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Optimal Credit Market Policy

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Abstract

We study optimal credit market policy in a stochastic, quantitative, general equilibrium, infinite-horizon economy with collateral constraints tied to housing prices. Collateral constraints yield a competitive equilibrium that is Pareto inefficient. Taxing housing in good states and subsidizing it in recessions leads to a Pareto-improving allocation for borrowers and savers. Quantitatively, the welfare gains afforded by the optimal tax are significant. The optimal tax reduces the covariance of collateral prices with consumption, and, by doing so, it increases asset prices on average, thus providing welfare gains both in steady state and around it. We also show that the welfare gains stem from mopping up after the crash rather than a pure ex-ante macroprudential aspect, aligning with prior research that emphasizes the importance of ex-post measures compared to preventive policies alone.

Suggested Citation

  • Matteo Iacoviello & Ricardo Nunes & Andrea Prestipino, 2025. "Optimal Credit Market Policy," International Finance Discussion Papers 1406, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedgif:1406
    DOI: 10.17016/IFDP.2025.1406
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    Keywords

    Credit Market; Housing; Collateral Constraints; Macroprudential Policy; Fiscal Policy; Financial Crises;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • R21 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Housing Demand

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