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Vehicle-to-X (V2X) implementation: An overview of predominate trial configurations and technical, social and regulatory challenges

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  • Gschwendtner, Christine
  • Sinsel, Simon R.
  • Stephan, Annegret

Abstract

The uptake of electric vehicles supports decarbonization and increasingly interconnects the electricity and transport system. While the integration of electric vehicles could challenge electricity grids, bidirectional power flows between vehicles and grids could support grid operations. Despite the globally increasing number of Vehicle-to-X trials, including Vehicle-to-Grid and Vehicle-to-Customer, an in-depth understanding of trial implementations and expert experiences has largely been overlooked although they are both crucial for technological development and deployment. Based on our analysis of a global Vehicle-to-X trial database and 47 interviews with experts from industry and academia, we (i) provide an overview of the implementation status of Vehicle-to-X and analyze predominate trial configurations, i.e. combinations of characteristics, (ii) identify important technical, social and regulatory challenges for the implementation of Vehicle-to-X and assess and discuss expert evaluations of these challenges and (iii) derive implications for different actors.

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  • Gschwendtner, Christine & Sinsel, Simon R. & Stephan, Annegret, 2021. "Vehicle-to-X (V2X) implementation: An overview of predominate trial configurations and technical, social and regulatory challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:145:y:2021:i:c:s1364032121002690
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.110977
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