market: an analysis of European Countries to identify optimal policy interventions," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 59(1), pages 621-638, February.
- Ilan Shdema & Moshe Sharabi & Doaa Manadreh & Galit Yanay-Ventura, 2024. "Religiosity and labour market attainments of muslim-arab women in Israel," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 58(3), pages 2523-2542, June.
- Duhalde Juan Cruz & Gomez Gonzalez Carlos & Clochard Gwen-Jiro & Dietl Helmut, 2025. "A large-scale field experiment to disentangle sources of statistical discrimination in a social setting," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers 4796, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política.
- Baert, Stijn & Herregods, Jolien & Sterkens, Philippe, 2024.
"What does job applicants’ body art signal to employers?,"
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 217(C), pages 742-755.
- Stijn Baert & Jolien Herregods & Philippe Sterkens, 2023. "What does job applicants' body art signal to employers?," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 23/1072, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
- Baert, Stijn & Herregods, Jolien & Sterkens, Philippe, 2023. "What Does Job Applicants' Body Art Signal to Employers?," IZA Discussion Papers 16311, IZA Network @ LISER.
- Vincent Vandenberghe, 2025.
"In Europe, Arduous Jobs Fall on First-Generation Migrants: But Later Generations Benefit from Improved Opportunities,"
De Economist, Springer, vol. 173(3), pages 425-448, September.
- Vincent Vandenberghe, 2025. "In Europe, Arduous Jobs Fall On First-Generation Migrants. But Later Generations Benefit From Improved Opportunities," LIDAM Discussion Papers IRES 2025007, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).
- Vandenberghe, Vincent, 2025. "In Europe, Arduous Jobs Fall On First-Generation Migrants. But Later Generations Benefit From Improved Opportunities," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1595, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
- Kotyrlo, E. & Mun, M., 2025. "Ageism against women in hiring: Evidence from online-platform experiment," Journal of the New Economic Association, New Economic Association, vol. 69(4), pages 133-149.
- Vojtech Bartos, 2025. "Breaking Bias: Pathways to Reducing Discrimination," CESifo Working Paper Series 12045, CESifo.
- Sharon Braun & Jonathan Bushnell & Zachary Cowell & David Dowling Samuel Goldstein & Andrew Johnson & George Miller & John M. Nunley & R. Alan Seals & Mingzhou Wang, 2026. "Hiring Discrimination and the Task Content of Jobs: Evidence from a Large-Scale Resume Audit," Papers 2604.01933, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2026.
- Listo, Ariel & Muñoz, Ercio A. & Sansone, Dario, 2025.
"Measuring the Sources of Taste-Based Discrimination Using List Experiments,"
IZA Discussion Papers
17976, IZA Network @ LISER.
- Ariel Listo & Ercio A. Munoz & Dario Sansone, 2025. "Measuring the Sources of Taste-Based Discrimination Using List Experiments," Papers 2503.09846, arXiv.org.
- Listo, Ariel & Muñoz, Ercio & Sansone, Dario, 2026. "Measuring the Sources of Taste-Based Discrimination Using List Experiments," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 14488, Inter-American Development Bank.
- Yan, Wenshou & Song, Qiaoyin & Hu, Lin & Xue, Wenmei, 2025. "Does trade openness affect educational attainment? Insights from 25 years of research," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
- Kertesi, Gábor & Köllő, János & Szabó, Lajos Tamás & Károlyi, Róbert, 2022. "Hogyan lesz az etnikai előítéletből foglalkoztatási diszkrimináció? A kisvállalatok szerepe [How does ethnic prejudice turn into employment discrimination? The role of small companies]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(11), pages 1345-1376.
- Zanoni, Wladimir & Díaz, Lina, 2024. "Discrimination against migrants and its determinants: Evidence from a Multi-Purpose Field Experiment in the Housing Rental Market," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
- Laetitia Challe & Yannick L’Horty & Pascale Petit & François-Charles Wolff, 2025.
"Hiring Discrimination in Higher Education and Research,"
Economie et Statistique / Economics and Statistics, Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (INSEE), issue 548, pages 3-25.
