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The role of financial inclusion and human capital on the ecological deficit

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  • Durmuş Çağrı Yıldırım

    (Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University)

  • Işıl Demirtaş

    (Giresun University)

  • Seda Yıldırım

    (Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University)

  • Tuğba Turan

    (Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University)

Abstract

This study explores the effects of financial inclusion, human capital, energy consumption, urbanization, and per capita income on the ecological deficit, using moments quantile regression (MMQR) model with data from 34 OECD countries. In the study, a panel dataset covering the period from 1994 to 2018 is used. According to the MMQR results, both financial inclusion and human capital have a stronger impact on environmental deficit at the higher quantiles (such as energy consumption, population, and per capita income square). In the face of a higher deficit, an increase in financial inclusion increases pollution more, while human capital decreases it.

Suggested Citation

  • Durmuş Çağrı Yıldırım & Işıl Demirtaş & Seda Yıldırım & Tuğba Turan, 2025. "The role of financial inclusion and human capital on the ecological deficit," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 27(3), pages 7091-7114, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:27:y:2025:i:3:d:10.1007_s10668-023-04181-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-04181-1
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