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Financial integration and fragmentation in the euro area

Author

Listed:
  • M. de Sola Perea

    (National Bank of Belgium)

  • Ch. Van Nieuwenhuyze

    (National Bank of Belgium)

Abstract

The article examines developments in euro area cross-border capital flows, together with benchmark rates and bank lending rates, and shows that the process of financial integration among euro area countries over the first years of the monetary union went temporarily into reverse, starting in 2007 and intensifying after 2011. This development was characterised by an increasing home bias in the banking sector, a reversal of net capital flows within the euro area, and diverging interest rate developments across national borders. This fragmentation process creates distortions in the monetary policy transmission mechanism in the euro area and weakens the sustainability of the net external positions built up in the past. The article also presents the policy responses to deal with these developments, from the initial substitution of private by official cross-border capital flows and measures to restore monetary transmission in all market segments, to longer-term measures (e.g. banking union) that should contribute to a deeper and more robust form of financial integration in the euro area.

Suggested Citation

  • M. de Sola Perea & Ch. Van Nieuwenhuyze, 2014. "Financial integration and fragmentation in the euro area," Economic Review, National Bank of Belgium, issue i, pages 99-125, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbb:ecrart:y:2014:m:june:i:i:p:99-125
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    File URL: https://www.nbb.be/en/articles/financial-integration-and-fragmentation-euro-area-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Zaghini, Andrea, 2016. "Fragmentation and heterogeneity in the euro-area corporate bond market: Back to normal?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 51-61.
    2. Maria Karadima & Helen Louri, 2020. "Bank competition and credit risk in the Euro area, 2005-2017: Is there evidence of convergence?," LEQS – LSE 'Europe in Question' Discussion Paper Series 155, European Institute, LSE.
    3. Cristina Arellano & Andrew Atkeson & Mark Wright, 2016. "External and Public Debt Crises," NBER Macroeconomics Annual, University of Chicago Press, vol. 30(1), pages 191-244.
    4. Andries, Natalia & Billon, Steve, 2016. "Retail bank interest rate pass-through in the euro area: An empirical survey," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 170-194.
    5. Gilles Dufrénot & Fredj Jawadi & Zied Ftiti, 2022. "Sovereign bond market integration in the euro area: a new empirical conceptualization," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 318(1), pages 147-161, November.
    6. Illes, Anamaria & Lombardi, Marco J. & Mizen, Paul, 2019. "The divergence of bank lending rates from policy rates after the financial crisis: The role of bank funding costs," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 117-141.
    7. Roxana Badîrcea & Alina Manta & Ramona Pîrvu & Nicoleta Florea, 2016. "Banking Integration in European Context," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 18(42), pages 317-317, May.
    8. Maria Karadima & Helen Louri, 2020. "Bank Competition and Credit Risk in Euro Area Banking: Fragmentation and Convergence Dynamics," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-28, March.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E43 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • F34 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Lending and Debt Problems
    • F36 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration

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