IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/riibaf/v82y2026ics0275531925005185.html

Flexible fintech regulation and corporate digital innovation: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment

Author

Listed:
  • Wu, Haomin
  • Yang, Yuting
  • Wang, Jiani

Abstract

The rapid proliferation of fintech has disrupted the traditional balance between financial efficiency and stability, prompting regulators worldwide to adopt more adaptive oversight approaches. Adopting a flexible-regulation perspective, this study exploits the Pilot Project of Regulation on Fintech Innovation (PPRFI) as a quasi-natural experiment to examine how flexible fintech regulation affects corporate digital innovation. Based on a sample of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2018 to 2023, we find that PPRFI significantly increases both the quantity and quality of corporate digital innovation. Mechanism analysis further reveals that PPRFI primarily improves corporate digital innovation by facilitating corporate financing and enhancing information transparency. Cross-sectional analysis indicates that the positive effects of this flexible regulation are more pronounced in firms subject to severe financing constraints and high agency costs, and in those operating in high-technology, highly competitive industries. Moreover, we find that the impact of PPRFI is more prominent in regions with a better fintech environment and more advanced digital finance. Overall, our study sheds light on the positive role of flexible fintech regulation in promoting digital innovation.

Suggested Citation

  • Wu, Haomin & Yang, Yuting & Wang, Jiani, 2026. "Flexible fintech regulation and corporate digital innovation: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:riibaf:v:82:y:2026:i:c:s0275531925005185
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103262
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0275531925005185
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103262?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zahid, Haider & Ali, Amjad & Audi, Marc, 2025. "Cryptocurrency Regulation and Financial Disclosure: Cross-Jurisdictional Evidence on Corporate Reporting Practices," MPRA Paper 127482, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Julian Atanassov, 2013. "Do Hostile Takeovers Stifle Innovation? Evidence from Antitakeover Legislation and Corporate Patenting," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 68(3), pages 1097-1131, June.
    3. Suri, Tavneet & Bharadwaj, Prashant & Jack, William, 2021. "Fintech and household resilience to shocks: Evidence from digital loans in Kenya," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    4. Ding, Na & Gu, Leilei & Peng, Yuchao, 2022. "Fintech, financial constraints and innovation: Evidence from China," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    5. Alsalmi, Noora & Ullah, Subhan & Rafique, Muhammad, 2023. "Accounting for digital currencies," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    6. Yuqiang Cao & Zhiwu Chen & Meiting Lu & Zihui Xu & Yizhou Zhang, 2023. "Does FinTech Constrain Corporate Misbehavior? Evidence from Research and Development Manipulation," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 59(10), pages 3129-3151, August.
    7. Philippon, Thomas, 2016. "The FinTech Opportunity," CEPR Discussion Papers 11409, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
    8. Itay Goldstein & Wei Jiang & G Andrew Karolyi, 2019. "To FinTech and Beyond," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(5), pages 1647-1661.
    9. Huang, Qiongyu & Fang, Jiali & Xue, Xiaolong & Gao, Hongming, 2023. "Does digital innovation cause better ESG performance? an empirical test of a-listed firms in China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    10. Sant'Anna, Dário A.L.M. & Figueiredo, Paulo N., 2024. "Fintech innovation: Is it beneficial or detrimental to financial inclusion and financial stability? A systematic literature review and research directions," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    11. Vives, Xavier & Ye, Zhiqiang, 2025. "Information technology and lender competition," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    12. Xiao, Zumian & Niu, Yiran & Xiang, Lijin & Cui, Yingshuo, 2024. "Central bank digital currency and corporate debt financing costs: Empirical evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 69(PB).
    13. Tan, Zhuohong & Wang, Handi & Hong, Yunzhe, 2023. "Does bank FinTech improve corporate innovation?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 55(PA).
    14. Cheng, Feiyang & Chiao, Chaoshin & Fang, Zhenming & Wang, Chunfeng & Yao, Shouyu, 2020. "Raising short-term debt for long-term investment and stock price crash risk: Evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 33(C).
    15. Paul P. Momtaz, 2021. "The Pricing and Performance of Cryptocurrency," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(4-5), pages 367-380, March.
    16. Li, Xiang, 2022. "How does economic policy uncertainty affect corporate debt maturity?," IWH Discussion Papers 5/2022, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH).
    17. World Bank, 2020. "Global Experiences from Regulatory Sandboxes," World Bank Publications - Reports 34789, The World Bank Group.
