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Accès à la formation continue en entreprise et caractéristiques des marchés locaux du travail

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  • Cécile Détang-Dessendre

Abstract

[fre] Tous les salariés n’ont pas les mêmes chances d’accéder . à la formation continue financée par leur entreprise. . Le salarié pour qui cette probabilité est la plus élevée n’est novice ni dans son poste ni sur le marché du travail, occupe un emploi de cadre ou une profession intermédiaire dans une grande entreprise (plus de 500 salariés) de service ou du secteur industriel à haut niveau technologique. Ce salarié a plus d’une chance . sur deux d’avoir suivi une formation financée par son . entreprise au cours de l’année précédente, alors que la moyenne est plus proche d’une chance sur quatre. Une fois contrôlées ces caractéristiques du salarié et de l’entreprise, il reste des différences spatiales d’accès à la formation continue: la probabilité d’accès diminue lorsque la densité des marchés locaux du travail (mesurée à l’échelle de la zone d’emploi) augmente. Les meilleurs appariements employé-poste et le turnover plus élevé sur les marchés denses seraient déterminants pour expliquer le moindre recours à la formation continue dans ces espaces. Le rôle négatif de la densité concernerait uniquement les salariés des entreprises urbaines et l’accès à formation continue serait moins fréquent pour les salariés des . firmes rurales que pour ceux des firmes urbaines. [ger] Nicht alle Arbeitnehmer haben die gleichen Chancen auf . eine von ihrem Unternehmen finanzierte Fortbildung. . Der Arbeitnehmer mit den größten Chancen ist weder neu auf seinem Posten noch auf dem Arbeitsmarkt, hat eine Stellung als Führungskraft oder einen intermediären Beruf in einem großen Unternehmen (über 500 Beschäftigte) der Dienstleistungs-oder Hochtechnologieindustriebranche. Dieser Arbeitnehmer hat eine fünfzigprozentige Chance, im Verlauf des letzten Jahres eine von seiner Firma bezahlte Fortbildung durchgeführt zu haben, während der Durchschnitt eher bei einer fünfundzwanzigprozentigen Chance liegt. Nach der Kontrolle dieser Eigenschaften des Arbeitnehmers und der Firma verbleiben räumliche Unterschiede beim Zugang zur Fortbildung: Die Wahrscheinlichkeit dieses Zugangs reduziert sich bei steigender Dichte der lokalen Arbeitsmärkte (gemessen auf der Ebene der Arbeitszone). Die besseren Paarbildungen Arbeitnehmer/ Posten und die größere Fluktuation auf dichten Märkten sollen ausschlaggebend sein, um die geringere Beanspruchung der Weiterbildung in diesen Räumen zu erklären. Die negative Rolle der Dichte soll dabei nur die Arbeitnehmer der städtischen Unternehmen betreffen und der Zugang zur Fortbildung wäre geringer für die Arbeitnehmer in den ländlichen als in den städtischen Firmen. [spa] No todos los asalariados tienen las mismas probabilidades . de acceso a la formación continua financiada por . su empresa. El asalariado para quien esta probabilidad es más elevada no es novato ni en su puesto de trabajo . ni en el mercado de trabajo; ocupa un puesto directivo . o es un cuadro intermedio en una gran empresa (más de 500 asalariados) de los servicios o del sector industrial con un alto nivel tecnológico. Este asalariado tiene más de una probabilidad sobre dos de haber seguido . una formación financiada por su empresa en el transcurso . del año anterior, mientras que la media está más cerca de una probabilidad sobre cuatro. Una vez determinadas estas características del asalariado de la empresa, quedan diferencias espaciales de acceso a la formación continua: la probabilidad de acceso disminuye cuando aumenta la densidad de los mercados locales de trabajo (medida en la escala de la zona de empleo). Los mejores emparejamientos empleado-puesto de trabajo y la renovación más elevada en los mercados densos serían determinantes para explicar el menor recurso a la formación continua en dichos espacios. El papel negativo de la densidad afectaría únicamente a los asalariados de las empresas urbanas y el acceso a la formación continua sería menos frecuente para los asalariados de las empresas rurales que para los de las empresas urbanas. [eng] Not all workers are equally likely to access continuingeducation programs funded by their employers. The employees with the greatest chances of doing so are neither beginners in their jobs nor newcomers to the . labour market; they hold managerial or intermediate white-collar positions in large firms (more than 500 . employees) in the service sector or high-tech industrial sector. Such employees have more than one chance in two of having attended an employer-funded training program in the previous year, compared with an average closer to one chance in four. After examining these characteristics of the employee . and the firm, we are left with spatial differences in access to continuing education: the probability of access decreases when the density of local labour markets (measured at employment-area level) increases. The better employee/ job matches and the higher turnover in dense markets seem to be decisive in explaining the lesser reliance on continuing education in these geographic areas. . . Our findings suggest that (1) the negative role of density only affects employees in urban firms and (2) employees in rural firms are less likely to access continuing education than their urban-firm counterparts.

Suggested Citation

  • Cécile Détang-Dessendre, 2010. "Accès à la formation continue en entreprise et caractéristiques des marchés locaux du travail," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 431(1), pages 115-128.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2010_num_431_1_8077
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2010.8077
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2010.8077
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    JEL classification:

    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • R39 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Other

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