- Laetitia Challe & Yannick L’horty & Pascale Petit & François-Charles Wolff, 2026. "Hiring Discrimination in Higher Education and Research [Les discriminations à l’embauche dans l’enseignement supérieur et la recherche]," Post-Print hal-05567570, HAL.
- Philippe Sterkens & Axana Dalle & Joey Wuyts & Ines Pauwels & Hellen Durinck & Stijn Baert, 2025. "Sexual orientation stereotypes and job candidate screening: why gay is (mostly) OK," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 38(1), pages 1-40, March.
- Schaerer, Michael & du Plessis, Christilene & Nguyen, My Hoang Bao & van Aert, Robbie C.M. & Tiokhin, Leo & Lakens, Daniël & Giulia Clemente, Elena & Pfeiffer, Thomas & Dreber, Anna & Johannesson, Mag, 2023. "On the trajectory of discrimination: A meta-analysis and forecasting survey capturing 44 years of field experiments on gender and hiring decisions," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
- Abdulla, Kanat & Mourelatos, Evangelos, 2025. "Does war increase ethnic discrimination in the labor market? Evidence from a field experiment," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
- Lippens, Louis & Vermeiren, Siel & Baert, Stijn, 2023.
"The state of hiring discrimination: A meta-analysis of (almost) all recent correspondence experiments,"
European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
- Lippens, Louis & Vermeiren, Siel & Baert, Stijn, 2021. "The state of hiring discrimination: A meta-analysis of (almost) all recent correspondence experiments," GLO Discussion Paper Series 972, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
- Lippens, Louis & Vermeiren, Siel & Baert, Stijn, 2021. "The State of Hiring Discrimination: A Meta-Analysis of (Almost) All Recent Correspondence Experiments," IZA Discussion Papers 14966, IZA Network @ LISER.
- Louis Lippens & Siel Vermeiren & Stijn Baert, 2021. "The state of hiring discrimination: A meta-analysis of (almost) all recent correspondence experiments," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 21/1035, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
- Dalle, Axana & Verhofstadt, Elsy & Baert, Stijn, 2024.
"The subsidy trap: Explaining the unsatisfactory effectiveness of hiring subsidies for the senior unemployed,"
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
- Dalle, Axana & Verhofstadt, Elsy & Baert, Stijn, 2024. "The Subsidy Trap: Explaining the Unsatisfactory Effectiveness of Hiring Subsidies for the Senior Unemployed," IZA Discussion Papers 16804, IZA Network @ LISER.
- Axana Dalle & Elsy Verhofstadt & Stijn Baert, 2024. "The subsidy trap: Explaining the unsatisfactory effectiveness of hiring subsidies for the senior unemployed," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 24/1082, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
- Sterkens, Philippe & Dalle, Axana & Wuyts, Joey & Pauwels, Ines & Durinck, Hellen & Baertf, Stijn, 2022.
"Homosexuality's Signalling Function in Job Candidate Screening: Why Gay is (Mostly) OK,"
GLO Discussion Paper Series
1090, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
- Sterkens, Philippe & Dalle, Axana & Wuyts, Joey & Pauwels, Ines & Durinck, Hellen & Baert, Stijn, 2022. "Homosexuality's Signalling Function in Job Candidate Screening: Why Gay Is (Mostly) OK," IZA Discussion Papers 15285, IZA Network @ LISER.
- Van Borm, Hannah & Baert, Stijn, 2022.
"Diving in the minds of recruiters: What triggers gender stereotypes in hiring?,"
GLO Discussion Paper Series
1083, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
- Hannah Van Borm & Stijn Baert, 2022. "Diving in the minds of recruiters: What triggers gender stereotypes in hiring?," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 22/1043, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
- Van Borm, Hannah & Baert, Stijn, 2022. "Diving in the Minds of Recruiters: What Triggers Gender Stereotypes in Hiring?," IZA Discussion Papers 15261, IZA Network @ LISER.
- Bryson, Alex & Morris, Tim & Bann, David & Wilkinson, David, 2025.
"The gender wage gap across life: Effects of genetic predisposition towards higher educational attainment,"
Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
- Bryson, Alex & Morris, Tim & Bann, David & Wilkinson, David, 2024. "The Gender Wage Gap across Life: Effects of Genetic Predisposition Towards Higher Educational Attainment," IZA Discussion Papers 17255, IZA Network @ LISER.
