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Les effets des allègements de cotisations sociales sur l’emploi et les salaires : une évaluation de la réforme Fillon de 2003

Author

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  • Matthieu Bunel

    (Université de technologie de Belfort Montbéliard (Utbm), CEE et TEPP (FR CNRS n°3126))

  • Fabrice Gilles

    (Université de Lille 1, EQUIPPE et CEE)

  • Yannick L’Horty

    (Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - EPEE, CEE et TEPP (FR CNRS n°3126))

Abstract

La réforme Fillon du 17 janvier 2003 a unifié les dispositifs d’exonération de cotisations sociales entre les entreprises aux 35 heures et celles aux 39 heures tout en réalisant sur une période de 3 ans, de 2003 à 2005, la convergence entre le Smic horaire et les différentes garanties mensuelles de rémunération (GMR) qui coexistaient jusque-là. Nous évaluons les effets de cette réforme sur l’emploi et les salaires en mobilisant un appariement de données issues des fichiers de l’URSSAF qui permettent, pour la première fois, de vérifier la perception effective des baisses de cotisations sociales par les entreprises. L’évaluation tient compte à la fois de l’endogénéité de la baisse du coût du travail induite par la réforme (les entreprises qui augmentent l’emploi à bas salaires suite à la réforme voient leur coût du travail diminuer davantage) et des différences selon que les entreprises étaient initialement à 35 heures ou à 39 heures. Nous calculons en premier lieu, pour chaque entreprise, la variation du coût du travail associée aux changements de barèmes et à la hausse des minima salariaux, sur la base des rémunérations versées en 2002. Puis nous estimons les effets sur l’emploi et les salaires de la variation du coût du travail à l’aide de méthodes paramétriques et non paramétriques appliquées sur deux échantillons d’entreprises, celles qui sont passées, des mesures Aubry au dispositif Fillon, d’un côté, celles qui sont restées aux 39 heures et ont bénéficié des aides Fillon, de l’autre. Les données sont tirées d’un panel cylindré sur la période 2002-2005 de près de 90 000 entreprises de plus de 5 salariés issus d’un appariement entre les fichiers administratifs Arome, Orme, Sequoia, Suse et Dads gérés par l’ACOSS et l’INSEE. Nous montrons que la réforme Fillon a permis d’accroître légèrement l’emploi dans les entreprises restées à 39 heures mais a conduit à l’effet inverse pour les entreprises à 35 heures, si bien qu’elle n’a pas eu d’effet clair sur l’emploi agrégé, qu’il soit mesuré en effectif ou en équivalent temps plein. Elle a cependant contribué à la hausse des rémunérations, pour les deux catégories d’entreprises.

Suggested Citation

  • Matthieu Bunel & Fabrice Gilles & Yannick L’Horty, 2009. "Les effets des allègements de cotisations sociales sur l’emploi et les salaires : une évaluation de la réforme Fillon de 2003," Documents de recherche 09-12, Centre d'Études des Politiques Économiques (EPEE), Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne.
  • Handle: RePEc:eve:wpaper:09-12
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    Cited by:

    1. Sophie Cottet, 2020. "Payroll Tax Reductions for Minimum Wage Workers: Relative Labor Cost or Cash Windfall Effects?," Working Papers halshs-03010943, HAL.
    2. Aziza GARSAA & Nadine LEVRATTO & Luc TESSIER, 2015. "Do Exemptions From Social Security Contributions Affect Job Creation? New Empirical Evidence From French Overseas Regions," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 42, pages 79-104.
    3. Richard Duhautois & Fabrice Gilles, 2013. "Payroll tax reductions and job flows in France," Working Papers hal-01006652, HAL.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Evaluation des politiques publiques; allègements de cotisations sociales; coût du travail; estimations semi-paramétriques;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C14 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
    • J3 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
    • J38 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Public Policy

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