IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/bca/bocawp/24-41.html

Monetary Policy Transmission to Small Business Loan Performance: Evidence from Loan-Level Data

Author

Listed:
  • Rodrigo Sekkel
  • Tamon Takamura
  • Yaz Terajima

Abstract

This paper analyzes the dynamic and heterogeneous responses of loan performance to a monetary-policy shock using loan-level panel data for small-scale private firms in Canada. Our dataset contains detailed loan characteristics information that allows us to distinguish the effects of the aggregate-demand channel, which affects loan performance through general-equilibrium effects, and the cash-flow channel that directly impacts debt service of firms through variable rates. We find that the effects on loan performance through both channels materialize with a delay and are persistent over time. The peak effect of the cash-flow channel is as large as that of the aggregate-demand channel. Moreover, we investigate whether collateral can reduce the sensitivity of variable-rate loan performance to a policy-rate shock through an ex post disciplinary effect that incentivizes loan repayment by small firms. We find that collateral induces repayment incentives of borrowers relative to unsecured loans but only for ex ante safe loans that are used for investment rather than for other purposes such as working capital. This implies that collateral has a limited impact on reducing financial frictions of small firms.

Suggested Citation

  • Rodrigo Sekkel & Tamon Takamura & Yaz Terajima, 2024. "Monetary Policy Transmission to Small Business Loan Performance: Evidence from Loan-Level Data," Staff Working Papers 24-41, Bank of Canada.
    • Handle: RePEc:bca:bocawp:24-41
    DOI: 10.34989/swp-2024-41
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.34989/swp-2024-41
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/swp2024-41.pdf
    File Function: Full text
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.34989/swp-2024-41?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Champagne, Julien & Sekkel, Rodrigo, 2018. "Changes in monetary regimes and the identification of monetary policy shocks: Narrative evidence from Canada," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 72-87.
    2. Ippolito, Filippo & Ozdagli, Ali K. & Perez-Orive, Ander, 2018. "The transmission of monetary policy through bank lending: The floating rate channel," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 49-71.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Julien Champagne & Émilien Gouin-Bonenfant, 2022. "Monetary Policy, Credit Constraints and SME Employment," Staff Working Papers 22-49, Bank of Canada.
    2. Alexandridis, George & Chen, Zhong & Zeng, Yeqin, 2021. "Financial hedging and corporate investment," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    3. Ozdagli, Ali & Velikov, Mihail, 2020. "Show me the money: The monetary policy risk premium," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 135(2), pages 320-339.
    4. Margherita Bottero & Stefano Schiaffi, 2025. "Firm Liquidity and the Transmission of Monetary Policy," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 21(2), pages 37-76, April.
    5. F. Boissay & F. Collard & C. Manea & A. Shapiro, 2025. "Monetary Tightening and Financial Stress During Supply- versus Demand-Driven Inflation," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 21(2), pages 147-220, April.
    6. Neuhierl, Andreas & Weber, Michael, 2019. "Monetary policy communication, policy slope, and the stock market," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 140-155.
    7. Bauer, Michael D. & Offner, Eric A. & Rudebusch, Glenn D., 2025. "Green stocks and monetary policy shocks: Evidence from Europe," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    8. Thomas Kroen & Ernest Liu & Atif Mian & Amir Sufi, 2021. "Falling Rates and Rising Superstars," Working Papers 2021-3, Princeton University. Economics Department..
    9. Ricardo Lagos & Shengxing Zhang, 2020. "Turnover Liquidity and the Transmission of Monetary Policy," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 110(6), pages 1635-1672, June.
    10. Konchitchki, Yaniv & Xie, Jin, 2023. "Undisclosed material inflation risk," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(S), pages 82-100.
    11. Albertazzi, Ugo & Fringuellotti, Fulvia & Ongena, Steven, 2024. "Fixed rate versus adjustable rate mortgages: Evidence from euro area banks," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    12. Marco Lo Duca & Diego Moccero & Fabio Parlapiano, 2024. "The impact of macroeconomic and monetary policy shocks on the default risk of the euro-area corporate sector," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 1460, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    13. Saleem Bahaj & Angus Foulis & Gabor Pinter & Paolo Surico, 2018. "Employment and the Collateral Channel of Monetary Policy," Discussion Papers 1832, Centre for Macroeconomics (CFM).
    14. Itamar Caspi & Nadav Eshel & Nimrod Segev, 2024. "The Mortgage Cash-Flow Channel: How Rising Interest Rates Impact Household Consumption," Papers 2410.02445, arXiv.org.
    15. Darmouni, Olivier & Siani, Kerry Y., 2025. "Bond market stimulus: Firm-level evidence," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    16. Kevin Moran & Dalibor Stevanovic & Stephane Surprenant, 2024. "Risk Scenarios and Macroeconomic Forecasts," Working Papers 24-01, Chair in macroeconomics and forecasting, University of Quebec in Montreal's School of Management, revised May 2025.
    17. Olivier Gervais, 2019. "How Oil Supply Shocks Affect the Global Economy: Evidence from Local Projections," Discussion Papers 2019-6, Bank of Canada.
    18. Priit Jeenas, 2023. "Firm Balance Sheet Liquidity, Monetary Policy Shocks, and Investment Dynamics," Working Papers 1409, Barcelona School of Economics.
    19. Refet Gürkaynak & Hati̇ce Gökçe Karasoy‐Can & Sang Seok Lee, 2022. "Stock Market's Assessment of Monetary Policy Transmission: The Cash Flow Effect," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 77(4), pages 2375-2421, August.
    20. Reiter, Michael & Zessner-Spitzenberg, Leopold, 2023. "Long-term bank lending and the transfer of aggregate risk," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • E17 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General Aggregative Models - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
    • E37 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bca:bocawp:24-41. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: the person in charge (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/bocgvca.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.