- Louise Devos & Louis Lippens & Stijn Baert & Pieter-Paul Verhaeghe, 2026.
"Different market, same treatment? A global comparison of hiring and housing discrimination,"
Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium
26/1143, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
- Devos, Louise & Lippens, Louis & Baert, Stijn & Verhaeghe, Pieter-Paul, 2026. "Different Market, Same Treatment? A Global Comparison of Hiring and Housing Discrimination," IZA Discussion Papers 18673, IZA Network @ LISER.
- Moens, Eline & De Pessemier, Dyllis & Baert, Stijn, 2025.
"How do recruiters assess applicants who express a political engagement?,"
European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
- Moens, Eline & De Pessemier, Dyllis & Baert, Stijn, 2024. "How Do Recruiters Assess Applicants Who Express a Political Engagement?," IZA Discussion Papers 16730, IZA Network @ LISER.
- Shirshikova, Alina & Cörvers, Frank & Montizaan, Raymond & Pfeifer, Harald, 2025. "Can skills alleviate ethnic discrimination in hiring?," ROA Research Memorandum 002, Maastricht University, Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market (ROA).
- Magnus Bygren & Anni Erlandsson & Michael Gähler, 2025. "The When and Whereabouts of Gender Hiring Discrimination," SAGE Open, , vol. 15(2), pages 21582440251, April.
- Krafft, Caroline, 2025. "Do employers discriminate against married women? Evidence from a field experiment in Egypt," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
- Asanov, Igor & Schirmacher, Helena & Bühren, Christoph, 2024. "A meta-analysis of lost-letter field experiments," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
- Lippens, Louis & Dalle, Axana & D'hondt, Fanny & Verhaeghe, Pieter-Paul & Baert, Stijn, 2023. "Understanding ethnic hiring discrimination: A contextual analysis of experimental evidence," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
- Axana DALLE & Philippe STERKENS & Stijn BAERT, 2024.
"A poisoned gift? The hireability signals of an income-support program for the senior unemployed,"
JODE - Journal of Demographic Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 90(4), pages 553-588, December.
- Dalle, Axana & Sterkens, Philippe & Baert, Stijn, 2024. "A poisoned gift? The hireability signals of an income-support program for the senior unemployed," Journal of Demographic Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 90(4), pages 553-588, December.
- Dalle, Axana & Sterkens, Philippe & Baert, Stijn, 2023. "A Poisoned Gift? The Hireability Signals of an Income-Support Program for the Senior Unemployed," IZA Discussion Papers 16057, IZA Network @ LISER.
- Axana Dalle & Philippe Sterkens & Stijn Baert, 2023. "A poisoned gift? The hireability signals of an income-support program for the senior unemployed," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 23/1066, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
- Kertesi, Gabor & Köllö, János & Károlyi, Róbert & Szabó, Lajos Tamás, 2025. "From Ethnic Prejudice to Employment Discrimination: The Role of Small Firms as Mediators," IZA Discussion Papers 17901, IZA Network @ LISER.
- Rinne, Ulf & Sonnabend, Hendrik & Wolters, Leonie, 2023. "Customer Discrimination and Ethnic Team Composition," IZA Discussion Papers 16315, IZA Network @ LISER.
- Dalle, Axana & Lippens, Louis & Baert, Stijn, 2023.
"Nothing Really Matters: Evaluating Demand-Side Moderators of Age Discrimination in Hiring,"
IZA Discussion Papers
16672, IZA Network @ LISER.
- Axana Dalle & Louis Lippens & Stijn Baert, 2023. "Nothing really matters: Evaluating demand-sidemoderators of age discrimination in hiring," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 23/1081, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
- Aylin Koçak & Nicolas Dirix & Wouter Duyck & Maaike Schellaert & Eva Derous, 2024. "Older and younger job seekers’ attention towards metastereotypes in job ads," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(10), pages 1-23, October.
- Goulas, Sofoklis, 2025. "The Value of Remote Work: A Correspondence Experiment on Tutors," IZA Discussion Papers 17592, IZA Network @ LISER.
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