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Flessibilit?, costo del lavoro e segmentazione dell?occupazione: il caso dei mini job e dei contratti a zero ore

Author

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  • Luciano Forlani

Abstract

I rapporti di lavoro sono uno degli oggetti privilegiati delle riforme portate avanti dai Paesi UE tra ricerca di nuovi equilibri di flessicurezza per l?intera platea dei lavoratori e promozione di occupazione al margine. Esempi di questa seconda fattispecie sono i contratti a zero ore e i mini job, due tipologie contrattuali presenti nelle cassette degli attrezzi del Regno Unito e della Germania federale. Il dispositivo tedesco appare pi? strutturato soprattutto dopo l?entrata in vigore del salario minimo legale nel 2015 e persegue pi? obiettivi: creare occupazione aggiuntiva a basso salario per i lavoratori marginali riducendo il cuneo fiscale e contributivo; ridurre il lavoro sommerso originato dalla committenza famiglie; consentire ai lavoratori e ai ritirati dal lavoro di integrare i loro bassi redditi; promuovere la partecipazione dei second earner (principalmente donne) prevedendo vantaggi fiscali e riducendo i disincentivi; offrire opportunit? di reddito agli studenti; promuovere il reimpiego dei disoccupati. Questi obiettivi sono stati perseguiti con efficacia anche se gran parte del merito ? da attribuire allo stato di salute del sistema produttivo tedesco. Il contratto a zero ore ha ambizioni pi? limitate. Risponde alla domanda di flessibilit? del mercato del lavoro, in linea con la tradizione britannica. Regno Unito e Germania federale hanno scelto di governare la segmentazione non di eliminarla. Il problema per questi Paesi e per gli altri dell?UE ? come regolare i rapporti di lavoro avendo in mente uno zoccolo minimo di diritti e di protezione sociale per tutti i lavoratori (dipendenti, autonomi e nuovi lavoratori "a cottimo") senza perdere dinamismo economico.

Suggested Citation

  • Luciano Forlani, 2017. "Flessibilit?, costo del lavoro e segmentazione dell?occupazione: il caso dei mini job e dei contratti a zero ore," ECONOMIA E SOCIET? REGIONALE, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2017(3), pages 8-26.
    • Handle: RePEc:fan:eseses:v:html10.3280/es2017-003002
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David H. Autor & David Dorn, 2013. "The Growth of Low-Skill Service Jobs and the Polarization of the US Labor Market," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 103(5), pages 1553-1597, August.
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    3. David H. Autor & Frank Levy & Richard J. Murnane, 2003. "The skill content of recent technological change: an empirical exploration," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, issue nov.
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • J38 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Public Policy
    • J41 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Labor Contracts
    • J48 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Particular Labor Markets; Public Policy

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