IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2019i20p3839-d275255.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Health Care Financing Systems and Their Effectiveness: An Empirical Study of OECD Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Viera Ivanková

    (Department of Economics and Economy, Faculty of Management, University of Prešov in Prešov, Konštantínova 16, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia)

  • Rastislav Kotulič

    (Department of Economics and Economy, Faculty of Management, University of Prešov in Prešov, Konštantínova 16, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia)

  • Jaroslav Gonos

    (Department of Economics and Economy, Faculty of Management, University of Prešov in Prešov, Konštantínova 16, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia)

  • Martin Rigelský

    (Department of Marketing and International Trade, Faculty of Management, University of Prešov in Prešov, Konštantínova 16, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia)

Abstract

Background : The primary aim of the research in the present study was to determine the effectiveness of health care in classifying health care financing systems from a sample of OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries (2012–2017). This objective was achieved through several stages of analysis, which aimed to assess the relations between and relation diversity in selected variables, determining the effectiveness of health care and the health expenditure of health care financing systems. The greatest emphasis was placed on the differences between health care financing systems that were due to the impact of health expenditure on selected health outputs, such as life expectancy at birth, perceived health status, the health care index, deaths from acute myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus. Methods : Methods such as descriptive analysis, effect analysis ( η 2 ), binomial logistic regression analysis, linear regression analysis, continuity analysis ( ρ ) and correspondence analysis, were used to meet the above objectives. Results : Based on several stages of statistical processing, it was found that there are deviations in several of the relations between different health care funding systems in terms of their predisposition to certain areas of health outcomes. Thus, where one system proves ineffective (or its effectiveness is questionable), another system (or systems) appears to be effective. From a correspondence analysis that compared the funding system and other outputs (converted to quartiles), it was found that a national health system, covering the country as a whole, and multiple insurance funds or companies would be more effective systems. Conclusions : Based on the findings, it was concluded that, in analyzing issues related to health care and its effectiveness, it is appropriate to take into account the funding system (at least to verify the significance of how research premises affect the systems); otherwise, the results may be distorted.

