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Determinants of Immigration in Europe. The Relevance of Life Expectancy and Environmental Sustainability

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  • Alfredo Juan Grau Grau

    (Department of Corporate Finance, Faculty of Economics, University of Valencia, Avda. de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain)

  • Federico Ramírez López

    (Department of Corporate Finance, Faculty of Economics, University of Valencia, Avda. de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain)

Abstract

This research analyzes the main variables that determine immigration in Europe and includes aspects related to the economy, population, healthcare, and environmental sustainability. The empirical analysis consists of two sets of data: one made up of all EU member states (EU-28) and the other containing countries that form a part of the Eurozone (EU-19), using the Generalized Method of Moments. The sample covers the period between 2000 and 2014, and the data are analyzed separately and comparatively in the most relevant stages during that time (economic prosperity, crisis, and recovery). The most notable results indicate that the variables related to GDP and public debt largely serve to justify the level of immigration since the crisis (2008–2014), while the life expectancy and levels of pollution are determining factors in all three stages examined here. The study concludes that countries in the Eurozone are more sensitive to variation in the variables studied compared to all the EU member states and thus the impact of immigration among the EU-19 countries is more notable.

Suggested Citation

  • Alfredo Juan Grau Grau & Federico Ramírez López, 2017. "Determinants of Immigration in Europe. The Relevance of Life Expectancy and Environmental Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-17, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:9:y:2017:i:7:p:1093-:d:102392
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Serdar Öztürk & Buket Altınöz, 2022. "An Investigation of the Impact of Health Expenditures on International Migration as a Pull Factor in OECD Countries Using a Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) Approach," Journal of Economic Policy Researches, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 39-52, January.
    2. Simon Winter, 2020. "“It’s the Economy, Stupid!”: On the Relative Impact of Political and Economic Determinants on Migration," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 39(2), pages 207-252, April.
    3. Woźniak Katarzyna, 2020. "Migration Policy in the Area of Border Control and Migration of the Population in OECD Countries –Theoretical and Practical Aspects," Studia Historiae Oeconomicae, Sciendo, vol. 38(1), pages 219-244, December.
    4. Franc Sanja & Časni Anita Čeh & Barišić Antea, 2019. "Determinants of Migration Following the EU Enlargement: A Panel Data Analysis," South East European Journal of Economics and Business, Sciendo, vol. 14(2), pages 13-22, December.
    5. Silvia Megyesiova & Vanda Lieskovska, 2018. "Analysis of the Sustainable Development Indicators in the OECD Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-22, December.

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