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Estimating the impacts of payroll taxes: Evidence from Canadian employer–employee tax data

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  • Jonathan Deslauriers
  • Benoit Dostie
  • Robert Gagné
  • Jonathan Paré

Abstract

In this paper, we use linked employer–employee administrative tax data from Canada to estimate the impact of payroll taxes on a variety of firms’ and workers’ outcomes. For one province, we are able to exploit a policy change in the payroll tax rate to estimate its impact on the firm's level of employment, average wage and average sales, with difference‐in‐differences models, taking into account firm‐level unobserved heterogeneity. Additionally, taking advantage of the nature of linked data, we estimate wage equations with both fixed worker and firm fixed effects. We find no impact on employment and average sales, but significant impacts on wages, implying that payroll taxes are passed almost entirely to workers in the form of lower wages. Estimés de l'impact des taxes sur la masse salariale au Canada à l'aide de données employeur‐employés liées. Dans cet article, nous utilisons des données fiscales administratives liées entre les employeurs et les employés pour estimer l'impact des taxes sur la masse salariale sur les résultats des entreprises et des travailleurs au Canada. Dans le cas d'une province, nous sommes en mesure d'exploiter un changement législatif du taux d'imposition sur la masse salariale pour estimer son impact sur le niveau d'emploi de l'entreprise, son salaire moyen et ses ventes moyennes, avec des modèles en différences, en tenant compte de l'hétérogénéité non observée au niveau de l'entreprise. De plus, en tirant parti de la nature des données liées, nous estimons des équations salariales avec à la fois des effets fixes au niveau des travailleurs et des entreprises. Nous ne trouvons aucun impact sur l'emploi et les ventes moyennes, mais des impacts significatifs sur les salaires, ce qui implique que les taxes sur la masse salariale sont presque entièrement répercutées sur les travailleurs sous forme de salaires inférieurs.

Suggested Citation

  • Jonathan Deslauriers & Benoit Dostie & Robert Gagné & Jonathan Paré, 2021. "Estimating the impacts of payroll taxes: Evidence from Canadian employer–employee tax data," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 54(4), pages 1609-1637, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:54:y:2021:i:4:p:1609-1637
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12523
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    2. Julien Martin & Florian Mayneris, 2022. "Revue de littérature sur l’incidence fiscale des taxes sur les entreprises," CIRANO Project Reports 2022rp-06, CIRANO.
    3. CRISTEA Loredana Andreea & ZETI Catalin, 2019. "Study On The Incidence Of Social Security Contributions On Employment And Unemployment, In The European Context," Revista Economica, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 71(2), pages 24-42, September.
    4. Gabriela Galassi, 2021. "Labor Demand Response to Labor Supply Incentives: Lessons from the German Mini-Job Reform," Staff Working Papers 21-15, Bank of Canada.
    5. Galassi, Gabriela, 2021. "Labor Demand Response to Labor Supply Incentives: Lessons from the German Mini-Job Reform," IZA Discussion Papers 14248, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    6. Bastian, Jacob E. & Jones, Maggie R., 2021. "Do EITC expansions pay for themselves? Effects on tax revenue and government transfers," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    7. Seerar Westerberg, Hans, 2021. "Are payroll tax cuts absorbed by insiders? Evidence from the Swedish retail industry," HFI Working Papers 20, Institute of Retail Economics (Handelns Forskningsinstitut).

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance

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