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Causes and Consequences of the Conflict among Agricultural Water Beneficiaries in Iran

Author

Listed:
  • Masoud Bijani

    (Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), 1497713111 Tehran, Iran)

  • Dariush Hayati

    (Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, 7144165186 Shiraz, Iran)

  • Hossein Azadi

    (Department of Geography, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
    Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic)

  • Vjekoslav Tanaskovik

    (Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food of Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia)

  • Frank Witlox

    (Department of Geography, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
    Department of Geography, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
    College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China)

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the causes and consequences of agricultural water conflicts among agricultural water beneficiaries in the irrigation network of Doroodzan dam, Iran. This research applied mixed-method and descriptive analysis, which was done in two qualitative and quantitative phases. The results showed that the causes of water conflicts can be divided into two groups of controllable and uncontrollable factors. The findings revealed that the main causes of agricultural water conflict in the studied area were ‘water scarcity’, ‘drought’, ‘physical structure of the Doroodzan dam irrigation network’, and ‘mismatched size of the irrigation network with Doroodzan dam’s water capacity’ as uncontrollable factors. Furthermore, ‘weakness of governmental water management’, ‘lake for local management of water resources by farmers’, ‘government’s reluctance about farmers’ participation’, and ‘farmers’ reluctance to participate in water management’ were identified as controllable factors. In this study, most of the conditions identified as consequences of water conflicts had ‘socio-economic’ and ‘agro-environmental’ aspects. Finally, based on the findings, a model was designed to determine the causes and consequences of agricultural water conflict. To break the causes and consequences cycle of water conflicts in Iran’s agriculture, the most important solution is shifting from governmentality to governance in water resources management.

Suggested Citation

  • Masoud Bijani & Dariush Hayati & Hossein Azadi & Vjekoslav Tanaskovik & Frank Witlox, 2020. "Causes and Consequences of the Conflict among Agricultural Water Beneficiaries in Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-22, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:16:p:6630-:d:399835
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hayati, Dariush & Karami, Ezatollah, 2005. "Typology of causes of poverty: The perception of Iranian farmers," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 26(6), pages 884-901, December.
    2. Azizi Khalkheili, Taher & Zamani, Gholam Hosein, 2009. "Farmer participation in irrigation management: The case of Doroodzan Dam Irrigation Network, Iran," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(5), pages 859-865, May.
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    5. Marshall Burke & Solomon M. Hsiang & Edward Miguel, 2015. "Climate and Conflict," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 7(1), pages 577-617, August.
    6. Hsiang, Solomon M & Meng, Kyle C, 2014. "Reconciling disagreement over climate–conflict results in Africa," University of California at Santa Barbara, Recent Works in Economics qt8g60j076, Department of Economics, UC Santa Barbara.
    7. Guiliang Tian & Xiaosheng Han & Chen Zhang & Jiaojiao Li & Jining Liu, 2020. "Virtual Water Flows Embodied in International and Interprovincial Trade of Yellow River Basin: A Multiregional Input-Output Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-21, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gbandi, Tchapo, 2022. "This water is all ours: Water demand and civil conflicts," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(2), pages 120-130.
    2. Navvab Haji Hassani Asl & Farhad Farah Vash & Mohsen Roshdi & Bahram Mir Shekari & Mehdi Gaffari, 2024. "The effect of exogenous application of salicylic acid and ascorbic acid on forage quality and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) under water deficit conditions," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 70(3), pages 142-153.
    3. Eun Joo Park, 2020. "Strategy of Water Distribution for Sustainable Community: Who Owns Water in Divided Cyprus?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-21, October.
    4. Nouri, Milad & Homaee, Mehdi & Pereira, Luis S. & Bybordi, Mohammad, 2023. "Water management dilemma in the agricultural sector of Iran: A review focusing on water governance," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).

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