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Una revisión a la composición y transición demográfica

Author

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  • ADRIANA CAROLINA SILVA ARIAS
  • PATRICIA GONZALEZ ROMÁN

Abstract

ResumenEste artículo realiza una revisión teórica y empírica de los principales factores que han influido en lacomposición y transición demográfica en Colombia. Entre las variables consideradas se encuentranla fecundidad, mortalidad, cambio epidemiológico, cobertura en salud, cambios en los patrones deedad y flujos migratorios. En el análisis empírico se observa una reducción de la tasa de fecundidaden 65% en tan sólo 50 anos (1951-2005); por otro lado, gracias a las condiciones de salud en lasque ahora nace y vive la población, la esperanza de vida al nacer ha aumentado a 72.2 anos y latasa de mortalidad se ha reducido en 68%. Así mismo, el cambio epidemiológico y la cobertura ensalud han producido un cambio en la mortalidad por edades en la población. En cuanto a los flujosmigratorios, se destaca que la causa más importante de los movimientos espontáneos de la poblaciónes la creciente disparidad de niveles de desarrollo que existe dentro y entre los países. Así, seevidencia que Colombia está confluyendo hacia la segunda transición demográfica, donde existiríaequilibrio entre los nacimientos y defunciones.A REVISION OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITIONAND TRANSITION IN COLOMBIAAbstractThis article offers a theoretical and empirical review of the main factors that have exerted stronginfluence in the demographic composition and transition in Colombia. Among the variables consideredare fertility, mortality, epidemiologic change, health coverage, change in age patterns andmigratory flows. A reduction of the fertility rate in 65% in just 50 years (1951-2005) is observed; onthe other hand, thanks to health conditions within which people are born and live, life expectationsafter birth have increased to 72.2 years, and the mortality rate has decreased to 68%. Likewise,epidemiologic change and health coverage have produced a change in mortality according to agewithin the population.

Suggested Citation

  • Adriana Carolina Silva Arias & Patricia Gonzalez Román, 2007. "Una revisión a la composición y transición demográfica," Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000180:004698
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    JEL classification:

    • J10 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - General
    • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
    • N36 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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