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Diferencias en el desempleo por género. ¿ Hay discriminación en el acceso al trabajo?

Author

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  • Mauricio Amador Pilonieta
  • Paula Herrera Idárraga

Abstract

Esta investigación analiza la iferencia existente entre las tasas de desempleo de hombres y mujeres en Colombia. Se observa que la tasa de desempleo de la mujer siempre ha sido superior a la del hombre y que en los últimos anos la diferencia ha disminuido. Se busca establecer cuáles son las características de la mujer que hacen que su tasa de desempleo sea mayor a la del hombre. El proceso de esta investigación consiste en, primero, fijar las variables que afectan la probabilidad de desempleo, para luego estimar dichas probabilidades mediante modelos logit. Estas variables se pueden clasificar en dos grupos: el primero las que afectan el salario de reserva y el segundo las que afectan las ofertas salariales. De este modo, se hace un intento por encontrar que parte de la diferencia del desempleo entre hombres y mujeres se debe a los salarios de reserva y a las ofertas salariales. Es posible también determinar el impacto que tiene la diferencia de características promedio y de los coeficientes de las estimaciones sobre dicha diferencia. Para ello, se realizaron tres tipos de descomposiciones diferentes. Los resultados obtenidos apuntan a que la diferencia en coeficientes, que se puede tomar como el trato que se les da a las mujeres, explica en mayor parte la diferencia en las tasas de desempleo y que la diferencia en características lo hacen n menor medida. Por otro lado, se encontró que la diferencia en salarios de reserva afecta en forma positiva la diferencia entre las tasas de desempleo de hombres y mujeres, mientras que la de los salarios ofrecidos la reduce.

Suggested Citation

  • Mauricio Amador Pilonieta & Paula Herrera Idárraga, 2006. "Diferencias en el desempleo por género. ¿ Hay discriminación en el acceso al trabajo?," Documentos de Economía 2349, Universidad Javeriana - Bogotá.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000108:002349
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jairo Núnez M. & Raquel Bernal S., 1997. "El desempleo en Colombia: tasa natural, desempleo cíclico y estructural y la duración del desempleo, (1976-1998)," Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, Banco de la República, vol. 16(32), pages 7-74, December.
    2. Carlos Esteban Posada & Luis Eduardo Arango, 2002. "La Participación Laboral en Colombia," Borradores de Economia 217, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    3. Altonji, Joseph G. & Blank, Rebecca M., 1999. "Race and gender in the labor market," Handbook of Labor Economics, in: O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 48, pages 3143-3259, Elsevier.
    4. Heckman, James, 2013. "Sample selection bias as a specification error," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 31(3), pages 129-137.
    5. Tenjo, Jaime, 1990. "Opportunities, Aspirations, and Urban Unemployment of Youth: The Case of Colombia," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 38(4), pages 733-761, July.
    6. Ronald L. Oaxaca & Michael R. Ransom, 1999. "Identification in Detailed Wage Decompositions," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 81(1), pages 154-157, February.
    7. Carlos Esteban Posada & Luis Eduardo Arango, 2002. "La Participación Laboral en Colombia," Borradores de Economia 217, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
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    2. Eduardo Lora, 2020. "Empleo femenino en las ciudades colombianas: un método de descripción estadística," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, vol. 84(4), pages 131-179, February.

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