Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes
Top JEL
/ J: Labor and Demographic Economics
/ / J1: Demographic Economics
/ / / J13: Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
This JEL code is mentioned in the following RePEc Biblio entries:
2019
- Carolina Castagnetti & Luisa Rosti & Marina Toepfer, 2019, "Assessing Changes in Wage Gaps: A New Approach," DEM Working Papers Series, University of Pavia, Department of Economics and Management, number 170, Mar.
- Mihályi, Péter, 2019, "Marginal Utilities and Marginal Costs of Having Children," Public Finance Quarterly, Corvinus University of Budapest, volume 64, issue 4, pages 526-541, DOI: https://doi.org/10.35551/PFQ_2019_4.
- Kai-Uwe Müller & Katharina Wrohlich, 2019, "Does subsidized care for toddlers increase maternal labor supply?: Evidence from a large-scale expansion of early childcare," CEPA Discussion Papers, Center for Economic Policy Analysis, number 09, May, DOI: 10.25932/publishup-42772.
- Morsy, Hanan & Mukasa, Adamon, 2019, "Youth Jobs, Skill and Educational Mismatches in Africa," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 100394, Nov.
- Cragun, Randy, 2019, "Effects of lower ages of majority on oral contraceptive use: Evidence on the validity of The Power of the Pill," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 100871, Oct, revised 03 Jun 2020.
- Le, Kien & Nguyen, My, 2019, "Armed Conflict and Birth Weight," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 102162.
- Panda, Pallavi, 2019, "Selective Mortality and Malnutrition in India," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 102338, Nov.
- Superti, Luiz Henrique, 2019, "Effects on Fertility of The Brazilian Cash Transfer Program: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Approach," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 104627, Dec, revised Oct 2020.
- Le, Kien & Nguyen, My, 2019, "The Impacts of Rainfall Shocks on Birth Weight in Vietnam," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 109952.
- Ager, Philipp & Herz, Benedikt, 2019, "Structural Change and the Fertility Transition," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 92883, Mar.
- Niemesh, Gregory & Shester, Katharine, 2019, "Racial Residential Segregation and Black Low Birth Weight, 1970-2010," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 93972, May.
- Shintani, Masaya & Yasuoka, Masaya, 2019, "Child Care Policy and Capital Mobility," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 94050, May.
- Nguyen, Ha Trong & Le, Huong Thu & Connelly, Luke B., 2019, "Weather and children’s time allocation," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 94442.
- Khorunzhina, Natalia & Miller, Robert, 2019, "American dream delayed: shifting determinants of homeownership," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 94832, Jul.
- Amialchuk, Aliaksandr & Ajilore, Gbenga & Egan, Kevin, 2019, "The Influence of Misperceptions about Social Norms on Substance Use among School-age Adolescents," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 95297, Feb.
- Cicatiello, Lorenzo & Ercolano, Salvatore & Gaeta, Giuseppe Lucio & Parenti, Benedetta, 2019, "Life After The Storm: The Effect of L’Aquila Earthquake on Marriage Rates," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 96712, Feb, revised Oct 2019.
- Nguyen, Ha Trong & Connelly, Luke B. & Le, Huong Thu & Mitrou, Francis & Taylor, Catherine & Zubrick, Stephen R., 2019, "Sources of ethnicity differences in non-cognitive development in children and adolescents," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 96785, Oct.
- Muratova, Anna & Islam, Robiul & Mitrofanova, Ekaterina S. & Ignatov, Dmitry I., 2019, "Searching for Interpretable Demographic Patterns," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 97305, Sep, revised 23 Sep 2019.
- Colignatus, Thomas, 2019, "A numerical exercise on climate change and family planning: World population might reduce from 11 to 8 billion in 2100 if women of age 15-29 wait and have their first child at age 30+," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 97447, Dec, revised 11 Dec 2019.
- Watanabe, Minoru & Miyake, Yusuke & Yasuoka, Masaya, 2019, "Capital income taxation in endogenous fertility model," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 97721, Dec.
- Sasiwimon Warunsiri Paweenawat & Lusi Liao, 2019, "Parenthood Penalty and Gender Wage Gap: Recent Evidence from Thailand," PIER Discussion Papers, Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research, number 102, Jan.
- Wisuwat Chujan & Weerachart Kilenthong, 2019, "An Early Evaluation of a HighScope-Based Curriculum Intervention in Rural Thailand," PIER Discussion Papers, Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research, number 103, Jan.
- Lusi Liao & Sasiwimon Warunsiri Paweenawat, 2019, "Alternative Boomerang Kids, Intergenerational Co-residence, and Maternal Labor Supply," PIER Discussion Papers, Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research, number 108, May.
- Sasiwimon Warunsiri Paweenawat & Lusi Liao, 2019, "“Gold Miss†or “Earthy Mom†? Evidence from Thailand," PIER Discussion Papers, Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research, number 110, Jul.
- Anna Adamecz-Völgyi & à gota Scharle, 2019, "Books or babies? Incapacitation and human capital effects of extended compulsory schooling on the teenage fertility of ethnic minority women," DoQSS Working Papers, Quantitative Social Science - UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, number 19-01, Feb.
- Grewenig, Elisabeth & Lergetporer, Philipp & Werner, Katharina & Woessmann, Ludger, 2019, "Do Party Positions Affect the Public\'s Policy Preferences?," Rationality and Competition Discussion Paper Series, CRC TRR 190 Rationality and Competition, number 149, Mar.