Suggested Citation

  • Viera Ivanková & Rastislav Kotulič & Jaroslav Gonos & Martin Rigelský, 2019. "Health Care Financing Systems and Their Effectiveness: An Empirical Study of OECD Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-22, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:20:p:3839-:d:275255
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/20/3839/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/20/3839/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Obrizan, Maksym & Wehby, George L., 2018. "Health Expenditures and Global Inequalities in Longevity," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 28-36.
    2. Braendle, Thomas & Colombier, Carsten, 2016. "What drives public health care expenditure growth? Evidence from Swiss cantons, 1970–2012," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 120(9), pages 1051-1060.
    3. Howdon, Daniel & Rice, Nigel, 2018. "Health care expenditures, age, proximity to death and morbidity: Implications for an ageing population," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 60-74.
    4. Berta Rivera, 2001. "The effects of public health spending on self-assessed health status: an ordered probit model," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(10), pages 1313-1319.
    5. van Baal, Pieter H. & Wong, Albert, 2012. "Time to death and the forecasting of macro-level health care expenditures: Some further considerations," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(6), pages 876-887.
    6. Farasat A. S. Bokhari & Yunwei Gai & Pablo Gottret, 2007. "Government health expenditures and health outcomes," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 257-273, March.
    7. Rosa Urbanos-Garrido & Beatriz Lopez-Valcarcel, 2015. "The influence of the economic crisis on the association between unemployment and health: an empirical analysis for Spain," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 16(2), pages 175-184, March.
    8. Santosh Kumar & Emily A. Dansereau & Christopher J. L. Murray, 2014. "Does distance matter for institutional delivery in rural India?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(33), pages 4091-4103, November.
    9. Au, Nicole & Johnston, David W., 2014. "Self-assessed health: What does it mean and what does it hide?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 21-28.
    10. Bijwaard, Govert E. & Myrskylä, Mikko & Tynelius, Per & Rasmussen, Finn, 2017. "Educational gains in cause-specific mortality: Accounting for cognitive ability and family-level confounders using propensity score weighting," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 49-56.
    11. Gallardo-Albarrán, Daniel, 2018. "Health and economic development since 1900," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 228-237.
    12. Emre Atilgan & Dilek Kilic & Hasan Murat Ertugrul, 2017. "The dynamic relationship between health expenditure and economic growth: is the health-led growth hypothesis valid for Turkey?," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 18(5), pages 567-574, June.
    13. Katharina Schley, 2018. "Health care service provision in Europe and regional diversity: a stochastic metafrontier approach," Health Economics Review, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-11, December.
    14. Beáta Gavurová & Antonio José Balloni & Miriama Tarhaničová & Viliam Kováč, 2018. "Information and Communication Technology in the Role of Information System of Healthcare Facility in the Slovak Republic," Economies, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-15, August.
    15. Saten Kumar, 2013. "Systems GMM estimates of the health care spending and GDP relationship: a note," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 14(3), pages 503-506, June.
    16. François-Olivier Baudot & Anne-Sophie Aguadé & Thomas Barnay & Christelle Gastaldi-Ménager & Anne Fagot-Campagna, 2019. "Impact of type 2 diabetes on health expenditure: estimation based on individual administrative data," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 20(5), pages 657-668, July.
    17. Huebener, Mathias, 2019. "Life expectancy and parental education," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 351-365.
    18. Liping Ye & Xinping Zhang, 2018. "Nonlinear Granger Causality between Health Care Expenditure and Economic Growth in the OECD and Major Developing Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-16, September.
    19. Lisa Cameron & Diana Contreras Suarez & Katy Cornwell, 2019. "Understanding the determinants of maternal mortality: An observational study using the Indonesian Population Census," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(6), pages 1-18, June.
    20. Bernard Charbonnel & Dominique Simon & Jean Dallongeville & Isabelle Bureau & Sylvie Dejager & Laurie Levy-Bachelot & Julie Gourmelen & Bruno Detournay, 2018. "Direct Medical Costs of Type 2 Diabetes in France: An Insurance Claims Database Analysis," PharmacoEconomics - Open, Springer, vol. 2(2), pages 209-219, June.
    21. Rajesh Sharma, 2018. "Health and economic growth: Evidence from dynamic panel data of 143 years," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(10), pages 1-20, October.
    22. Kok Fong See & Siew Hwa Yen, 2018. "Does happiness matter to health system efficiency? A performance analysis," Health Economics Review, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-10, December.
    23. Moscone, Francesco & Skinner, Jonathan & Tosetti, Elisa & Yasaitis, Laura, 2019. "The association between medical care utilization and health outcomes: A spatial analysis," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 306-314.
    24. Pedro Antonio Martín Cervantes & Nuria Rueda López & Salvador Cruz Rambaud, 2019. "A Causal Analysis of Life Expectancy at Birth. Evidence from Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-14, July.
    25. Fuhmei Wang, 2018. "The roles of preventive and curative health care in economic development," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(11), pages 1-12, November.
    26. Karlsberg Schaffer, Sarah & Sussex, Jon & Devlin, Nancy & Walker, Andrew, 2015. "Local health care expenditure plans and their opportunity costs," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 119(9), pages 1237-1244.
