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A működőtőke hatása a bruttó nemzeti jövedelemre Magyarországon
[The effect of direct investment on Hungary s gross national income]

Author

Listed:
  • Pitz, Mónika
  • Balatoni, András

Abstract

Jelen tanulmány a külföldi működőtőke magyar gazdasághoz való hozzájárulását vizsgálja. A külföldi érdekeltségű vállalatok beruházásokból, foglalkoztatottságból, külkereskedelmi áruforgalomból, valamint GDP-ből való részesedésének számbevételén túl a tanulmány számszerűsíti a bruttó nemzeti jövedelemre (GNI) gyakorolt hatást, és összeveti azt az alternatív külső finanszírozási formák behelyettesítésével kapott eredményekkel. Bemutatja, hogy az elmúlt 15 évben mért átlagos 2,3 százalékos GDP-növekedésből 0,69-0,89 százalékos évi dinamika származott a külföldi működőtőke beáramlásából. Ugyanakkor a számítások azt is megmutatják, hogy a működőtőke implicit kamata meghaladta az alternatív finanszírozási forrásokét. A kettő erő eredője azonban pozitív hatást eredményez: amennyiben a külföldi működőtőkét hitellel vagy portfóliótőkével helyettesítettük volna, úgy a nemzeti jövedelem 6-14 százalékkal lett volna alacsonyabb 2009-ben. A működőtőke-beáramlásból származó előnyök emellett tovább növelhetők az abszorpciós kapacitás bővítésével, ami az emberi tőke rendelkezésre álló mennyiségének, a fizikai és pénzügyi infrastruktúrának, a makrogazdasági stabilitásnak, valamint az intézményrendszernek a függvénye. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: F20, F21, F43.

Suggested Citation

  • Pitz, Mónika & Balatoni, András, 2012. "A működőtőke hatása a bruttó nemzeti jövedelemre Magyarországon [The effect of direct investment on Hungary s gross national income]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(1), pages 1-30.
    • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:1284
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    Cited by:

    1. Gál, Zoltán, 2019. "Az FDI szerepe a gazdasági növekedés és a beruházások területi differenciálódásában Magyarországon [The foreign direct investment role in Hungarys economic growth and territorial differentiation of," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(6), pages 653-686.
    2. Kengyel, Ákos, 2014. "Az európai uniós tagság mint modernizációs hajtóerő. Gondolatok a kelet-közép-európai országok EU-tagságának 10. évfordulóján [EU membership as a driving force of modernization. Ideas on the 10th a," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(4), pages 493-508.
    3. Miguel Ramirez & Zsófia Kőműves, 2014. "Economic Infrastructure, Private Capital Formation, and FDI Inflows to Hungary: A Unit Root and Cointegration Analysis with Structural Breaks," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 42(4), pages 367-382, December.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F20 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - General
    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
    • F43 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Economic Growth of Open Economies

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