- Falk, Armin & Kosse, Fabian & Pinger, Pia & Schildberg-Hörisch, Hannah & Deckers, Thomas, 2019, "Socio-Economic Status and Inequalities in Children\'s IQ and Economic Preferences," Rationality and Competition Discussion Paper Series, CRC TRR 190 Rationality and Competition, number 166, Jul.
- Diego Daruich & Julian Kozlowski, 2019, "Code and data files for "Explaining Intergenerational Mobility: The Role of Fertility and Family Transfers"," Computer Codes, Review of Economic Dynamics, number 18-528, revised .
- Juan Cordoba & Marla Ripoll & Xiying Liu, 2019, "Accounting for the International Quantity-Quality Trade-off," 2019 Meeting Papers, Society for Economic Dynamics, number 156.
- Seongeun Kim & Michele Tertilt & Minchul Yum, 2019, "Status Externalities and Low Birth Rates in Korea," 2019 Meeting Papers, Society for Economic Dynamics, number 604.
- Diego Dueñas Fernández & Raquel Llorente Heras, 2019, "El empleo TIC en España: un enfoque de edad por género," Revista de Economía Laboral - Spanish Journal of Labour Economics, Asociación Española de Economía Laboral - AEET, volume 16, pages 38-68.
- Bettinger, Eric & Kremer, Michael & Kugler, Maurice & Medina-Durango, Carlos Alberto & Posso-Suárez, Christian Manuel & Saavedra, Juan Esteban, 2019, "School Vouchers, Labor Markets and Vocational Education," Working papers, Red Investigadores de Economía, number 14, Aug.
- Astrid Kunze & Xingfei Liu, 2019, "Universal Childcare for the Youngest and the Maternal Labour Supply," Working Papers, University of Alberta, Department of Economics, number 2019-01, Feb.
- Mesbah Sharaf & Ahmed Rashad & El-Hussien Mansour, 2019, "Son Preference and Child Under Nutrition in the Arab Countries: Is There a Gender Bias Against Girls?," Working Papers, University of Alberta, Department of Economics, number 2019-08, Jun.
- Fernanda Wanderley, 2019, "Las Políticas de Cuidado en América Latina -Articulando los derechos de las mujeres, niños, niñas, adolescentes, adultos mayores y personas con discapacidades-," Documentos de trabajo, Instituto de Investigaciones Socio-Económicas (IISEC), Universidad Católica Boliviana, number 2/2019, Jul.
- Raquel Martínez Buján, 2019, "Cuidados con “sentido común”: desafíos, vacíos y contradicciones," INVESTIGACIONES REGIONALES - Journal of REGIONAL RESEARCH, Asociación Española de Ciencia Regional, issue 44, pages 111-124.
- Andrea Rácz & Ernő Bogács, 2019, "Towards an Integrative and Inclusive Child Protection Practice," INVESTIGACIONES REGIONALES - Journal of REGIONAL RESEARCH, Asociación Española de Ciencia Regional, issue 44, pages 143-160.
- Georgios Marios Chrysanthou & Chrysovalantis Vasilakis, 2019, "The Impact of Bullying Victimisation on Mental Wellbeing," QM&ET Working Papers, University of Alicante, D. Quantitative Methods and Economic Theory, number 19-1, Mar.
- Marie-Louise Leroux & Pierre Pestieau & Gregory Ponthiere, 2019, "Childlessness, Childfreeness and Compensation," Cahiers de recherche / Working Papers, Chaire de recherche sur les enjeux économiques intergénérationnels / Research Chair in Intergenerational Economics, number 1907.
- Alessandro Palma & Inna Petrunyk & Daniela Vuri, 2019, "Air Pollution During Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes in Italy," CEIS Research Paper, Tor Vergata University, CEIS, number 464, Jul, revised 03 Sep 2019.
- Brecht Neyt & Stijn Baert & Jana Vynckier, 2019, "Job Prestige and Mobile Dating Success:A Field Experiment," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, number 19/981, Nov.
- Francisco J. Marco-Gracia & Johan Fourie, 2019, "Missing boys: Explaining South Africa’s unbalanced sex ratio, 1894-2011," ERSA Working Paper Series, Economic Research Southern Africa, number 804, Nov.
- Iryna Topolyan & Xu Xu, 2019, "Beliefs about the Benefits of Breastfeeding: Formation and Effects on Breastfeeding Intention and Persistence," Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics, , volume 31, issue 2, pages 143-164, July, DOI: 10.1177/0260107918809878.
- Jacobus Johannes de Jongh, 2019, "Understanding the Drivers of Long-Term Youth Unemployment: Micro-Level Evidence from South Africa," Proceedings of International Academic Conferences, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, number 9912297, Oct.
- Stuart Campbell & Ana Nuevo-Chiquero & Gurleen Popli & Anita Ratcliffe, 2019, "Parental ethnic identity and child development," Working Papers, The University of Sheffield, Department of Economics, number 2019003, Feb.
- Martin Foureaux Koppensteiner & Jesse Matheson, 2019, "Secondary School Enrolment and Teenage Childbearing: Evidence from Brazilian Municipalities," Working Papers, The University of Sheffield, Department of Economics, number 2019016, Jul.
- Luca Tasciotti & Farooq Sulehria & Natascha Wagner, 2019, "Corruption: Fertility, electricity and television: is there a link? Evidence from Pakistan, 1990-2012," Working Papers, Department of Economics, SOAS University of London, UK, number 220, Mar.
