IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/kap/transp/v50y2023i1d10.1007_s11116-021-10240-1.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

An extended theory of planned behavior to explain the intention to use carsharing: a multi-group analysis of different sociodemographic characteristics

Author

Listed:
  • Leiming Li

    (China University of Petroleum (East China))

  • Yu Zhang

    (China University of Petroleum (East China))

Abstract

Carsharing represents an alternative to private vehicles and is becoming internationally recognized as a method of sustainable transportation. Compared with the United States and countries in Europe, carsharing services in China started later and were initially underwhelming. With the revival and popularity of the sharing economy, carsharing has been thriving in China in recent years but remains in an initial stage. Understanding the determinants of people’s intentions to carshare is critical for the promotion of carsharing services. The theoretical framework of this research is an expanded version of the theory of planned behavior containing environmental concern. A questionnaire was created to empirically test the model and a total of 1165 valid surveys were collected in four new first-tier cities in China. The intention to use carsharing was found to be directly affected by attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control rather than environmental concern. However, people’s environmental concern was verified as indirectly impacting their intentions to use carsharing through attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. In addition, this study also tested the moderating effect of car ownership, age, gender and income by adopting a multi-group analysis. The results confirm the moderating effect of car ownership and gender on people’s intention to use carsharing, revealing the differences that exist between people with private cars and those without as well as the differences between the male and female gender. The moderating effects of age and income on people’s intention to use carsharing were found to be insignificant. These findings provide practical insights for carsharing organizations and transportation departments. The limitations of this study and suggestions for further research are also discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Leiming Li & Yu Zhang, 2023. "An extended theory of planned behavior to explain the intention to use carsharing: a multi-group analysis of different sociodemographic characteristics," Transportation, Springer, vol. 50(1), pages 143-181, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:transp:v:50:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1007_s11116-021-10240-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s11116-021-10240-1
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11116-021-10240-1
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11116-021-10240-1?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shaheen, Susan A & Rodier, Caroline J, 2005. "Travel Effects of a Suburban Commuter Carsharing Service: CarLink Case Study," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt61346539, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    2. Piali Haldar & Pooja Goel, 2019. "Willingness to use carsharing apps: an integrated TPB and TAM," International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 19(2), pages 129-146.
    3. Rens Meijkamp, 1998. "Changing consumer behaviour through eco‐efficient services: an empirical study of car sharing in the Netherlands," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 7(4), pages 234-244, September.
    4. Romeo Danielis & Lucia Rotaris & Andrea Rusich & Eva Valeri, 2016. "The Potential Demand for Carsharing by University Students: An Italian Case Study," SCIENZE REGIONALI, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2016(1), pages 77-99.
    5. Prieto, Marc & Baltas, George & Stan, Valentina, 2017. "Car sharing adoption intention in urban areas: What are the key sociodemographic drivers?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 218-227.
    6. Cook, A. J. & Kerr, G. N. & Moore, K., 2002. "Attitudes and intentions towards purchasing GM food," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 23(5), pages 557-572, October.
    7. Steininger, Karl & Vogl, Caroline & Zettl, Ralph, 1996. "Car-sharing organizations : The size of the market segment and revealed change in mobility behavior," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 177-185, October.
    8. Fleura Bardhi & Giana M. Eckhardt, 2012. "Access-Based Consumption: The Case of Car Sharing," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 39(4), pages 881-898.
    9. James Arbuckle, 1994. "Computer announcement amos: Analysis of moment structures," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 59(1), pages 135-137, March.
    10. Marcel Paulssen & Dirk Temme & Akshay Vij & Joan Walker, 2014. "Values, attitudes and travel behavior: a hierarchical latent variable mixed logit model of travel mode choice," Transportation, Springer, vol. 41(4), pages 873-888, July.
    11. Martin, Elliot & Shaheen, Susan Alison & Lidicker, Jeffrey, 2010. "Carsharing’S Impact On Household Vehicle Holdings: Results From A North American Shared-Use Vehicle Survey," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt0850h6r5, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    12. Wynne W. Chin & Barbara L. Marcolin & Peter R. Newsted, 2003. "A Partial Least Squares Latent Variable Modeling Approach for Measuring Interaction Effects: Results from a Monte Carlo Simulation Study and an Electronic-Mail Emotion/Adoption Study," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 14(2), pages 189-217, June.
    13. Shaheen, Susan, 2004. "U.S. Carsharing & Station Car Policy Considerations: Monitoring Growth, Trends & Overall Impacts," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt5np26388, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    14. Yun Wang & Xuedong Yan & Yu Zhou & Qingwan Xue & Li Sun, 2017. "Individuals’ Acceptance to Free-Floating Electric Carsharing Mode: A Web-Based Survey in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-24, May.
