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Relativity, inequality and optimal taxation of internationally mobile top incomes

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  • Darong Dai
  • Guoqiang Tian

Abstract

We use the Mirrlees income tax model with migration between two countries to investigate the optimal labour income taxation of top earners, where individuals vary in skill levels and migration costs. We consider three scenarios of relative consumption concerns: comparisons with average consumption in the population, upward comparisons and comparisons with median‐skill individuals. The tax formulas for the optimal marginal tax rate imposed on top skills are derived in closed form. Ceteris paribus, the optimal tax rate decreases with the migration elasticity of top earners but increases with the degree of inequality or the intensity of relative concerns. To explore the joint impact of these factors on the optimal tax rate, we find that even when governments prioritize the most redistributive social objective (maxi‐min), an increase in the migration elasticity of top earners weakens the demand for reducing inequality, leading to a situation where the retention and attraction of top talent take precedence over inequality mitigation. Conversely, an increase in the migration elasticity of these individuals enhances the demand for correcting positional externalities. The quantitative significance of these theoretical findings is supported by numerical examples based on parameter estimates from empirical studies. Relativité, inégalité et imposition optimale des revenus supérieurs internationalement mobiles. Nous utilisons le modèle d'imposition optimale de Mirrlees avec migration entre deux pays pour étudier l'imposition optimale des revenus des gens les mieux rémunérés, où la compétence et les coûts de migration varient selon les personnes. Nous envisageons trois scénarios de préoccupations relatives à la consommation : comparaisons avec la consommation moyenne de la population, comparaisons ascendantes et comparaisons avec les personnes de compétence médiane. Les formules fiscales pour le taux d'imposition marginal optimal appliquées aux personnes les plus qualifiées sont dérivées sous forme explicite. Toutes autres choses étant égales, le taux d'imposition optimal diminue avec l'élasticité migratoire des personnes les mieux rémunérées, mais augmente avec le degré d'inégalité ou l'intensité des préoccupations relatives. En explorant l'incidence conjointe de ces facteurs sur le taux d'imposition optimal, nous constatons que même lorsque les gouvernements accordent la priorité à l'objectif social de redistribution le plus optimal (maxi‐min), une augmentation de l'élasticité migratoire des personnes les mieux rémunérées affaiblit la demande de réduction des inégalités, ce qui conduit à une situation où la rétention et l'attraction des meilleurs talents prévalent sur l'atténuation des inégalités. Inversement, une augmentation de l'élasticité migratoire de ces personnes renforce la demande de correction des externalités positionnelles. La signification quantitative de ces résultats théoriques est étayée par des exemples numériques basés sur des paramètres estimés provenant d'études empiriques.

Suggested Citation

  • Darong Dai & Guoqiang Tian, 2025. "Relativity, inequality and optimal taxation of internationally mobile top incomes," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 58(4), pages 1338-1376, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:58:y:2025:i:4:p:1338-1376
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.70037
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