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Beschäftigungseffekte der Digitalisierung in den Bundesländern sowie in Stadt und Land

Author

Listed:
  • Matthias Firgo
  • Peter Mayerhofer
  • Michael Peneder
  • Philipp Piribauer

    (WIFO)

  • Peter Reschenhofer

Abstract

Dem arbeitssparenden Element des Einsatzes digitaler Technologien stehen positive Nachfrageeffekte durch eine Senkung der Produktionskosten und die Schaffung einer Vielzahl neuer Produkte gegenüber. Aufgrund der Komplexität dieser teils gegenläufigen Effekte sind theoretische Vorhersagen der Nettoeffekte des Einsatzes digitaler Technologien auf die Beschäftigung a priori kaum möglich. Ein strukturierter Survey der internationalen Literatur zeigt bisher überwiegend positive Wirkungen. Auch für Österreich liefern die im Rahmen der Studie durchgeführten Analysen vorwiegend positive Befunde: Die Beschäftigung wuchs in hoch digitalisierten Branchen in allen Bundesländern seit 2010 stärker als die Gesamtbeschäftigung. Insgesamt weisen urbane Regionen für hoch digitalisierte Branchen – bei beträchtlicher Heterogenität zwischen unterschiedlichen Indikatoren zur Messung des Digitalisierungsgrades – Standortvorteile gegenüber anderen Regionen auf, die sich in der Vergangenheit auch kaum verringerten. Die Nettoeffekte eines höheren Digitalisierungsgrades der lokalen Wirtschaft auf die Gesamtbeschäftigung vor Ort sind ebenso mehrheitlich positiv, wobei Regionen außerhalb der Zentren – bei entsprechender Ausstattung mit Humankapital – sowie die stärker von der Industrie geprägten Bundesländer besonders von einer hoch digitalisierten lokalen Wirtschaft profitieren dürften. Eine Verbesserung der Breitbandinfrastruktur (Downloadgeschwindigkeit) hat ebenfalls positive Effekte für die Beschäftigungsentwicklung, insbesondere für bevölkerungsarme Gemeinden und für Gemeinden mit anfangs niedriger Bandbreite sowie für die Beschäftigung in wissensintensiven Dienstleistungen. Für die Bevölkerungsentwicklung der Gemeinden scheint die Breitbandqualität hingegen, trotz damit verbundener besserer Möglichkeiten für Teleworking, eine vernachlässigbare Rolle zu spielen.

Suggested Citation

  • Matthias Firgo & Peter Mayerhofer & Michael Peneder & Philipp Piribauer & Peter Reschenhofer, 2018. "Beschäftigungseffekte der Digitalisierung in den Bundesländern sowie in Stadt und Land," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 61633.
  • Handle: RePEc:wfo:wstudy:61633
    Note: With English abstract.
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Julia Bock-Schappelwein, 2020. "Welches Home-Office-Potential birgt der österreichische Arbeitsmarkt?," WIFO Research Briefs 4, WIFO.
    2. Matthias Firgo & Elisabeth Arnold & Julia Bachtrögler-Unger & Fabian Gabelberger & Peter Huber & Anna Matzner & Peter Mayerhofer & Maria Riegler & Birgit Schuster & Fabian Unterlass, 2021. "Fünfter Bericht zur internationalen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit Wiens. Teilbericht 2: Wettbewerbsfähigkeit in den sechs "Spitzenthemen" der Wirtschafts- und Innovationsstrategie "Wien 2030&quo," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 67261.
    3. Michael Peneder & Matthias Firgo & Gerhard Streicher, 2019. "Digitalisierung in Österreich: eine Standortbestimmung," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 92(6), pages 447-457, June.
    4. Michael Peneder & Matthias Firgo & Gerhard Streicher, 2019. "Stand der Digitalisierung in Österreich," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 61654.
    5. Peter Mayerhofer & Julia Bachtrögler-Unger & Klaus Nowotny & Gerhard Streicher, 2021. "Ökonomische Wirkung von Interventionen der Europäischen Struktur- und Investitionsfonds in Österreich seit 1995," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 94(2), pages 139-150, February.
    6. Briglauer, Wolfgang & Stocker, Volker, 2020. "Bedeutung digitaler Infrastrukturen und Dienste und Maßnahmen zur Förderung der Resilienz in Krisenzeiten," Policy Notes 42, EcoAustria – Institute for Economic Research.
    7. Michael Peneder & Benjamin Bittschi & Angela Köppl & Peter Mayerhofer & Thomas Url, 2022. "Das WIFO-Radar der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der österreichischen Wirtschaft 2022," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 95(12), pages 809-822, December.
    8. Julia Bock-Schappelwein & Matthias Firgo & Agnes Kügler, 2020. "Digitalisierung in Österreich: Fortschritt und Home-Office-Potential," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 93(7), pages 527-538, July.
    9. Michael Peneder & Benjamin Bittschi & Angela Köppl & Peter Mayerhofer & Thomas Url, 2023. "The WIFO Radar of Competitiveness for the Austrian Economy 2022," WIFO Reports on Austria, WIFO, issue 2, January.
    10. Peter Mayerhofer, 2022. "Vorarlbergs Wirtschaft im europäischen Konkurrenzumfeld. Bericht zur internationalen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit 2022," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 69424.
    11. Michael Peneder, 2020. "Eine neue Taxonomie zur Gliederung von Branchen nach ihrer IKT-Intensität," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 93(2), pages 111-121, February.
    12. Kinga Hat & Gernot Stoeglehner, 2020. "Spatial Dimension of the Employment Market Exposition to Digitalisation—The Case of Austria," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-29, March.
    13. Matthias Firgo & Peter Mayerhofer & Michael Peneder & Philipp Piribauer & Peter Reschenhofer, 2019. "Regionale Beschäftigungseffekte der Digitalisierung in Österreich," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 92(6), pages 459-469, June.

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