    15. Shanyong Wang & Jin Fan & Dingtao Zhao & Shu Yang & Yuanguang Fu, 2016. "Predicting consumers’ intention to adopt hybrid electric vehicles: using an extended version of the theory of planned behavior model," Transportation, Springer, vol. 43(1), pages 123-143, January.
    16. Shaheen, Susan A & Schwartz, Andrew & Wipyewski, Kamill, 2004. "Policy Considerations for Carsharing and Station Cars: Monitoring Growth, Trends, and Overall Impacts," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt0qp464f0, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    17. Shanyong Wang & Jin Fan & Dingtao Zhao & Shu Yang & Yuanguang Fu, 2016. "Predicting consumers’ intention to adopt hybrid electric vehicles: using an extended version of the theory of planned behavior model," Transportation, Springer, vol. 43(1), pages 123-143, January.
    18. Ajzen, Icek, 1991. "The theory of planned behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 179-211, December.
    19. Susan Shaheen & Nelson Chan & Helen Micheaux, 2015. "One-way carsharing’s evolution and operator perspectives from the Americas," Transportation, Springer, vol. 42(3), pages 519-536, May.
    20. Venkatesh, Viswanath & Morris, Michael G. & Ackerman, Phillip L., 2000. "A Longitudinal Field Investigation of Gender Differences in Individual Technology Adoption Decision-Making Processes," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 83(1), pages 33-60, September.
    21. Michael Duncan, 2011. "The cost saving potential of carsharing in a US context," Transportation, Springer, vol. 38(2), pages 363-382, March.
    22. Martin, Elliot & Shaheen, Susan A & Lidicker, Jeffrey, 2010. "Carsharing's Impact on Household Vehicle Holdings: Resultsvfrom a North American Shared-Use Vehicle Survey," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt3bn9n6pq, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    23. Wang, Mingquan & Martin, Elliot W & Shaheen, Susan A, 2012. "Carsharing in Shanghai, China: Analysis of Behavioural Response to Local Survey and Potential Competition," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt4106z3tc, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    24. Martin, Elliot & Shaheen, Susan, 2011. "The Impact of Carsharing on Public Transit and Non-Motorized Travel: An Exploration of North American Carsharing Survey Data," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt6xt6d5jv, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    25. Guibo Sun & Ransford A. Acheampong & Hui Lin & Vivian C. Pun, 2015. "Understanding Walking Behavior among University Students Using Theory of Planned Behavior," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-13, October.
    26. Martin, Elliot & Shaheen, Susan Alison & Lidicker, Jeffrey, 2010. "Carsharing’S Impact On Household Vehicle Holdings: Results From A North American Shared-Use Vehicle Survey," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt0850h6r5, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    27. Baltar, Fabiola & Brunet Icart, Ignasi, 2012. "Social research 2.0: virtual snowball sampling method using Facebook," Nülan. Deposited Documents 1875, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales, Centro de Documentación.
    28. Kim, Jinhee & Rasouli, Soora & Timmermans, Harry, 2017. "Satisfaction and uncertainty in car-sharing decisions: An integration of hybrid choice and random regret-based models," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 13-33.
    29. Fred D. Davis & Richard P. Bagozzi & Paul R. Warshaw, 1989. "User Acceptance of Computer Technology: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Models," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 35(8), pages 982-1003, August.
    30. Efthymiou, Dimitrios & Antoniou, Constantinos, 2016. "Modeling the propensity to join carsharing using hybrid choice models and mixed survey data," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 143-149.
    31. Liu, Diyi & Du, Huibin & Southworth, Frank & Ma, Shoufeng, 2017. "The influence of social-psychological factors on the intention to choose low-carbon travel modes in Tianjin, China," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 42-53.
    32. Shaheen, Susan PhD & Chan, Nelson & Micheaux, Helen, 2015. "One-Way Carsharing's Evolution and Operator Perspectives from the Americas," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt83s1z8j4, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    33. Kroesen, Maarten, 2014. "Modeling the behavioral determinants of travel behavior: An application of latent transition analysis," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 56-67.
    34. Shaheen, Susan A & Cohen, Adam P, 2007. "Growth in Worldwide Carsharing: An International Comparison," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt2zv240pp, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    35. Becker, Henrik & Ciari, Francesco & Axhausen, Kay W., 2017. "Comparing car-sharing schemes in Switzerland: User groups and usage patterns," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 17-29.
    36. Elliot Martin & Susan Shaheen, 2011. "The Impact of Carsharing on Public Transit and Non-Motorized Travel: An Exploration of North American Carsharing Survey Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 4(11), pages 1-21, November.
    37. Efthymiou, Dimitrios & Antoniou, Constantinos & Waddell, Paul, 2013. "Factors affecting the adoption of vehicle sharing systems by young drivers," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 64-73.
    38. Vanduy Tran & Shengchuan Zhao & El Bachir Diop & Weiya Song, 2019. "Travelers’ Acceptance of Electric Carsharing Systems in Developing Countries: The Case of China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-22, September.
    39. Ying Hui & Mengtao Ding & Kun Zheng & Dong Lou, 2017. "Observing Trip Chain Characteristics of Round-Trip Carsharing Users in China: A Case Study Based on GPS Data in Hangzhou City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-15, June.