    27. Mathias Huebener, 2019. "Life Expectancy and Parental Education in Germany," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 1023, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
    28. Crossley, Thomas F. & Kennedy, Steven, 2002. "The reliability of self-assessed health status," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 21(4), pages 643-658, July.
    29. Pedro Pita Barros, 1998. "The black box of health care expenditure growth determinants," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 7(6), pages 533-544, September.
    30. Richard Heijink & Xander Koolman & Gert Westert, 2013. "Spending more money, saving more lives? The relationship between avoidable mortality and healthcare spending in 14 countries," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 14(3), pages 527-538, June.
    31. Vandersteegen, Tom & Marneffe, Wim & Cleemput, Irina & Vereeck, Lode, 2015. "The impact of no-fault compensation on health care expenditures: An empirical study of OECD countries," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 119(3), pages 367-374.
    32. Hamad, Rita & Elser, Holly & Tran, Duy C. & Rehkopf, David H. & Goodman, Steven N., 2018. "How and why studies disagree about the effects of education on health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of compulsory schooling laws," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 168-178.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Emmanuelle Piérard, 2016. "The effect of health care expenditures on self-rated health status and the Health Utility Index: Evidence from Canada," International Journal of Health Economics and Management, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 1-21, March.
    2. Beata Gavurova & Samer Khouri & Viliam Kovac & Michaela Ferkova, 2020. "Exploration of Influence of Socioeconomic Determinants on Mortality in the European Union," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-21, June.
    3. Friedrich Breyer & Normann Lorenz, 2021. "The “red herring” after 20 years: ageing and health care expenditures," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 22(5), pages 661-667, July.
    4. N.M. Odhiambo, 2021. "Health Expenditure and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Empirical Investigation," Working Papers AESRI-2021-05, African Economic and Social Research Institute (AESRI), revised Jan 2021.
    5. Micheal Kofi Boachie & K. Ramu & Tatjana Põlajeva, 2018. "Public Health Expenditures and Health Outcomes: New Evidence from Ghana," Economies, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-25, October.
    6. Mihai PĂUNICĂ & Alexandru MANOLE & Cătălina MOTOFEI & Gabriela - Lidia TĂNASE, 2020. "Life Expectancy from the Perspective of Global and Individual Wealth and Expenditures: A Granger Causality Study of Some Eu Countries," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(4), pages 170-184, December.
    7. Cristina Borra & Jerònia Pons-Pons & Margarita Vilar-Rodríguez, 2020. "Austerity, healthcare provision, and health outcomes in Spain," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 21(3), pages 409-423, April.
    8. Mduduzi Biyase & Tajul Ariffin Masron & Talent Zwane & Thomas Bilaliib Udimal & Frederich Kirsten, 2023. "Ecological Footprint and Population Health Outcomes: Evidence from E7 Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-18, May.
    9. Hilaire Gbodja Houeninvo, 2022. "Effects of health expenditures on infant and child mortality rates: A dynamic panel data analysis of 37 African countries," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 34(2), pages 255-267, June.
    10. Byaro, Mwoya & Kinyondo, Abel & Michello, Charles & Musonda, Patrick, 2018. "Determinants of Public Health Expenditure Growth in Tanzania: An Application of Bayesian Model," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 6(1), January.
    11. Ousmane Traoré, 2020. "Economic Growth and Human Capital Accumulation across Countries: Evidence from WAEMU Region," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 26(2), pages 147-159, May.
    12. Mauro Laudicella & Paolo Li Donni & Kim Rose Olsen & Dorte Gyrd‐Hansen, 2022. "Age, morbidity, or something else? A residual approach using microdata to measure the impact of technological progress on health care expenditure," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(6), pages 1184-1201, June.
    13. Moore, Patrick V. & Bennett, Kathleen & Normand, Charles, 2017. "Counting the time lived, the time left or illness? Age, proximity to death, morbidity and prescribing expenditures," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1-14.
    14. Oduyemi, Gabriel Olusegun & Owoeye, Taiwo & Adekoya, Oluwasegun Babatunde, 2021. "Health outcomes and the resource curse paradox: The experience of African oil-rich countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    15. Jochim, Janina & Cluver, Lucie D. & Meinck, Franziska, 2021. "Learner pregnancy in South Africa’s Eastern Cape: The Factors affecting adolescent girls' school withdrawal during pregnancy," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    16. Chakrabarty, Himadri Shekhar & Roy, Rudra Prosad, 2021. "Pandemic uncertainties and fiscal procyclicality: A dynamic non-linear approach," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 664-671.
    17. Pedro Antonio Martín Cervantes & Nuria Rueda López & Salvador Cruz Rambaud, 2020. "The Relative Importance of Globalization and Public Expenditure on Life Expectancy in Europe: An Approach Based on MARS Methodology," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-20, November.
    18. Karlsson, Martin & Klohn, Florian & Rickayzen, Ben, 2018. "The role of heterogeneous parameters for the detection of selection in insurance contracts," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 110-121.
    19. Boachie, Micheal Kofi & Ramu, K., 2015. "Public Health Expenditure and Health Status in Ghana," MPRA Paper 66371, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Sanmarchi Francesco & Esposito Francesco & Golinelli Davide & Bucci Andrea & Toscano Fabrizio, 2021. "Association between Economic Growth, Mortality, and Healthcare Spending in 31 High-Income Countries," Forum for Health Economics & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 24(2), pages 101-118, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:20:p:3839-:d:275255. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.