- Sandra Brée & David de la Croix, 2019, "Key forces behind the decline of fertility: lessons from childlessness in Rouen before the industrial revolution," Cliometrica, Springer;Cliometric Society (Association Francaise de Cliométrie), volume 13, issue 1, pages 25-54, January, DOI: 10.1007/s11698-017-0166-9.
- Gregory Clark & Marianne E. Page, 2019, "Welfare reform, 1834: Did the New Poor Law in England produce significant economic gains?," Cliometrica, Springer;Cliometric Society (Association Francaise de Cliométrie), volume 13, issue 2, pages 221-244, May, DOI: 10.1007/s11698-018-0174-4.
- Lisa Schulkind & Danielle H. Sandler, 2019, "The Timing of Teenage Births: Estimating the Effect on High School Graduation and Later-Life Outcomes," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), volume 56, issue 1, pages 345-365, February, DOI: 10.1007/s13524-018-0748-6.
- Kati Kraehnert & Tilman Brück & Michele Di Maio & Roberto Nisticò, 2019, "The Effects of Conflict on Fertility: Evidence From the Genocide in Rwanda," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), volume 56, issue 3, pages 935-968, June, DOI: 10.1007/s13524-019-00780-8.
- Ludovica Gambaro & Jan Marcus & Frauke Peter, 2019, "School entry, afternoon care, and mothers’ labour supply," Empirical Economics, Springer, volume 57, issue 3, pages 769-803, September, DOI: 10.1007/s00181-018-1462-3.
- Amedeus Malisa, 2019, "Persistence of Social Exclusion in Tanzania," Economic Studies in Inequality, Social Exclusion, and Well-Being, Springer, chapter 0, in: Pia Nilsson & Almas Heshmati, "Efficiency, Equity and Well-Being in Selected African Countries", DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11419-0_5.
- Meital Izraelov & Jacques Silber, 2019, "Women’s Empowerment and Children’s Health: The Case of Ghana," Economic Studies in Inequality, Social Exclusion, and Well-Being, Springer, chapter 0, in: Pia Nilsson & Almas Heshmati, "Efficiency, Equity and Well-Being in Selected African Countries", DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11419-0_6.
- Carlos King Ho Wong & Prudence Wing Hang Cheung & Nan Luo & Jason Pui Yin Cheung, 2019, "A head-to-head comparison of five-level (EQ-5D-5L-Y) and three-level EQ-5D-Y questionnaires in paediatric patients," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), volume 20, issue 5, pages 647-656, July, DOI: 10.1007/s10198-018-1026-7.
- Waliu Olawale Shittu & Norehan Abdullah & Habiba Muhammed Bello Umar, 2019, "Does Fertility Affect Female Labour Participation Differently in Malaysia and Singapore?," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), volume 62, issue 2, pages 201-217, June, DOI: 10.1007/s41027-019-00170-z.
- Hiroshi Goto & Keiya Minamimura, 2019, "Geography and Demography: New Economic Geography with Endogenous Fertility," The Japanese Economic Review, Springer, volume 70, issue 4, pages 537-568, December, DOI: 10.1111/jere.12213.
- Jung-Yon Lim & Young-Min Lee, 2019, "Exit duration and unemployment determinants for Korean graduates," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), volume 53, issue 1, pages 1-14, December, DOI: 10.1186/s12651-019-0255-2.
- Casey Warman & Matthew D. Webb & Christopher Worswick, 2019, "Immigrant category of admission and the earnings of adults and children: how far does the apple fall?," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, volume 32, issue 1, pages 53-112, January, DOI: 10.1007/s00148-018-0700-5.
- Yan Lau, 2019, "The dragon cohort of Hong Kong: traditional beliefs, demographics, and education," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, volume 32, issue 1, pages 219-246, January, DOI: 10.1007/s00148-018-0711-2.
- Chuanchuan Zhang, 2019, "Family support or social support? The role of clan culture," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, volume 32, issue 2, pages 529-549, April, DOI: 10.1007/s00148-018-0686-z.
- Koichi Futagami & Kunihiko Konishi, 2019, "Rising longevity, fertility dynamics, and R&D-based growth," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, volume 32, issue 2, pages 591-620, April, DOI: 10.1007/s00148-018-0691-2.
- Katharine L. Shester & Samuel K. Allen & Christopher Handy, 2019, "Concrete measures: the rise of public housing and changes in young single motherhood in the U.S," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, volume 32, issue 2, pages 369-418, April, DOI: 10.1007/s00148-018-0704-1.
- Marco Le Moglie & Letizia Mencarini & Chiara Rapallini, 2019, "Does income moderate the satisfaction of becoming a parent? In Germany it does and depends on education," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, volume 32, issue 3, pages 915-952, July, DOI: 10.1007/s00148-018-0689-9.
- Deborah A. Cobb-Clark & Nicolás Salamanca & Anna Zhu, 2019, "Parenting style as an investment in human development," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, volume 32, issue 4, pages 1315-1352, October, DOI: 10.1007/s00148-018-0703-2.
- Natalie Malak & Md Mahbubur Rahman & Terry A. Yip, 2019, "Baby bonus, anyone? Examining heterogeneous responses to a pro-natalist policy," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, volume 32, issue 4, pages 1205-1246, October, DOI: 10.1007/s00148-019-00731-y.
- Giang Nguyen, 2019, "Sibling-sex composition, childbearing and female labour market outcomes in Indonesia," Journal of Population Research, Springer, volume 36, issue 1, pages 13-34, March, DOI: 10.1007/s12546-018-9210-2.