    40. Ikezoe, Keigo & Kiriyama, Eriko & Fujimura, Shuzo, 2020. "Car-sharing intention analysis in Japan by comparing the utility of car ownership for car-owners and non-car owners," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 1-14.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sk Abu Khalek & Anirban Chakraborty, 2023. "‘Do I share because I care?’: Investigating the factors influencing consumer's adoption of shared consumption," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(8), pages 5669-5685, December.
    2. Teng Yu & Yajun Zhang & Ai Ping Teoh & Anchao Wang & Chengliang Wang, 2023. "Factors Influencing University Students’ Behavioral Intention to Use Electric Car-Sharing Services in Guangzhou, China," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(4), pages 21582440231, November.
    3. Wei Kang & Qun Wang & Long Cheng & Meng Ning, 2024. "Examining Commuters’ Intention to Use App-Based Carpooling: Insights from the Technology Acceptance Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-17, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhang, Yu & Li, Leiming, 2022. "Research on travelers’ transportation mode choice between carsharing and private cars based on the logit dynamic evolutionary game model," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 29(C).
    2. Zu, Jinyan & Kong, Hui & Xu, Yang & Zhang, Xiaohu, 2024. "Carsharing in China: Impact of system and urban factors on usage and efficiency," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    3. Yoon-Young Chun & Mitsutaka Matsumoto & Kiyotaka Tahara & Kenichiro Chinen & Hideki Endo, 2019. "Exploring Factors Affecting Car Sharing Use Intention in the Southeast-Asia Region: A Case Study in Java, Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-26, September.
    4. Rotaris, Lucia & Danielis, Romeo & Maltese, Ila, 2019. "Carsharing use by college students: The case of Milan and Rome," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 239-251.
    5. Golalikhani, Masoud & Oliveira, Beatriz Brito & Carravilla, Maria Antónia & Oliveira, José Fernando & Antunes, António Pais, 2021. "Carsharing: A review of academic literature and business practices toward an integrated decision-support framework," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    6. Weibo Li & Maria Kamargianni, 2020. "Steering short-term demand for car-sharing: a mode choice and policy impact analysis by trip distance," Transportation, Springer, vol. 47(5), pages 2233-2265, October.
    7. Xiaowei Chen & Hongyu Zheng & Ze Wang & Xiqun Chen, 2021. "Exploring impacts of on-demand ridesplitting on mobility via real-world ridesourcing data and questionnaires," Transportation, Springer, vol. 48(4), pages 1541-1561, August.
    8. Shaheen, Susan A PhD & Cohen, Adam P, 2012. "Carsharing and Personal Vehicle Services: Worldwide Market Developments and Emerging Trends," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt7fh4w0q5, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    9. Teng Yu & Yajun Zhang & Ai Ping Teoh & Anchao Wang & Chengliang Wang, 2023. "Factors Influencing University Students’ Behavioral Intention to Use Electric Car-Sharing Services in Guangzhou, China," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(4), pages 21582440231, November.
    10. Zhou, Fan & Zheng, Zuduo & Whitehead, Jake & Perrons, Robert K. & Washington, Simon & Page, Lionel, 2020. "Examining the impact of car-sharing on private vehicle ownership," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 322-341.
    11. Irfan Ullah & Kai Liu & Tran Vanduy, 2019. "Examining Travelers’ Acceptance towards Car Sharing Systems—Peshawar City, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-16, February.
    12. Vanduy Tran & Shengchuan Zhao & El Bachir Diop & Weiya Song, 2019. "Travelers’ Acceptance of Electric Carsharing Systems in Developing Countries: The Case of China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-22, September.
    13. Pierpaolo D’Urso & Alessio Guandalini & Francesca Romana Mallamaci & Vincenzina Vitale & Laura Bocci, 2021. "To Share or not to Share? Determinants of Sharing Mobility in Italy," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 154(2), pages 647-692, April.
    14. Merfeld, Katrin & Wilhelms, Mark-Philipp & Henkel, Sven & Kreutzer, Karin, 2019. "Carsharing with shared autonomous vehicles: Uncovering drivers, barriers and future developments – A four-stage Delphi study," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 66-81.
    15. Hu, Jia-Wei & Javaid, Aneeque & Creutzig, Felix, 2021. "Leverage points for accelerating adoption of shared electric cars: Perceived benefits and environmental impact of NEVs," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    16. Firnkorn, Jörg, 2012. "Triangulation of two methods measuring the impacts of a free-floating carsharing system in Germany," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 46(10), pages 1654-1672.
    17. Jin, Fanglei & An, Kun & Yao, Enjian, 2020. "Mode choice analysis in urban transport with shared battery electric vehicles: A stated-preference case study in Beijing, China," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 95-108.
    18. Qian Duan & Xin Ye & Jian Li & Ke Wang, 2020. "Empirical Modeling Analysis of Potential Commute Demand for Carsharing in Shanghai, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-18, January.
    19. Diana, Marco & Chicco, Andrea, 2022. "The spatial reconfiguration of parking demand due to car sharing diffusion: a simulated scenario for the cities of Milan and Turin (Italy)," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    20. Zhou, Fan & Zheng, Zuduo & Whitehead, Jake & Washington, Simon & Perrons, Robert K. & Page, Lionel, 2020. "Preference heterogeneity in mode choice for car-sharing and shared automated vehicles," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 633-650.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:kap:transp:v:50:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1007_s11116-021-10240-1. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.