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The urban density premium across establishments

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  • Faberman, R. Jason
  • Freedman, Matthew

Abstract

We use longitudinal establishment data to estimate the urban density premium for U.S. establishments, controlling for observed establishment characteristics and dynamic establishment behavior. Consistent with previous studies, we find an elasticity of average establishment earnings with respect to metropolitan area population of 0.03, controlling for the endogeneity of location and establishment and metropolitan area characteristics. More importantly, we find that the estimated density premium is realized almost entirely at entry and is constant over an establishment's life. We find little evidence that the endogenous entry or exit of establishments can account for any of the estimated density premium. We interpret our results as implying that the returns to agglomeration diffuse within a city through a reallocation channel rather than through an increase in the productivity of existing firms.

Suggested Citation

  • Faberman, R. Jason & Freedman, Matthew, 2016. "The urban density premium across establishments," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 71-84.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:juecon:v:93:y:2016:i:c:p:71-84
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2016.03.006
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    6. Combes, Pierre-Philippe & Gobillon, Laurent, 2015. "The Empirics of Agglomeration Economies," Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, in: Gilles Duranton & J. V. Henderson & William C. Strange (ed.), Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, edition 1, volume 5, chapter 0, pages 247-348, Elsevier.
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    14. Lars Kolvereid & Bjørn Willy Åmo, 2019. "Growth Intention and Growth in Small Accounting Firms," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-11, April.
    15. Gabriel M. Ahfeldt & Elisabetta Pietrostefani, 2017. "The Compact City in Empirical Research: A Quantitative Literature Review," SERC Discussion Papers 0215, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    16. Elisa Giannone, 2017. "Skill-Biased Technical Change and Regional Convergence," 2017 Meeting Papers 190, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    17. René BELDERBOS & FUKAO Kyoji & IKEUCHI Kenta & KIM Young Gak & KWON Hyeog Ug, 2022. "Does Industry Agglomeration Attract Productive Firms? The role of product markets in adverse selection," Discussion papers 22105, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    18. Le Chen & Leshui Yu & Jiangbin Yin & Meijun Xi, 2023. "Impact of Population Density on Spatial Differences in the Economic Growth of Urban Agglomerations: The Case of Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-18, October.
    19. Paul Verstraten & Gerard Verweij & Peter Zwaneveld, 2018. "Why do wages grow faster in urban areas? Sorting of high potentials matters," CPB Discussion Paper 377, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    20. Gornig, Martin & Schiersch, Alexander, 2019. "Agglomeration economies and firm TFP: different effects across industries," VfS Annual Conference 2019 (Leipzig): 30 Years after the Fall of the Berlin Wall - Democracy and Market Economy 203597, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    21. Li Yu & Georgeanne M. Artz, 2019. "Does rural entrepreneurship pay?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 53(3), pages 647-668, October.
    22. Paul Verstraten & Gerard Verweij & Peter Zwaneveld, 2018. "Why do wages grow faster in urban areas? Sorting of high potentials matters," CPB Discussion Paper 377.rdf, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    23. Schröpf, Benedikt, 2021. "The dynamics of wage dispersion between firms: The role of firm entry and exit," Discussion Papers 120, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Chair of Labour and Regional Economics.
    24. Antonio Andrés Bellofatto & Begoña Domínguez & Elyse C. Dwyer, 2023. "Uncovering Urban Advantages: Evidence from Australian Firm‐Level Data," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 99(S1), pages 13-34, December.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Urban density premium; Dynamic agglomeration economies; Establishment entry and exit;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)
    • R30 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - General
    • D22 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis

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