- Tilak Sanyal & Vivekananda Mukherjee, 2019, "On General and Specific Transfers for Child Support in Divorce," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), volume 17, issue 1, pages 197-213, March, DOI: 10.1007/s40953-018-0119-6.
- Sayaka Yakita, 2019, "Fertility, child care policy, urbanization, and economic growth," Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, Springer, volume 12, issue 1, pages 51-62, April, DOI: 10.1007/s12076-019-00226-0.
- Marion Leturcq & Lidia Panico, 2019, "The Long-Term Effects of Parental Separation on Childhood Multidimensional Deprivation: A Lifecourse Approach," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, volume 144, issue 2, pages 921-954, July, DOI: 10.1007/s11205-018-02060-1.
- Micha Kaiser & Jan M. Bauer, 2019, "Preschool Child Care and Child Well-Being in Germany: Does the Migrant Experience Differ?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, volume 144, issue 3, pages 1367-1390, August, DOI: 10.1007/s11205-019-02064-5.
- Francesco Cinnirella, 2019, "Marital Fertility and Investment in Children’s Education," Studies in Economic History, Springer, chapter 0, in: Claude Diebolt & Auke Rijpma & Sarah Carmichael & Selin Dilli & Charlotte Störmer, "Cliometrics of the Family", DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99480-2_3.
- Stefan Öberg, 2019, "A Critical Introduction to Instrumental Variables for Sibship Size Based on Twin Births," Studies in Economic History, Springer, chapter 0, in: Claude Diebolt & Auke Rijpma & Sarah Carmichael & Selin Dilli & Charlotte Störmer, "Cliometrics of the Family", DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99480-2_4.
- Janna Bergsvik, 2019, "Linking neighbors’ fertility. Third births in Norwegian neighborhoods," Discussion Papers, Statistics Norway, Research Department, number 898, Mar.
- Rannveig K. Hart & Synøve N. Andersen & Nina Drange, 2019, "Effects of extended paternity leave on union stability and fertility," Discussion Papers, Statistics Norway, Research Department, number 899, Mar.
- Emily Nix & Martin Eckhoff Andresen, 2019, "What Causes the Child Penalty? Evidence from Same Sex Couples and Policy Reforms," Discussion Papers, Statistics Norway, Research Department, number 902, Mar.
- Jonathan Norris & Martijn van Hasselt, 2019, "Troubled in school: does maternal involvement matter for adolescents?," Working Papers, University of Strathclyde Business School, Department of Economics, number 1906, Jun.
- Olive Nsababera, 2019, "Refugee camps – a lasting legacy? Evidence on long-term health impact," Working Paper Series, Department of Economics, University of Sussex Business School, number 0919, Jul.
- Chloé van Biljon & Cobus Burger, 2019, "The period effect: the effect of menstruation on absenteeism of school girls in Limpopo," Working Papers, Stellenbosch University, Department of Economics, number 20/2019.
- Mahdi Majbouri, 2019, "Twins, family size and female labour force participation in Iran," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 51, issue 4, pages 387-397, January, DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2018.1497853.
- Susanne Kuger & Jan Marcus & C. Katharina Spiess, 2019, "Day care quality and changes in the home learning environment of children," Education Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 27, issue 3, pages 265-286, May, DOI: 10.1080/09645292.2019.1565401.
- Robert Rogers & Doan Hai Ma & Tra Nguyen & Ngoc Anh Nguyen, 2019, "Early childhood education and cognitive outcomes in adolescence: a longitudinal study from Vietnam," Education Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 27, issue 6, pages 658-669, November, DOI: 10.1080/09645292.2019.1657798.
- Diana Lopez-Avila, 2019, "Child discipline and social programs: evidence from Colombia," Journal of Development Effectiveness, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 11, issue 1, pages 15-42, January, DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1595088.
- Adrienne M. Lucas & Nicholas L. Wilson, 2019, "Schooling, Wealth, Risky Sexual Behaviour, and HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 55, issue 10, pages 2177-2192, October, DOI: 10.1080/00220388.2018.1493195.
- Rashid Javed & Mazhar Mughal, 2019, "Have a Son, Gain a Voice: Son Preference and Female Participation in Household Decision Making," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 55, issue 12, pages 2526-2548, December, DOI: 10.1080/00220388.2018.1516871.
- Björn Nilsson, 2019, "The School-to-Work Transition in Developing Countries," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 55, issue 5, pages 745-764, May, DOI: 10.1080/00220388.2018.1475649.
- Liyousew Gebremedhin Borga, 2019, "Children’s Own Time Use and its Effect on Skill Formation," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 55, issue 5, pages 876-893, May, DOI: 10.1080/00220388.2018.1499893.
- Ahmed Shoukry Rashad & Mesbah Fathy Sharaf, 2019, "Does maternal employment affect child nutrition status? New evidence from Egypt," Oxford Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 47, issue 1, pages 48-62, January, DOI: 10.1080/13600818.2018.1497589.
- Mesbah Fathy Sharaf & Ahmed Shoukry Rashad & Elhussien Ibrahim Mansour, 2019, "Son Preference and Child Under nutrition in the Arab Countries: Is There a Gender Bias against Girls?," Middle East Development Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 11, issue 2, pages 199-219, July, DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2019.1664837.