    18. Xiaolin Yu & Jin Seo Cho, 2026. "Fintech Pilot Programs and Digital Innovation: Evidence from Quasi-Natural Experiments in China," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(1), pages 135-163, January.
    19. Peter Gomber & Jascha-Alexander Koch & Michael Siering, 2017. "Digital Finance and FinTech: current research and future research directions," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 87(5), pages 537-580, July.
    20. Andreas Fuster & Matthew Plosser & Philipp Schnabl & James Vickery, 2019. "The Role of Technology in Mortgage Lending," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(5), pages 1854-1899.
    21. Leonardo Gambacorta & Yiping Huang & Zhenhua Li & Han Qiu & Shu Chen, 2023. "Data versus Collateral," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 27(2), pages 369-398.
    22. De Chiara, Alessandro & Livio, Luca & Ponce, Jorge, 2018. "Flexible and mandatory banking supervision," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 86-104.
    23. Zhonggang Yue & Kai Wang & Maokun Ye, 2024. "The impact of fintech on corporate innovation: mediating role of entrepreneurship," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 231-252, March.
    24. Tianlei Pi & Haoxuan Hu & Jingyi Lu & Xue Chen, 2022. "The Analysis of Fintech Risks in China: Based on Fuzzy Models," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-13, April.
    25. Zhang, Baizhen & Guo, Meiting, 2025. "Strong financial regulation and the intelligent transformation of enterprises," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 186-207.
    26. Sabrina T. Howell, 2017. "Financing Innovation: Evidence from R&D Grants," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 107(4), pages 1136-1164, April.
    27. Beckstedde, Ellen & Correa Ramírez, Mauricio & Cossent, Rafael & Vanschoenwinkel, Janka & Meeus, Leonardo, 2023. "Regulatory sandboxes: Do they speed up innovation in energy?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    28. Wang, Jiaxin & Zhao, Mu & Huang, Xiang & Sun, Di & Song, Zilong, 2023. "Guidance or misguidance: Fintech policy and corporate innovation," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PD).
    29. Liu, Qi & Wu, Jiejie, 2023. "Strong financial regulation and corporate risk-taking: Evidence from a natural experiment in China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    30. Yi Jin & Bo Liu, 2025. "Industry Concentration and Digital Process Innovation: Evidence from Chinese Rail Transit Firms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-15, May.
    31. Florian Ederer & Gustavo Manso, 2013. "Is Pay for Performance Detrimental to Innovation?," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 59(7), pages 1496-1513, July.
    32. Xu, Yi & Qi, Jiajun & Chen, Jilong & Feng, Lingbing, 2025. "Kick down the ladder? The impact of cryptocurrency bans on company legal risks and employee structure," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    33. Alaassar, Ahmad & Mention, Anne-Laure & Aas, Tor Helge, 2020. "Exploring how social interactions influence regulators and innovators: The case of regulatory sandboxes," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    34. Philippe Aghion & Nick Bloom & Richard Blundell & Rachel Griffith & Peter Howitt, 2005. "Competition and Innovation: an Inverted-U Relationship," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 120(2), pages 701-728.
    35. Song Wang & Zhiyuan Lin, 2024. "Pay structure and firm technological innovation: comparative research based on three pay gaps," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-21, December.
    36. Rui Wang & Jiangtao Liu & Hang(Robin) Luo, 2021. "Fintech development and bank risk taking in China," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(4-5), pages 397-418, March.
    37. Lee, In & Shin, Yong Jae, 2018. "Fintech: Ecosystem, business models, investment decisions, and challenges," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 61(1), pages 35-46.
    38. Shao, Xuefeng & Xi, Kang & Chen, Zijing, 2025. "Science and Technology Financial Policies and Enterprise Digital Technology Innovation," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    39. Fang Ji & Junlin Wu & Yiran Li, 2025. "Configurational Pathways for Fintech-Empowered Sustainable Innovation in SRDIEs Under Financing Constraints," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-25, March.
    40. Anarfo, Ebenezer Bugri & Abor, Joshua Yindenaba & osei, Kofi Achampong, 2020. "Financial regulation and financial inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does financial stability play a moderating role?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    41. Panos Constantinides & Ola Henfridsson & Geoffrey G. Parker, 2018. "Introduction—Platforms and Infrastructures in the Digital Age," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 29(2), pages 381-400, June.
    42. He, Chengying & Geng, Xiaoxu & Tan, Chunzhi & Guo, Ruijin, 2023. "Fintech and corporate debt default risk: Influencing mechanisms and heterogeneity," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    43. Yu, Shengjing & Zheng, Xiaolan & Liu, Martin J., 2025. "Board digital expertise and digital innovation: Evidence from commercial banks in China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    44. Fang, Xubing & Liu, Maotao, 2024. "How does the digital transformation drive digital technology innovation of enterprises? Evidence from enterprise's digital patents," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    45. Acharya, Viral & Xu, Zhaoxia, 2017. "Financial dependence and innovation: The case of public versus private firms," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(2), pages 223-243.
