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Aides incitatives et déterminants des embauches des établissements passés à 35 heures

Author

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  • Mathieu Bunel

    (CEE - Centre d'études de l'emploi - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche - Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Santé, CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Parmi les établissements passés aux 35 heures fin 2000, deux catégories peuvent être identifiées : les établissements ayant signé une convention " Robien " ou " Aubry 1 " et ayant bénéficié des aides incitatives et ceux passés aux 35 heures sans obtenir ces aides mais ayant bénéficié des allégements prévus par le dispositif " Aubry 2 ". L'analyse proposée vise à identifier les déterminants des créations d'emplois de ces deux catégories d'établissements ayant mis en oeuvre la réduction du temps de travail (RTT), en s'appuyant sur des données détaillées issues de l'enquête Passages réalisée en 2001 par la Dares et l'institut BVA. L'impact de l'ampleur de la variation du temps de travail, celui de l'évolution du coût du travail et celui des gains de productivité sont successivement étudiés. L'évaluation ex post souligne que ces variables, utilisées dans les modèles macroéconomiques prospectifs pour expliquer l'efficacité de la RTT sur l'emploi, influencent significativement l'ampleur des créations d'emplois de l'ensemble des établissements passés aux 35 heures. Toutefois, leur impact est plus fort sur les établissements ayant obtenu des aides incitatives. D'après l'enquête Passages, les effectifs des établissements ayant bénéficié des aides incitatives ont augmenté de plus de 10 % contre 4 % pour les autres. Afin d'expliquer cet écart, on le décompose en trois parties : celle liée aux modalités observées de mise en oeuvre de la RTT, celle liée aux caractéristiques non observées des établissements et celle provenant de l'effet de sélection des établissements les plus dynamiques. Près de la moitié de la différence moyenne de créations d'emplois entre les établissements ayant obtenu des aides incitatives et les autres s'explique par des disparités de mise en oeuvre de la RTT, notamment l'ampleur de la variation du temps de travail, l'évolution du coût du travail et les gains de productivité. Ainsi, la sélection des établissements les plus dynamiques n'est pas le seul élément expliquant les écarts de créations d'emplois observés.

Suggested Citation

  • Mathieu Bunel, 2004. "Aides incitatives et déterminants des embauches des établissements passés à 35 heures," Post-Print halshs-00658490, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00658490
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00658490
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Éric Heyer & Xavier Timbeau, 2000. "35 heures : réduction réduite," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 74(1), pages 53-95.
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    Cited by:

    1. Philippe Askenazy, 2013. "Working time regulation in France from 1996 to 2012," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 37(2), pages 323-347.
    2. Matthieu Bunel & Fabrice Gilles & Yannick L'Horty, 2009. "The effect of social security payroll tax reductions on employment and wages: an evaluation of the 2003 French reform," Working Papers hal-01292089, HAL.
    3. Matthieu Bunel & Fabrice Gilles & Yannick L’Horty, 2009. "Les effets des allègements de cotisations sociales sur l’emploi et les salaires : une évaluation de la réforme Fillon de 2003," Documents de recherche 09-12, Centre d'Études des Politiques Économiques (EPEE), Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne.
    4. Fabrice Gilles, 2015. "Evaluating the Impact of a Working Time Regulation on Capital Operating Time: The French 35-hour Work Week Experience," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 62(2), pages 117-148, May.
    5. repec:clr:wugarc:y:2016v:42i:04p:665 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Du Zaichao & Yin Hua & Zhang Lin, 2013. "The macroeconomic effects of the 35-h workweek regulation in France," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 13(1), pages 881-901, June.
    7. Sánchez, Rafael, 2013. "Do reductions of standard hours affect employment transitions?: Evidence from Chile," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 24-37.
    8. Askenazy, Philippe, 2008. "A Primer on the 35-Hour in France, 1997–2007," IZA Discussion Papers 3402, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    9. Philipp Poyntner, 2016. "Beschäftigungseffekte von Arbeitszeitverkürzung," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 42(4), pages 665-684.
    10. Patrick Artus & Pierre Cahuc & André Zylberberg, 2007. "Réglementation du temps de travail, revenu et emploi," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-00255820, HAL.
    11. Mathieu Bunel & Yannick L'Horty, 2012. "The Effects of Reduced Social Security Contributions on Employment: An Evaluation of the 2003 French Reform," Fiscal Studies, Institute for Fiscal Studies, vol. 33(3), pages 371-398, September.

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