- Mesbah Fathy Sharaf & Ahmed Shoukry Rashad & Elhussien Ibrahim Mansour, 2019, "Son Preference and Child Under nutrition in the Arab Countries: Is There a Gender Bias against Girls?," Middle East Development Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 11, issue 2, pages 205-230, July, DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2019.1664837.
- George Naufal & Michael Malcolm & Vidya Diwakar, 2019, "Armed conflict and child labor: evidence from Iraq," Middle East Development Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 11, issue 2, pages 236-250, July, DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2019.1672020.
- George Naufal & Michael Malcolm & Vidya Diwakar, 2019, "Armed conflict and child labor: evidence from Iraq," Middle East Development Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 11, issue 2, pages 250-267, July, DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2019.1672020.
- Pauline Rossi & Mathilde Godard, 2019, "The Old-Age Security Motive for Fertility: Evidence from the Extension of Social Pensions in Namibia," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 19-069/V, Sep.
- Arnaud Chevalier & Olivier Marie, 2019, "Risky Moms, Risky Kids? Fertility And Crime After The Fall Of The Wall," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 19-087/V, Dec.
- Jessamyn Schaller & Mariana Zerpa, 2019, "Short-Run Effects of Parental Job Loss on Child Health," American Journal of Health Economics, MIT Press, volume 5, issue 1, pages 8-41, Winter.
- Yao Lu & David J. G. Slusky, 2019, "The Impact of Women's Health Clinic Closures on Fertility," American Journal of Health Economics, MIT Press, volume 5, issue 3, pages 334-359, Summer.
- Aline Bütikofer & Katrine V. Løken & Kjell G. Salvanes, 2019, "Infant Health Care and Long-Term Outcomes," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, volume 101, issue 2, pages 341-354, May.
- Sonia Bhalotra & Damian Clarke, 2019, "Twin Birth and Maternal Condition," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, volume 101, issue 5, pages 853-864, December.
- Uwe Jirjahn & Cornelia Struewing, 2019, "Out-of-Partnership Births in East and West Germany," Research Papers in Economics, University of Trier, Department of Economics, number 2019-06.
- Uwe Jirjahn & Jens Mohrenweiser, 2019, "Works Councils and Organizational Gender Policies in Germany," Research Papers in Economics, University of Trier, Department of Economics, number 2019-09.
- Tsou, Meng-Wen & Liu, Jin-Tan & Hammitt, James K. & Lu, Chyi-Horng & Kao, Szu-Yu Zoe, 2019, "The Effect of Prenatal Exposure to Radiation on Birth Outcomes: Exploiting a Natural Experiment in Taiwan," TSE Working Papers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), number 19-1019, Jun.
- Xavier Ramos Morilla & Luciana Méndez Errico, 2019, "Selection and educational attainment: Why some children are left behind? Evidence from a middle-income country," Working Papers, Department of Applied Economics at Universitat Autonoma of Barcelona, number wpdea1901, Jan.
- Anna Aizer & Paul J. Devereux & Kjell G. Salvanes, 2019, "Grandparents, Mothers, or Fathers? Why Children of Teen Mothers do Worse in Life," Working Papers, School of Economics, University College Dublin, number 201908, Mar.
- Cormac Ó Gráda, 2019, "Fifty Years a-Growing: Economic History and Demography in the ESR," Working Papers, School of Economics, University College Dublin, number 201916, Aug.
- Jessamyn Schaller & Mariana Zerpa, 2019, "Short-Run Effects of Parental Job Loss on Child Health," American Journal of Health Economics, University of Chicago Press, volume 5, issue 1, pages 8-41, Winter.
- Yao Lu & David J. G. Slusky, 2019, "The Impact of Women's Health Clinic Closures on Fertility," American Journal of Health Economics, University of Chicago Press, volume 5, issue 3, pages 334-359, Summer.
- Douglas Almond & Hongbin Li & Shuang Zhang, 2019, "Land Reform and Sex Selection in China," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, volume 127, issue 2, pages 560-585, DOI: 10.1086/701030.
- Patralekha Ukil, 2019, "Parental Economic Shocks and Infant Health: The Effect of Import Competition in the U.S," Working papers, University of Connecticut, Department of Economics, number 2019-18, Sep.
- Ana Nuevo-Chiquero & Francisco J. Pino, 2019, "To Pill or not to Pill? Access to Emergency Contraception and Contraceptive Behaviour," Working Papers, University of Chile, Department of Economics, number wp477, Jan.
- Claude Diebolt & Tapas Mishra & Faustine Perrin, 2019, "Gender Equality as an Enforcer of Individuals’ Choice between Education and Fertility: Evidence from 19th Century France," Working Papers of BETA, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg, number 2019-44.
- Luciana Méndez-Errico & Xavier Ramos, 2019, "Selection and educational attainment: Why some children are left behind? Evidence from a middleincome country," Documentos de Trabajo (working papers), Instituto de EconomÃa - IECON, number 19-01, Jan.
- Mayra Colacce & Ivone Perazzo & Andrea Vigorito, 2019, "¿Qué tan bien recuerdan las madres? Una validación de datos de desempeños al nacer para Uruguay," Documentos de Trabajo (working papers), Instituto de EconomÃa - IECON, number 19-10, May.
- Ivone Perazzo & Gonzalo Salas & Eliana Sena, 2019, "Dynamics of the parenting practices and child development," Documentos de Trabajo (working papers), Instituto de EconomÃa - IECON, number 19-21, Oct.
- Konte, Maty & Osei Kwadwo, Victor & Zinyemba, Tatenda, 2019, "Women's political and reproductive health empowerment in Africa: A literature review," MERIT Working Papers, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT), number 2019-044, Oct.
