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Consistency between environmental and competitiveness objectives of agricultural policies : economics of price support, set-aside, direct payments and other Common Agricultural Policy instruments

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  • Alain Carpentier

    (SMART-LERECO - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AGROCAMPUS OUEST)

  • Hervé Guyomard

    (ESR - Unité de recherche d'Économie et Sociologie Rurales - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique)

  • Chantal Le Mouël

    (ESR - Unité de recherche d'Économie et Sociologie Rurales - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique)

  • . University of Crete,rethimno (grc)

    (UOC - University of Crete [Heraklion])

Abstract

Les insuffisances de la PAC actuelle en matière environnementale amènent les différents décideurs publics à envisager la question d'une réforme des instruments de cette politique qui tienne véritablement compte à la fois d'objectifs de soutien d'une agriculture compétitive et de protection de l'environnement. Or dans l'Union européenne, il semble difficile de concilier ces deux objectifs dans la mesure où la relative rareté de la terre pousse les agriculteurs à intensifier les techniques de production et, par voie de conséquence, à utiliser des quantités importantes d'intrants industriels à l'origine de pollution. Pourtant plusieurs éléments peuvent amener à penser que des politiques plus ciblées que les politiques de prix utilisées jusqu'à présent peuvent apporter des solutions intéressantes. Les techniques de production utilisées en Europe reposent dans une large mesure sur l'apport d'intrants aux cultures. Cet apport n'est réalisé avec un gaspillage limité que dans des sites propices aux cultures, i. e. des sites caractérisés par des sols de bonne structure, par un ensoleillement de bonne qualité... Or les qualités agronomiques et la "sensibilité environnementale" des sites de production sont liées, par exemple, les caractéristiques d'un sol séchant limitent ses propriétés agronomiques pour les mêmes raisons qu'elles sont à l'origine de pollutions des eaux si ce sol est utilisé pour une culture intensive. Aussi, s'il est certain qu'un accroissement de l'utilisation d'intrants industriels dans un site de production donné engendre un accroissement d'émissions polluantes, il est bien moins certain qu'une utilisation importante d'intrants industriels dans un site possédant de bonnes qualités agronomiques engendre plus d'émissions polluantes qu'un moindre recours à ces facteurs variables sur un site de médiocre qualité agronomique. Les estimations réalisées montrent que les agriculteurs tiennent compte de ces contraintes. Ces aspects de la production agricole et du comportement des agriculteurs peuvent permettre de contourner cette a priori inévitable incompatibilité des objectifs de compétitivité et de respect de l'environnement. Des politiques tenant compte de l'hétérogénéité des sites de production et employant des instruments ciblés peuvent permettre d'atteindre de manière simultanée et cohérente les objectifs qu'un pays moderne à son agriculture

Suggested Citation

  • Alain Carpentier & Hervé Guyomard & Chantal Le Mouël & . University of Crete,rethimno (grc), 1996. "Consistency between environmental and competitiveness objectives of agricultural policies : economics of price support, set-aside, direct payments and other Common Agricultural Policy instruments," Post-Print hal-01931620, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01931620
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-01931620v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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