Brain Drain and Brain Gain: The Global Competition to Attract High-Skilled Migrants

The worldwide race to attract talents is getting tougher. The US has been leading the race, with its ability to attract PhD candidates and graduates not only from emerging countries, but also from the European Union. However, a growing number of countries have adopted immigration policies specifically aimed at selecting and attracting skilled workers. This book describes the global competition to attract talents. It focuses in particular on two phenomena: the brain gain and brain drain associated with high-skilled migration. Part I provides an overview of immigration policies designed to draw in skilled workers. It describes the economic gains associated with skilled immigration in the destination countries and the main determinants of the inflows of skilled immigrants (such as wage premia on education and R&D spending). It also discusses why skill-selective immigration policies do not find more support in receiving countries and shows that interest groups are actively engaged in affecting policies towards skilled migrants. Part II examines the consequences of brain drain for the sending countries. It reviews the channels through which skilled emigration can affect the source countries and looks at remittances, return migration, diaspora externalities, and network effects that may compensate the sending countries for their loss of human capital. Contrary to traditional wisdom, the results indicate that most developing countries experience a net gain from skilled emigration. Contributors to this volume - Sascha Becker, University of Warwick Simone Bertoli, CERDI, University of Auvergne Tito Boeri, Universita Bocconi and Fondazione Rodolfo Debenedetti Herbert Brucker, University of Bamburg and IAB Frederic Docquier, Universite Catholique de Louvain Giovanni Facchini, University of Milan Anna Maria Mayda, Georgetown University Giovanni Peri, University of California, Davis Hillel Rapoport, Bar-Ilan University Antonio Spilimbergo, International Monetary Fund Alessandra Venturini, University of Turin