- Cristina Bellés-Obrero & Antonio Cabrales & Sergi Jiménez-Martín & Judit Vall Castello, 2019, "Mothers’ care: reversing early childhood health shocks through parental investments," Economics Working Papers, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, number 1629, Jan.
- Eleanor Jawon Choi & Jaewoo Choi & Hyelim Son, 2019, "The Long-Term Effects of Labor Market Entry in a Recession: Evidence from the Asian Financial Crisis," Upjohn Working Papers, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, number 19-312, Aug.
- Widmer, Philine & Zurlinden, Noémie, 2019, "Born in the Right Place? Health Ministers, Foreign Aid and Infant Mortality," Economics Working Paper Series, University of St. Gallen, School of Economics and Political Science, number 1911, Aug, revised Apr 2021.
- Marianne Page & Jessamyn Schaller & David Simon, 2019, "The Effects of Aggregate and Gender-Specific Labor Demand Shocks on Child Health," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, volume 54, issue 1, pages 37-78.
- S. Anukriti & Abhishek Chakravarty, 2019, "Democracy and Demography: Societal Effects of Fertility Limits on Local Leaders," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, volume 54, issue 1, pages 79-121.
- Øystein Hernæs & Simen Markussen & Knut Røed, 2019, "Television, Cognitive Ability, and High School Completion," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, volume 54, issue 2, pages 371-400.
- M. Caridad Araujo & Marta Dormal & Norbert Schady, 2019, "Childcare Quality and Child Development," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, volume 54, issue 3, pages 656-682.
- Hui Ren Tan, 2019, "More Is Less?: The Impact of Family Size on Education Outcomes in the United States, 1850–1940," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, volume 54, issue 4, pages 1154-1181.
- Martha J. Bailey & Olga Malkova & Zoë M. McLaren, 2019, "Does Access to Family Planning Increase Children’s Opportunities?: Evidence from the War on Poverty and the Early Years of Title X," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, volume 54, issue 4, pages 825-856.
- Luca Corazzini & Elena Meschi & Caterina Pavese, 2019, "Impact of Early Childcare on Immigrant Children's Educational Performance," Working Papers, Department of Economics, University of Venice "Ca' Foscari", number 2019: 24.
- Ylenia Brilli & BRANDON J. RESTREPO, 2019, "Birth Weight, Neonatal Care, and Infant Mortality: Evidence from Macrosomic Babies," Working Papers, University of Verona, Department of Economics, number 01/2019, Mar.
- Wojciuk Michał & Zegarowicz Łukasz, 2019, "Fiscal Instruments Supporting Families in Poland in the Years 2004-2017," Financial Internet Quarterly (formerly e-Finanse), Sciendo, volume 15, issue 2, pages 63-72, June, DOI: 10.2478/fiqf-2019-0012.
- Hall Katharine & Posel Dorrit, 2019, "Fragmenting the Family? The Complexity of Household Migration Strategies in Post-apartheid South Africa," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Sciendo & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), volume 10, issue 2, pages 1-20, August, DOI: 10.2478/izajodm-2019-0004.
- Chirkova Serafima, 2019, "The Impact of Parental Leave Policy on Child-Rearing and Employment Behavior: The Case of Germany," IZA Journal of Labor Policy, Sciendo & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), volume 9, issue 1, pages 1-27, June, DOI: 10.2478/izajolp-2019-0007.
- Holzmann,Robert & Alonso-García,Jennifer & Labit-Hardy,Heloise & Villegas,Andrés M., 2019, "NDC Schemes and Heterogeneity in Longevity : Proposals for Redesign," The Social Policy and Labor Discussion Paper Series, The World Bank, number 136564, Apr.
- Kandpal,Eeshani & Baylis,Kathy, 2019, "The Social Lives of Married Women : Peer Effects in Female Autonomy and Investments in Children," Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank, number 8831, Apr.
- Dang,Hai-Anh H. & Hiraga,Masako & Nguyen,Cuong Viet, 2019, "Childcare and Maternal Employment : Evidence from Vietnam," Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank, number 8856, May.
- Phadera,Lokendra, 2019, "Unfortunate Moms and Unfortunate Children : Impact of the Nepali Civil War on Women's Stature and Intergenerational Health," Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank, number 8927, Jun.
- Jedwab,Remi Camille & Pereira,Daniel & Roberts,Mark, 2019, "Cities of Workers, Children, or Seniors? Age Structure and Economic Growth in a Global Cross-Section of Cities," Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank, number 9040, Oct.
- Owen Thompson, 2019, "Fertility Decline in the Civil Rights Era," Department of Economics Working Papers, Department of Economics, Williams College, number 2019-13, Sep.
- Owen Thompson, 2019, "School Desegregation and Black Teacher Employment," Department of Economics Working Papers, Department of Economics, Williams College, number 2019-14, Sep.
- Kasey Buckles & Melanie E. Guldi & Lucie Schmidt, 2019, "Fertility Trends in the United States, 1980-2017: The Role of Unintended Births," Department of Economics Working Papers, Department of Economics, Williams College, number 2019-20, Sep.
- Andrew Goodman-Bacon & Lucie Schmidt, 2019, "Federalizing Benefits: The Introduction of Supplemental Security Income and the Size of the Safety Net," Department of Economics Working Papers, Department of Economics, Williams College, number 2019-21, Oct.
