Boys don't cry (or do the dishes): family size and the housework gender gap

We here use data from the British Cohort Study (BCS) to link family size to age-16 children's contribution to household chores and the adult housework gender gap. Assuming that home production is an increasing function of family size and using an instrument to account for the endogeneity of fertility, we show that larger families have a different effect on boys and girls at age 16: girls in large families are significantly more likely to contribute to housework, with no effect for boys. We then show that childhood family size affects the housework gender gap between the cohort members and their partners at age 34. Women who grew up in larger families are more likely to carry out a greater share of household tasks in adulthood, as compared to women from smaller families. In addition, larger families at age 16 make cohort members more likely to sort into households with a larger housework gender gap. We show that the persistent effect of family size is due to the adoption of behaviours and attitudes in line with traditional gender roles: a lower likelihood of employment and shorter commutes for women, along with a higher employment probability for men. Last, the family-size effect here is mostly driven by low-income families, so that the outsourcing of household tasks may help to sustain fertility without aggravating the gender housework gap