    46. Lv, Panpan & Xiong, Hu, 2022. "Can FinTech improve corporate investment efficiency? Evidence from China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    47. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Wang, Chih-Wei & Hsieh, Hsin-Yi & Chen, Wen-Ling, 2023. "The impact of central bank digital currency variation on firm's implied volatility," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    48. Giulio Cornelli & Sebastian Doerr & Leonardo Gambacorta & Ouarda Merrouche, 2024. "Regulatory Sandboxes and Fintech Funding: Evidence from the UK," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 28(1), pages 203-233.
    49. Alex Edmans & Vivian W. Fang & Katharina A. Lewellen, 2017. "Equity Vesting and Investment," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 30(7), pages 2229-2271.
    50. Daud, Siti Nurazira Mohd & Ahmad, Abd Halim & Khalid, Airil & Azman-Saini, W.N.W., 2022. "FinTech and financial stability: Threat or opportunity?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PB).
    51. Qihang Xue & Huimin Wang & Caiquan Bai, 2023. "Local green finance policies and corporate ESG performance," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 23(4), pages 721-749, December.
    52. Zhang, Ping & Wang, Yiru, 2023. "The bright side of analyst coverage on corporate innovation: Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    53. Banerjee, Ryan N. & Gambacorta, Leonardo & Sette, Enrico, 2021. "The real effects of relationship lending✰," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    54. Spencer B. Anderson & Kim I. Mendoza & Cassie Mongold, 2025. "The Effect of Intangible Asset Classification on Professional Financial Statement Users’ Assessments," Journal of Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 63(3), pages 1107-1143, June.
    55. J Begenau & T Landvoigt, 2022. "Financial Regulation in a Quantitative Model of the Modern Banking System," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 89(4), pages 1748-1784.
    56. Ruohan Sun & Bing Zhang, 2023. "Can fintech make corporate investments more efficient? A study on financing constraints and agency conflicts," Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(3), pages 2185795-218, December.
    57. Christian Haddad & Lars Hornuf, 2019. "The emergence of the global fintech market: economic and technological determinants," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 53(1), pages 81-105, June.
    58. Kim, Teakdong & Koo, Bonwoo & Park, Minsoo, 2013. "Role of financial regulation and innovation in the financial crisis," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 9(4), pages 662-672.
    59. Nie, Zi & Ling, Xuan & Chen, Meian, 2023. "The power of technology: FinTech and corporate debt default risk in China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    60. Lai, Shaojie & Yang, Laifeng & Wang, Qing & Anderson, Hamish D., 2023. "Judicial independence and corporate innovation: Evidence from the establishment of circuit courts," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    61. Chen, Xuchang & Zhang, Zhu, 2025. "Fintech development and corporate misconduct," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    62. Corvello, Vincenzo & Belas, Jaroslav & Giglio, Carlo & Iazzolino, Gianpaolo & Troise, Ciro, 2023. "The impact of business owners’ individual characteristics on patenting in the context of digital innovation," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 155(PA).
    63. Zhong, Rong (Irene), 2018. "Transparency and firm innovation," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(1), pages 67-93.
    64. Lili Dai & Rui Shen & Bohui Zhang, 2021. "Does the media spotlight burn or spur innovation?," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 26(1), pages 343-390, March.
    65. Susan L Young & Christopher Welter & Michael Conger, 2018. "Stability vs. flexibility: The effect of regulatory institutions on opportunity type," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 49(4), pages 407-441, May.
    66. Allen, Franklin & Gu, Xian & Li, C. Wei & Qian, Jun “QJ” & Qian, Yiming, 2023. "Implicit guarantees and the rise of shadow banking: The case of trust products," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(2), pages 115-141.
    67. Bollaert, Helen & Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio & Schwienbacher, Armin, 2021. "Fintech and access to finance," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    68. Yukun Liu & Aleh Tsyvinski & Xi Wu, 2022. "Common Risk Factors in Cryptocurrency," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 77(2), pages 1133-1177, April.
    69. Abigail Allen & Melissa F. Lewis‐Western & Kristen Valentine, 2022. "The Innovation and Reporting Consequences of Financial Regulation for Young Life‐Cycle Firms," Journal of Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 60(1), pages 45-95, March.