- Mark E. McGovern, 2019, "How much does birth weight matter for child health in developing countries? Estimates from siblings and twins," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., volume 28, issue 1, pages 3-22, January, DOI: 10.1002/hec.3823.
- Aliaksandr Amialchuk & Olugbenga Ajilore & Kevin Egan, 2019, "The influence of misperceptions about social norms on substance use among school‐aged adolescents," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., volume 28, issue 6, pages 736-747, June, DOI: 10.1002/hec.3878.
- John Knowles & Guillaume Vandenbroucke, 2019, "Fertility Shocks And Equilibrium Marriage‐Rate Dynamics," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, volume 60, issue 4, pages 1505-1537, November, DOI: 10.1111/iere.12395.
- Damian Clarke & Sonia Oreffice & Climent Quintana‐Domeque, 2019, "The demand for season of birth," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., volume 34, issue 5, pages 707-723, August, DOI: 10.1002/jae.2711.
- Christopher J. Cronin & David K. Guilkey & Ilene S. Speizer, 2019, "Measurement error in discrete health facility choice models: An example from urban Senegal," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., volume 34, issue 7, pages 1102-1120, November, DOI: 10.1002/jae.2739.
- Franck Nicolas, 2019, "Investment Strategies for Retirement," World Scientific Books, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., number 11034, ISBN: ARRAY(0x6f98f150).
- Franck Nicolas, 2019, "Retirement Issues Across The Globe," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 1, "Investment Strategies for Retirement".
- Franck Nicolas, 2019, "Strategic Asset Allocation And Portfolio Construction," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 2, "Investment Strategies for Retirement".
- Franck Nicolas, 2019, "Tactical Asset Allocation," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 3, "Investment Strategies for Retirement".
- Franck Nicolas, 2019, "Equity Investment," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 4, "Investment Strategies for Retirement".
- Franck Nicolas, 2019, "The Time Value Of Money," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 5, "Investment Strategies for Retirement".
- Franck Nicolas, 2019, "Bond Investment," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 6, "Investment Strategies for Retirement".
- Franck Nicolas, 2019, "Risk Management Strategies," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 7, "Investment Strategies for Retirement".
- Franck Nicolas, 2019, "Real Estate Investment," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 8, "Investment Strategies for Retirement".
- Franck Nicolas, 2019, "The Specific Case For Inflation," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 9, "Investment Strategies for Retirement".
- Franck Nicolas, 2019, "Life Annuities," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 10, "Investment Strategies for Retirement".
- Franck Nicolas, 2019, "The Accumulation Phase," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 11, "Investment Strategies for Retirement".
- Franck Nicolas, 2019, "Lifecycle Investing," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 12, "Investment Strategies for Retirement".
- Franck Nicolas, 2019, "Post Retirement Strategies," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 13, "Investment Strategies for Retirement".
- Franck Nicolas, 2019, "Financial Planning Before Retirement," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 14, "Investment Strategies for Retirement".
- Franck Nicolas, 2019, "Global Retirement Strategy," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 15, "Investment Strategies for Retirement".
- Lee, Y-W.;, 2019, "Effects of Parental Job Loss and Insecurity on Children’s Health: Evidence from Korea," Health, Econometrics and Data Group (HEDG) Working Papers, HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York, number 19/09, May.
- Gloria Moroni & Cheti Nicoletti & Emma Tominey, 2019, "Child Socio-Emotional Skills: The Role of Parental Inputs," Discussion Papers, Department of Economics, University of York, number 19/08, Jun.
- Yu, Haiyue & Cao, Jin & Kang, Shulong, 2019, "Fertility cost, intergenerational labor division, and female employment," BOFIT Discussion Papers, Bank of Finland Institute for Emerging Economies (BOFIT), number 14/2019.
- Dalgaard, Carl-Johan & Hansen, Casper Worm & Strulik, Holger, 2019, "Accounting for fetal origins: Health capital vs. health deficits," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics, number 385.
- Kamhöfer, Daniel A. & Westphal, Matthias, 2019, "Fertility effects of college education: Evidence from the German educational expansion," DICE Discussion Papers, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), number 316.
- Kuger, Susanne & Marcus, Jan & Spiess, C. Katharina, 2019, "Day care quality and changes in the home learning environment of children," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, volume 27, issue 3, pages 265-286, DOI: 10.1080/09645292.2019.1565401.
- Gambaro, Ludovica & Marcus, Jan & Peter, Frauke, 2019, "School entry, afternoon care, and mothers' labour supply," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, volume 57, issue 3, pages 769-803.
- Huebener, Mathias & Kuehnle, Daniel & Spiess, C. Katharina, 2019, "Parental leave policies and socio-economic gaps in child development: Evidence from a substantial benefit reform using administrative data," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, volume 61.
- Nguyen, Ha Trong & Connelly, Luke & Le, Huong Thu & Mitrou, Francis & Taylor, Catherine L. & Zubrick, Stephen R., 2019, "Sources of ethnicity differences in non-cognitive development in children and adolescents," EconStor Preprints, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, number 205801.
- Nguyen, Ha Trong & Connelly, B. Luke & Le, Huong Thu & Mitrou, Francis & Taylor, L. Catherine & Zubrick, R. Stephen, 2019, "Explaining the evolution of ethnicity differentials in academic achievements: The role of time investments," EconStor Preprints, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, number 209628.
