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Changes in the distribution of new loans by risk category throughout the post-pandemic credit cycle in Colombia

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Listed:
  • Camilo Gómez
  • Carlos Andrés Quicazán-Moreno
  • Hernando Vargas-Herrera

Abstract

Following the pandemic, the Colombia’s financial system experienced a pronounced credit cycle, with significant real growth in consumer loans followed by a deceleration from late 2022. This paper uses granular loan-level data to analyse how financial intermediaries adjusted the credit risk composition of new loans throughout this cycle. It examines the implications of these shifts for loan supply dynamics and financial conditions. Additionally, the study explores the interaction between credit risk composition and monetary policy transmission during the 2021–24 period. As monetary tightening led to rising lending rates, changes in loan composition—particularly the increased share of riskier borrowers—amplified the observed transmission of policy rates to average lending costs, especially in the consumer credit segment. The findings highlight the importance of credit risk dynamics in assessing monetary policy effectiveness and demonstrate the value of disaggregated data in understanding macro-financial conditions. *****RESUMEN: Tras la pandemia, el sistema financiero de Colombia experimentó un marcado ciclo de crédito, con un significativo crecimiento real en los préstamos de consumo, seguido de una desaceleración a partir de finales de 2022. Este estudio utiliza datos granulares a nivel de préstamo para analizar cómo los intermediarios financieros ajustaron la composición del riesgo crediticio en los nuevos préstamos a lo largo de este ciclo. Se examinan las implicaciones de estos cambios en la dinámica de la oferta de crédito y las condiciones financieras. Además, el estudio explora la interacción entre la composición del crédito y la transmisión de la política monetaria durante el período 2021–24. Dado que el endurecimiento monetario elevó las tasas de interés de los préstamos, los cambios en la composición del crédito—particularmente el aumento en la participación de prestatarios más riesgosos—amplificaron la transmisión de las tasas de política a los costos de financiamiento promedio, especialmente en el segmento de crédito de consumo. Los resultados destacan la importancia de la dinámica del riesgo crediticio en la evaluación de la efectividad de la política monetaria y demuestran el valor de los datos desagregados para comprender las condiciones macrofinancieras de la economía.

Suggested Citation

  • Camilo Gómez & Carlos Andrés Quicazán-Moreno & Hernando Vargas-Herrera, 2025. "Changes in the distribution of new loans by risk category throughout the post-pandemic credit cycle in Colombia," Borradores de Economia 1313, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1313
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1313
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gabriel Jiménez & Steven Ongena & José-Luis Peydró & Jesús Saurina, 2017. "Macroprudential Policy, Countercyclical Bank Capital Buffers, and Credit Supply: Evidence from the Spanish Dynamic Provisioning Experiments," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 125(6), pages 2126-2177.
    2. Galindo, Arturo J. & Steiner, Roberto, 2022. "Asymmetric interest rate transmission in an inflation-targeting framework: The case of Colombia," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 3(3).
    3. David Martinez-Miera & Rafael Repullo, 2010. "Does Competition Reduce the Risk of Bank Failure?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 23(10), pages 3638-3664, October.
    4. Martha López & Fernando Tenjo & Hector Zárate, 2014. "Credit Cycles, Credit Risk and Countercyclical Loan Provisions," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, vol. 32(74), pages 9-17, June.
    5. Gabriel Jiménez & Steven Ongena & José-Luis Peydró & Jesús Saurina, 2012. "Macroprudential policy, countercyclical bank capital buffers and credit supply: Evidence from the Spanish dynamic provisioning experiments," Working Paper Research 231, National Bank of Belgium.
    6. Holmes, Mark J. & Iregui, Ana María & Otero, Jesús, 2015. "Interest rate pass through and asymmetries in retail deposit and lending rates: An analysis using data from Colombian banks," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 270-277.
    7. Apergis, Nicholas & Christou, Christina, 2015. "The behaviour of the bank lending channel when interest rates approach the zero lower bound: Evidence from quantile regressions," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 296-307.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Monetary Policy Transmission; Credit Cycle; Loan Composition; Risk Taking; Transmisión de la política monetaria; Ciclo de crédito; Composición de la cartera; Toma de riesgo;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E43 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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