    70. Ding, Haoyuan & Hu, Yichuan & Kim, Kenneth A. & Xie, Mi, 2023. "Relationship-based debt financing of Chinese private sector firms: The role of social connections to banks versus political connections," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    71. Cao, Yuqiang & Li, Chenglin & Liu, Xinghe & Lu, Meiting & Shan, Yaowen, 2022. "Economic policy uncertainty and debt allocation within business groups," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    72. Chen, Yuling & Che, Zhen & Wan, Dongqi, 2024. "How does the financial technology innovation regulatory pilot influence financial regulation?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 69(PB).
    73. Youngjin Yoo & Ola Henfridsson & Kalle Lyytinen, 2010. "Research Commentary ---The New Organizing Logic of Digital Innovation: An Agenda for Information Systems Research," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 21(4), pages 724-735, December.
    74. Huseyin Gulen & Mihai Ion, 2016. "Editor's Choice Policy Uncertainty and Corporate Investment," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 29(3), pages 523-564.
    75. Mao, Connie X. & Zhang, Chi, 2018. "Managerial Risk-Taking Incentive and Firm Innovation: Evidence from FAS 123R," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 53(2), pages 867-898, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Choudhary, Priya & Thenmozhi, M., 2024. "Fintech and financial sector: ADO analysis and future research agenda," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    2. Liu, Haiming & Hu, Jikong, 2024. "The impact of bank fintech on corporate debt default," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    3. Wang, Xiaodong & Deng, Yunfeng & Mao, Xiaomeng, 2025. "The impact of bank digital transformation on enterprises digital technology innovation in China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    4. Tang, Mengxuan & Hu, Yang & Hou, Yang (Greg) & Oxley, Les & Goodell, John W., 2025. "Fintech development and corporate financial policy: Evidence from corporate financing and investment," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    5. Wang, Xiaoting & Hou, Siyuan & Kyaw, Khine & Xue, Xupeng & Liu, Xueqin, 2023. "Exploring the determinants of Fintech Credit: A comprehensive analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    6. Koranteng, Barbara & You, Kefei, 2024. "Fintech and financial stability: Evidence from spatial analysis for 25 countries," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    7. Zhao, Yuliang & Ma, Furong, 2025. "Will fintech enhance financial regulation?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    8. Chen, Xuchang & Zhang, Zhu, 2025. "Fintech development and corporate misconduct," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    9. Tang, Mengxuan & Hu, Yang & Hou, Yang (Greg) & Oxley, Les & Goodell, John W., 2025. "Fintech development, corporate tax avoidance and firm value," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    10. Tan, Changchun & Mo, Lingyu & Wu, Xiaomeng & Zhou, Peng, 2024. "Fintech development and corporate credit risk: Evidence from an emerging market," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    11. Guo, Junyan & Fang, Hanqing & Liu, Xuexin & Wang, Cizhi & Wang, Yuan, 2023. "FinTech and financing constraints of enterprises: Evidence from China," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    12. Lei Xu & Qian Liu & Bin Li & Chen Ma, 2022. "Fintech business and firm access to bank loans," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(4), pages 4381-4421, December.
    13. Liu, Zhuang & Li, Rongnan & Zhou, Jinlan & Liu, Yue, 2025. "The risk management effect of bank fintech: Evidence from stock price crash risk," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    14. Liu, Jintao & Li, Chaoyang, 2025. "Financial technology and corporate stock prices: the role of human capital investment," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 86(PE).
    15. Lai, Xiaobing & Yue, Shujing & Guo, Chong & Zhang, Xinhe, 2023. "Does FinTech reduce corporate excess leverage? Evidence from China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 281-299.
    16. Hong, Liu & Nikbakht, Ehsan & Zhou, Tianpeng, 2023. "Does product market competition affect the adoption of FinTech by non-financial firms?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    17. Wang, Ting & Xu, Jiani & Yang, Liuyong, 2024. "Financial geographic density and corporate financial asset holdings: Evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    18. Hasan, Iftekhar & Kwak, Boreum & Li, Xiang, 2024. "Financial technologies and the effectiveness of monetary policy transmission," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    19. Cui, Xin & Wang, Chunfeng & Liao, Jing & Fang, Zhenming & Cheng, Feiyang, 2021. "Economic policy uncertainty exposure and corporate innovation investment: Evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    20. Liu, Qiongzhi & Li, Renke & Wang, Yuqin, 2024. "Digital finance and capital mobility: Evidence from cross-regional investment of listed companies in China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • D82 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:riibaf:v:82:y:2026:i:c:s0275531925005185. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ribaf .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.