- Cai, Zhengyu & Stephens, Heather M. & Winters, John V., 2019, "Motherhood, Migration, and Self-Employment of College Graduates," GLO Discussion Paper Series, Global Labor Organization (GLO), number 317.
- Jirjahn, Uwe & Struewing, Cornelia, 2019, "Out-of-Partnership Births in East and West Germany," GLO Discussion Paper Series, Global Labor Organization (GLO), number 337.
- Jirjahn, Uwe & Mohrenweiser, Jens, 2019, "Works Councils and Organizational Gender Policies in Germany," GLO Discussion Paper Series, Global Labor Organization (GLO), number 347.
- Dang, Hai-Anh H. & Hiraga, Masako & Nguyen, Cuong Viet, 2019, "Childcare and Maternal Employment: Evidence from Vietnam," GLO Discussion Paper Series, Global Labor Organization (GLO), number 349.
- Gutierrez, Federico H., 2019, "Will You Marry Me ... if Our Children Are Healthy? The Impact of Maternal Age and the Associated Risk of Having a Child with Health Problems on Family Structure," GLO Discussion Paper Series, Global Labor Organization (GLO), number 354.
- Kumar, Santosh & Kumar, Kaushalendra & Laxminarayan, Ramanan & Nandi, Arindam, 2019, "Birth Weight and Cognitive Development during Childhood: Evidence from India," GLO Discussion Paper Series, Global Labor Organization (GLO), number 358.
- Gözgör, Giray & Bilgin, Mehmet Huseyin & Rangazas, Peter, 2019, "Economic Uncertainty and Fertility," GLO Discussion Paper Series, Global Labor Organization (GLO), number 360.
- Gao, Yanyan & Qu, Zhaopeng, 2019, "‘More Children, More Happiness?’: New Evidence from Elderly Parents in China," GLO Discussion Paper Series, Global Labor Organization (GLO), number 366.
- Marcén, Miriam & Morales, Marina, 2019, "Gender division of household labor: How does culture operate?," GLO Discussion Paper Series, Global Labor Organization (GLO), number 373.
- Bratti, Massimiliano & Fiore, Simona & Mendola, Mariapia, 2019, "The Impact of Family Size and Sibling Structure on the Great Mexico-U.S. Migration," GLO Discussion Paper Series, Global Labor Organization (GLO), number 392.
- Corazzini, Luca & Meschi, Elena & Pavese, Caterina, 2019, "Impact of Early Childcare on Immigrant Children’s Educational Performance," GLO Discussion Paper Series, Global Labor Organization (GLO), number 394.
- Jiang, Hanchen & Yang, Xi, 2019, "Parental Migration, Investment in Children, and Children's Non-cognitive Development: Evidence from Rural China," GLO Discussion Paper Series, Global Labor Organization (GLO), number 395.
- Aina, Carmen & Baici, Eliana & Casalone, Giorgia & Pastore, Francesco, 2019, "Delayed graduation and university dropout: A review of theoretical approaches," GLO Discussion Paper Series, Global Labor Organization (GLO), number 399.
- Gonçalves, Judite & Martins, Pedro S., 2019, "Is the future of work childless? Self-employment and fertility," GLO Discussion Paper Series, Global Labor Organization (GLO), number 401.
- Kurnaz, Musab & Soytas, Mehmet A., 2019, "Intergenerational Income Mobility and Income Taxation," GLO Discussion Paper Series, Global Labor Organization (GLO), number 409.
- Neyt, Brecht & Baert, Stijn & Vynckier, Jana, 2019, "Job Prestige and Mobile Dating Success: A Field Experiment," GLO Discussion Paper Series, Global Labor Organization (GLO), number 422.
- Clark, Jeremy & Ferrer, Ana M., 2019, "The effect of house prices on fertility: Evidence from Canada," Economics Discussion Papers, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, number 2019-24.
- Lao, Yehui & Dong, Zhiqiang, 2019, "The only child, birth order and educational outcomes," Economics Discussion Papers, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, number 2019-7.
- Lao, Yehui & Dong, Zhiqiang, 2019, "The only child, birth order and educational outcomes," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy, volume 13, pages 1-24, DOI: 10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2019-.
- Clark, Jeremy & Ferrer, Ana, 2019, "The effect of house prices on fertility: Evidence from Canada," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy, volume 13, pages 1-32, DOI: 10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2019-.
- Jaeger, David A. & Joyce, Theodore J. & Kaestner, Robert, 2019, "Tweet Sixteen and Pregnant: Missing Links in the Causal Chain from Reality TV to Fertility. A replication study of Kearney & Levine (American Economic Review, 2015)," International Journal for Re-Views in Empirical Economics (IREE), ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, volume 3, pages 1-16, DOI: 10.18718/81781.10.
- Geis-Thöne, Wido, 2019, "Beschäftigungsboom im Betreuungsbereich und keine Trendumkehr in Sicht: Aktuelle Entwicklungen bei Beschäftigung, Fachkräfteangebot und -nachfrage," IW-Reports, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, number 14/2019.
- Geis-Thöne, Wido, 2019, "Tägliches (Vor-)Lesen steigert die schulischen Leistungen: Ergebnisse zu den längerfristigen Effekten auf Basis des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels," IW-Reports, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, number 39/2019.
- Geis-Thöne, Wido & Schüler, Ruth M., 2019, "Lebenslagen und Kompetenzentwicklung von Grundschulkindern
[The living conditions and competence development of primary school children]," IW-Trends – Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, volume 46, issue 2, pages 83-102, DOI: 10.2373/1864-810X.19-02-06.
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